Name Sepals
blunt Spur Colour Leaf Stipule Run-
ners Velve-
ty Scent Ro-
sette Stem Soil
Viola palustris L. 778.1 U Blunt Kidney Lance,
occ. Fine
teeth
- +/- - - - Marshy
Viola odorata L. 774 U short,
hooked Vari-
alble,
white
centre
Oval, all of
same year Oval,
often
toothed
+
root-
ing,
spring
+ + - Neutral/
lime
Viola hirta 775.4 U Deep
violet Elongated
spade, hairy Lan-
cetoothe
d
- +++ - + Path
edges
Viola alba 775.5 U Spade,
rounded tip Lance,
long
hairs
+ (non
-
root-
ing)
- + + + Shady
Viola suavis .775.55 U F. long Spade Lance,
deeply
fringed
+
Short
thick
- + + - Shade to
rocks
Name Sepals
pointed Spur Colour Leaf Stipule Run
ners Velve-
ty Scent Ro-
sette Stem Soil
Viola jordanii 775.8 > Large, long,
sl. cordiform V. long,
deeply
cut
- - - - +++ Dry
Viola canina 776
> Spade, long-
ish or wide Toothed - +/- - - +++ Acid
Viola riviniana .777 > Short Spade, round-
ed tip
Long stalk
Lance
shaped,
toothed
- + - + +++/
++++ Dry
Viola reichenbachiana
777.1 > Thin,
straight, Narrow spade Pointed,
v.
toothed
- + - + + Shady
Viola mirabilis 777.3 >, occ.
maroon
White Oval, cordi-
form, often
cornet
- Single
line of
hairs
+ + - Lime
Viola rupestris 778 >
Short, Vio-
letpale
blue or
white
Spade Oval
lance, +/
- teeth
- ++ - + + Lime
Name Sepals Colour Spur Vel-
vety Leaf Stipule Runners Sc
ent Rosette Soil
Viola tricolor 783 Pointed White,+B-V+ yel-
low, or B-violet, Y Short Y/N May be in-
cised. lance Pinnate, long
end lobe N N N, Stem Acid/
neutral,
fields
Viola arvensis 784 V. long W (+/-C,V) small short N Long, deep-cut Pinnate, long
end lobe N N N, long
stem Neutral/
limeField
s
Viola lutea subsp.
sudetica 785 Toothed
pointed Y, V, YV long Y/N Oval/oblong,
deeply toothed Pinnate, equal
end lobe Slender
creeping N N, long
stem Dry,
acid/lime
Violets—lateral petals pointing down. Flowers directly from rootstock, sepals blunt
Violets—lateral petals pointing down. Flowers from short stems (not rootstock),
Pansies— Lateral petals upwards, broad lower lip, often multicoloured, pansy leaves (often divided)