Drilling Rigs

Drilling Rigs
Eni Corporate University 1
DRILLING
RIGS
05/2010
San Donato Milanese

Drilling Rigs
Eni Corporate University 2

Drilling Rigs
Eni Corporate University 3
INDEX
01. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 9
1.1 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................... 9
1.2 RIG TYPES............................................................................................................................. 9
02. ON-SHORE RIGS..................................................................................................................... 10
2.1 DUTY .................................................................................................................................... 10
2.2 TYPES TRANSPORT.......................................................................................................... 11
- CONVENTIONAL RIG .......................................................................................................... 11
- FAST MOVING RIG ............................................................................................................. 12
- HELI-RIG .............................................................................................................................. 12
2.3 DRILLING RIG MAIN SYSTEMS.......................................................................................... 13
- HOISTING & ROTATION SYSTEM...................................................................................... 13
- POWER GENERATION SYSTEM........................................................................................ 13
- MUD CIRCULATING SYSTEM ............................................................................................ 14
- WELL CONTROL SYSTEM.................................................................................................. 14
03. RIG SITE .................................................................................................................................. 15
3.1 RIG SITE .............................................................................................................................. 15
- Dimensions and Safety.........................................................................................................15
- Lay-out Examples................................................................................................................. 17
- Civil Works on Location ........................................................................................................ 19
3.2 CELLAR DIMENSIONS ........................................................................................................ 20
3.3 WASTE PIT DIMENSIONS................................................................................................... 21
04. SUBSTRUCTURE .................................................................................................................... 22
4.1 FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................... 22
4.2 SUBSTRUCTURE LOAD and DIMENSIONS....................................................................... 23
4.3 TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS ...................................................................................... 24
4.4 RIG UP SYSTEMS ............................................................................................................... 25
- SWING UP - PYRAMID ........................................................................................................ 25
- SWING LIFT - BRANHAM .................................................................................................... 26
- SLING SHOT DRECO.......................................................................................................... 27
4.5 INSPECTIONS ..................................................................................................................... 27
05. DERRICK.................................................................................................................................. 28
5.1 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN ...................................................................................................... 28
5.2 TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS ...................................................................................... 29
- DERRICK ............................................................................................................................. 29
- MAST.................................................................................................................................... 32
- RAM RIG .............................................................................................................................. 35
5.3 RIGGING UP ........................................................................................................................ 37
5.4 DRILLING LOADS ................................................................................................................ 42
- Calculation of Drilling Loads at Crown Block........................................................................ 42
- Definition of Gross Nominal Capacity................................................................................... 45
5.5 INSPECTION........................................................................................................................ 46
06. DRAWWORKS ......................................................................................................................... 47
6.1 FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................... 47
6.2 TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS ...................................................................................... 48
6.3 MAIN SYSTEMS................................................................................................................... 52
a - Main Drum ......................................................................................................................... 53
b - Catheads ........................................................................................................................... 53
c - Stationary Brake ................................................................................................................ 54
d - Auxiliary brake / dynamic brake........................................................................................ 57
6.4 POWER CALCULATION ...................................................................................................... 61
6.5 INSPECTIONS ..................................................................................................................... 61
07. CROWN BLOCK....................................................................................................................... 62
7.1 FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................... 62
7.2 TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS ...................................................................................... 63

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Eni Corporate University 4
7.3 INSPECTIONS ..................................................................................................................... 64
08. TRAVELLING BLOCK .............................................................................................................. 67
8.1 FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................... 67
8.2 TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS ...................................................................................... 67
8.3 INSPECTIONS ..................................................................................................................... 71
- Periodic inspections.............................................................................................................. 71
- Frequency of Periodic Inspections........................................................................................ 71
- API Recommended Practice 8B ........................................................................................... 72
- Dimensional Inspection ........................................................................................................73
- NDT Inspection..................................................................................................................... 75
09. HOOK ....................................................................................................................................... 76
9.1 FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................... 76
9.2 TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS ...................................................................................... 77
Standard Hook........................................................................................................................ 77
Unitized Hook ......................................................................................................................... 79
Combination Travelling Block and Hook................................................................................. 80
9.3 INSPECTIONS ..................................................................................................................... 81
- API Recommended Practice 8B ........................................................................................... 82
- Dimensional Inspection ........................................................................................................83
- NDT Inspection..................................................................................................................... 85
10. DRILLING LINE ........................................................................................................................ 87
10.1 DRILLING LINE STRUCTURE ........................................................................................... 87
10.2 TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................... 90
10.3 DRILLING LINE REEVING ................................................................................................. 92
10.4 DEADLINE ANCHOR ......................................................................................................... 94
10.5 SAFETY FACTOR ..............................................................................................................94
10.6 DRILLING LINE WEAR ...................................................................................................... 97
SLIP AND CUT TON-MILES CALCULATION ........................................................................ 97
SLIP AND CUT ..................................................................................................................... 102
11. POWER GENERATION SYSTEMS ....................................................................................... 106
11.1 TYPES OF POWER GENERATORS ............................................................................... 106
FOR MECHANICAL RIGS.................................................................................................... 106
FOR ELECTRIC RIGS.......................................................................................................... 109
12. DIESEL ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION SYSTEM ......................................................... 115
12.1 DIESEL ENGINES............................................................................................................ 115
12.2 POWER GENERATORS .................................................................................................. 117
- DC GENERATORS ............................................................................................................ 117
- AC GENERATORS ............................................................................................................ 119
12.3 DC ENGINES ................................................................................................................... 122
12.4 AC ENGINES.................................................................................................................... 125
12.5 ENGINE CONTROLS ....................................................................................................... 126
- Current Control Panel......................................................................................................... 126
- Driller Control Panel ........................................................................................................... 128
12.6 SCR SYSTEM .................................................................................................................. 129
13. PNEUMATIC SYSTEM........................................................................................................... 131
13.1 FUNCTIONS..................................................................................................................... 131
13.2 CHARACTERISTICS........................................................................................................ 133
13.3 APPLICATIONS................................................................................................................ 134
14. ROTARY TABLE & MASTER BUSHING............................................................................... 135
14.1 FUNCTIONS..................................................................................................................... 135
14.2 DIMENSIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS ....................................................................... 137
14.3 TYPES OF ROTARY TABLE............................................................................................ 140
14.4 TYPES OF MASTER BUSHINGS .................................................................................... 141
14.5 TYPES OF CASING BUSHINGS ..................................................................................... 143
15. KELLY & DRIVE BUSHING.................................................................................................... 144
15.1 FUNCTION AND TYPES.................................................................................................. 144

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Eni Corporate University 5
15.2 DIMENSIONS (HEXAGONAL KELLY) ............................................................................. 145
15.3 DRIVE BUSHING .............................................................................................................146
- Kelly Bushing...................................................................................................................... 146
- Roller Assembly.................................................................................................................. 146
15.4 OPERATION..................................................................................................................... 147
16. UPPER & LOWER KELLY VALVES....................................................................................... 148
16.1 FUNCTION ....................................................................................................................... 148
16.2 DIMENSIONS ................................................................................................................... 149
- Upper Kelly Cock................................................................................................................ 149
- Lower Kelly Cock................................................................................................................ 150
17. SWIVEL HEAD ....................................................................................................................... 151
17.1 FUNCTION ....................................................................................................................... 151
17.2 TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................. 152
17.3 CONTROLS...................................................................................................................... 153
18. TOP DRIVE ............................................................................................................................ 155
18.1 FUNCTION ....................................................................................................................... 155
18.2 TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................. 156
- Top Drive National Oilwell .................................................................................................. 156
- Top Drive VARCO .............................................................................................................. 157
18.3 TOP DRIVE COMPONENTS............................................................................................ 162
18.4 INSPECTIONS ................................................................................................................. 174
19. RIG FLOOR MUD MANIFOLD ............................................................................................... 175
19.1 FUNCTION ....................................................................................................................... 175
19.2 TYPES .............................................................................................................................. 175
19.3 COMPONENTS ................................................................................................................ 177
1. Rotary Hose and Vibrator Hose........................................................................................ 177
2. Mud Valve......................................................................................................................... 178
3. Quick Unions .................................................................................................................... 180
4. Pressure Readings ........................................................................................................... 181
20. MUD PUMPS.......................................................................................................................... 182
HIGH PRESSURE MUD PUMPS ............................................................................................. 182
20.1 PRINCIPLES .................................................................................................................... 182
20.2 NOMENCLATURE............................................................................................................ 183
20.3 TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................. 186
20.4 ACCESSORIES................................................................................................................ 188
20.5 FLOW RATE AND EFFICIENCY CALCULATION............................................................ 192
20.6 POWER AND EFFICIENCY CALCULATION ................................................................... 192
LOW PRESSURE MUD PUMPS (Centrifugal Pump)............................................................... 193
20.7 FUNCTION ....................................................................................................................... 193
20.8 NOMENCLATURE............................................................................................................ 195
20.9 PUMP PERFORMANCE CURVES .................................................................................. 196
21. MUD MIXING SYSTEM .......................................................................................................... 198
21.1 FUNCTION ....................................................................................................................... 198
21.2 MIXING EQUIPMENT....................................................................................................... 199
21.3 BULK STOCK SYSTEM ................................................................................................... 204
- SILOS ................................................................................................................................. 204
- SURGE TANK .................................................................................................................... 207
22. MUD PITS............................................................................................................................... 208
22.1 GENERAL......................................................................................................................... 208
22.2 TYPES .............................................................................................................................. 210
22.3 ACCESSORIES................................................................................................................ 211
a. Valves (suction, butterfly, dump, equalizing) .................................................................... 211
b. Agitators (hydraulic, mechanical)...................................................................................... 214
23. PIPE SIZING........................................................................................................................... 219
23.1 INTRUDUCTION ..............................................................................................................219
23.2 FRICTION LOSSES ......................................................................................................... 220