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Sous-dossier - Observatoire régional de la biodiversité

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Malgrรฉ la forte ๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎ŽŽ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„‚๎…๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎„จ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…๎†๎†๎„ ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎†๎„ž๎…ต๎…๎ฒ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎ŽŽ๎•๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎€ƒ
๎„‚๎„๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎†‰๎„ž๎…ถ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎•๎€ƒ๎…๎†Œ๎„…๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎†๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„‚๎„•๎„‚๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎†Œ๎…๎†Ÿ๎…ต๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎…ต๎„๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…๎…ต๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†‰๎„Ÿ๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎—๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎†Ÿ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎…‡๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎…š๎†ต๎…๎†š๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎†๎†‰๎„Ÿ๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎Ž–๎‹๎…๎†๎„ž๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎…๎‡†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎„‚๎…ต๎…ต๎…๎„จ๎„Ÿ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎„๎˜๎€ƒ๎€˜๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎•๎€ƒ
๎ด๎•๎ฑ๎€ƒ ๎น๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎…ฝ๎„๎„๎†ต๎†‰๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎†š๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎…ถ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎„‚๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ
๎…ฝ๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎„จ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎†๎˜๎€ƒ ๎…๎„ ๎„‚๎…ถ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎…๎…ถ๎†๎•๎€ƒ ๎„๎„ž๎†ฉ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎…๎‡€๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎„‚๎„๎„ ๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†ต๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎†š๎†Œ๎†ต๎„๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎•๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ ๎…๎†Œ๎„‚๎„š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎•๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎„จ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎ŽŽ๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎˜
๎€พ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„๎„‚๎†Œ๎„‚๎„๎†š๎„ ๎†Œ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎†ต๎…๎‡€๎…๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎…๎„ซ๎„ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ
๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ ๎พ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎†๎•๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ ๎„จ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎†Ÿ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎•๎€ƒ
๎…š๎†ต๎…ต๎…๎„š๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎„๎˜๎ฟ๎€ƒ ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎…ถ๎„ ๎„๎„ž๎†๎†๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ
๎…ต๎„ž๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎Ž–๎„ ๎‡€๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎„š๎…๎„ฎ๎„๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎•๎€ƒ
๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎…š๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎†๎ŽŽ๎€ƒ ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ ๎„š๎›๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎˜๎€ƒ ๎€พ๎›๎„ ๎†š๎†ต๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„ž๎†Œ๎…ต๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„๎„‚๎†Œ๎„‚๎„๎†š๎„ ๎†Œ๎…๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„ ๎†š๎„‚๎†š๎•๎€ƒ ๎„š๎›๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎†๎†ต๎…๎‡€๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎„ ๎‡€๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎•๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„จ๎„‚๎…๎†š๎•๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎…ต๎…๎…ถ๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎›๎„ž๎„ธ๎„๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎…๎‡€๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…๎†Ÿ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ
๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†š๎„‚๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎…ถ๎‡€๎…๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎พ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ
๎†Œ๎„ ๎„š๎†ต๎„๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎„๎„ž๎†๎†๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎›๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎†๎•๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎†Ÿ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎†๎ŽŽ๎•๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎›๎„‚๎†ต๎…๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎„จ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…๎†๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎„๎˜๎ฟ๎˜
๎€พ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎ฒ
๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎…ฌ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„๎„‚๎†Œ๎„‚๎„๎†š๎„ ๎†Œ๎…๎†๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…๎…ถ๎„๎…๎†‰๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…๎‡€๎„ž๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎พ๎ญ๎ณ๎•๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎น๎€ƒ
๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎ญ๎ฒ๎•๎ด๎€ƒ ๎น๎€ƒ ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ ๎„๎…š๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎ฟ๎•๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ
๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†š๎†Œ๎„Ÿ๎†๎€ƒ ๎…๎…ต๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎‡†๎†‰๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„๎†ต๎…ฏ๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎พ๎ณ๎ณ๎•๎ญ๎€ƒ๎น๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎ณ๎ฐ๎•๎ฏ๎€ƒ๎น๎ฟ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†š๎†Œ๎„Ÿ๎†๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„‚๎…๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…๎†๎†๎„ ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ
๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎†๎„ž๎…ต๎…๎ฒ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ ๎พ๎ฑ๎•๎ฏ๎€ƒ ๎น๎€ƒ
๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ด๎•๎ต๎€ƒ๎น๎ฟ๎˜
๎ค๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ
๎€ฆ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎ฒ๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎…ฌ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž
๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎€พ๎€„๎…๎€˜๎š๎€œ๎€ƒ๎ณ๎€ƒ๎€˜๎จ๎…๎€ผ๎€œ๎š๎™๎จ๎€œ
13
๎€พ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†‰๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ต๎„‚๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„‚๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎ฒ๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎ฒ
๎…ฌ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ(sources : ORB NPdC 2014, d'aprรจs DREAL 2013, ARCH 2009, BD Forรชtยฎ v2 2009, AEAP 2009, CEN
NPdC 2001). ๎…๎˜๎€‘๎˜๎€ƒ๎—๎€ƒ๎€พ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎Ž—๎€ƒ๎€œ๎†๎†‰๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ต๎„‚๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„‚๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎Ž—๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎…๎†๎†๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„ ๎†Œ๎…๎…ต๎„Ÿ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ฟ๎…๎€ฏ๎€œ๎€ฆ๎€ฆ๎€ƒ๎†š๎‡‡๎†‰๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ญ๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎„š๎…๎„ฎ๎„ ๎†๎˜
๎€พ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎ž๎„๎…š๎„ ๎…ต๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…š๎„ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ถ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎พ๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎ฟ๎ŽŽ
๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎€ฆ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎ฒ
๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎…ฌ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎„‚๎„๎†š๎†ต๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎†Œ๎„ ๎‡€๎…๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎•๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎…ฝ๎„๎†ต๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ
๎„š๎Ž–๎„‚๎…ต๎„ ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„š๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„ ๎†Œ๎…๎…ต๎„Ÿ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎…๎„ฎ๎„๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎†‰๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ถ๎„š๎€ƒ
๎ณ๎ฐ๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎…๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†‰๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎†š๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ ๎†š๎„‚๎„๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎†๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎†ต๎„๎…ฏ๎…๎„๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎„ ๎†Œ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎…๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎†ต๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎พ๎€œ๎—๎€’๎€ฏ๎ฟ๎€ƒ๎—๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ
๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎†ต๎…ถ๎„‚๎†ต๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎…ฌ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎€ง๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎€ƒ ๎€พ๎…๎†ฉ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎€ƒ
๎พ๎€’๎จ๎€˜๎ฟ๎•๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎†ต๎…ถ๎„‚๎†ต๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎พ๎€’๎€’๎ฟ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎€ฌ๎„‚๎†ต๎†š๎†๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎€’๎€’๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…๎…ถ๎†š๎„ ๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎˜
๎€พ๎€œ๎ž๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎—๎š๎€ฏ๎…๎€’๎€ฏ๎—๎€„๎จ๎น๎€ƒ๎„๎€ฏ๎€พ๎€ฏ๎€œ๎จ๎น
๎—๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎…ฌ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž
๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎—๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎†š
1414141414 * cf. glossaire
1414
๎€’๎„‚๎†Œ๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„‚๎†‰๎…š๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎ฒ๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎…ฌ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ(sources : ORB NPdC 2014, dโ€™aprรจs
ARCH 2009)
๎€ž๎†š๎„‚๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ ๎‡€๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ฑ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ต๎€ƒ
(sources : ORB NPdC 2014, dโ€™aprรจs ARCH 2005 et 2009)
๎ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎„จ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎†š๎†Œ๎†ต๎…๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ฑ๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ต๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ
๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎ฒ๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎…ฌ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ(sources : ORB NPdC 2014, d'aprรจs
ARCH 2005 et 2009)
๎€พ๎€œ๎ž๎€ƒ๎ค๎€œ๎š๎š๎€ฏ๎ค๎‹๎€ฏ๎š๎€œ๎ž๎€ƒ๎€„๎š๎ค๎€ฏ๎€ฆ๎€ฏ๎€’๎€ฏ๎€„๎€พ๎€ฏ๎ž๎€ž๎ž
๎€พ๎Ž–๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„๎†ต๎…ฏ๎…๎„Ÿ๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎†Œ๎„ ๎…ฉ๎†ต๎„š๎…๎„๎…๎„‚๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎†Ÿ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„๎…๎…ฝ๎„š๎…๎‡€๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎…๎†š๎„ ๎ŽŽ๎˜๎€ƒ๎€‘๎…๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„š๎‡‡๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ต๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎Ž–๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎…๎„ ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎„๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…๎†๎†๎„‚๎…ถ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„‚๎†‰๎…š๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ ๎„๎„ž๎†ฉ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†Œ๎…ถ๎…๎„Ÿ๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎‡‡๎€ƒ
๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎…๎„๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎„๎†š๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎พ๎„ ๎†š๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎ŽŽ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎†‰๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†‰๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎„๎˜๎ฟ๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎…๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎†๎†๎…๎€ƒ๎…๎…ถ๎„š๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎„๎†š๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…š๎„ ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎…ต๎„Ÿ๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†๎†๎…ฝ๎„๎…๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ๎พ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎…๎†๎†‰๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ
๎…๎…ต๎†‰๎…ฏ๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ ๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†‰๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„š๎Ž–๎…๎…ถ๎„จ๎†Œ๎„‚๎†๎†š๎†Œ๎†ต๎„๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎•๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎ŽŽ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„ ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…๎†๎†๎„‚๎…ถ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎…ต๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎„๎˜๎ฟ๎˜๎€ƒ๎€ฏ๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎†๎Ž–๎„‚๎…๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎Ž–๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎„๎„‚๎†ต๎†๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎…๎†๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎…๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎•๎€ƒ
๎„š๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„๎•๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†‰๎„Ÿ๎„๎„ž๎†๎˜
๎€พ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎€ƒ ๎€ฆ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎ฒ๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎…ฌ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎†‰๎†š๎„‚๎…๎†š๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎…ถ๎‡€๎…๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฎ๎ฐ๎€ƒ๎ด๎ฌ๎ฌ๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎ญ๎ต๎ฒ๎ด๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฒ๎ฐ๎€ƒ๎ณ๎ต๎ฌ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ต๎•๎€ƒ
๎†๎…ฝ๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎…๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ฏ๎ต๎€ƒ๎ต๎ต๎ฌ๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎พ๎ฝ๎€ƒ๎ญ๎ณ๎•๎ด๎€ƒ๎น๎ฟ๎˜๎€ƒ
๎€พ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎„๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…๎†๎†๎„‚๎…ถ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„‚๎†‰๎…š๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎พ๎…ต๎„ก๎…ต๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†๎…๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†Ÿ๎†š๎€ƒ
๎†Œ๎„ ๎„๎„ž๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎ฟ๎•๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†๎†๎…ฝ๎„๎…๎„ ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†š๎„‚๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…š๎„ ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎…ต๎„Ÿ๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎•๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎…๎„ž๎…ถ๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎‡†๎†š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎„จ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎˜
๎€พ๎Ž–๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎…๎…๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎ฐ๎•๎ฎ๎€ƒ๎น๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎„จ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ
๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎†š๎„‚๎…๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…๎†Œ๎„‚๎†‰๎…š๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„๎…๎ฒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎˜
๎ญ๎ฑ
๎ž๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„๎„‚๎†Œ๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„‚๎†‰๎…š๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎€„๎š๎€’๎€ฌ๎•๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ฑ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ต๎•๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎„จ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎พ๎‡Œ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎…๎…ถ๎„š๎†ต๎†๎†š๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎„๎†š๎†ต๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†๎†๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„จ๎†Œ๎…๎„๎…š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎…๎…ถ๎„จ๎†Œ๎„‚๎†๎†š๎†Œ๎†ต๎„๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎ฟ๎€ƒ
๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎†๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ฐ๎•๎ฎ๎€ƒ๎น๎˜๎€ƒ๎€’๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎„จ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎พ๎ญ๎ฐ๎€ƒ๎ฒ๎ฐ๎ฑ๎€ƒ๎…š๎„ž๎„๎†š๎„‚๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ฑ๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ญ๎ฑ๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฒ๎ฌ๎€ƒ
๎…š๎„ž๎„๎†š๎„‚๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ต๎ฟ๎€ƒ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎•๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎‡‡๎„ž๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎…๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ญ๎ฎ๎ฏ๎€ƒ๎…š๎„ž๎„๎†š๎„‚๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎…ถ๎˜๎€ƒ
๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎€พ๎€„๎…๎€˜๎š๎€œ๎€ƒ๎ณ๎€ƒ๎€˜๎จ๎…๎€ผ๎€œ๎š๎™๎จ๎€œ
๎ญ๎ฑ
๎€˜๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†ต๎…ฏ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ต๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„ ๎‡€๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†‰๎†ต๎…๎†๎€ƒ ๎ญ๎ต๎ฒ๎ด๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ
๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎ฒ๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎…ฌ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ(sources : ORB NPdC 2014, d'aprรจs INSEE 2009)
๎€พ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„๎„‚๎…ถ๎…๎†๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎•๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎†Œ๎…๎…ถ๎„๎…๎†‰๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎•๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎„๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„Ÿ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…๎†ฉ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎—๎€ƒ
๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎…ฌ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ ๎ž๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎†š๎ฒ๎—๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎ฒ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎ฒ๎…ต๎„ž๎†Œ๎•๎€ƒ ๎€ฆ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎ฒ
๎„๎„‚๎†Œ๎„š๎‡‡๎„๎…ฌ๎•๎€ƒ ๎€ง๎†Œ๎„‚๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ ๎€ง๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎„ž๎ฒ๎ž๎‡‡๎…ถ๎†š๎…š๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ
๎€พ๎…ฝ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎ฒ๎—๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ ๎€พ๎„ž๎„ซ๎†Œ๎…๎…ถ๎„๎…ฌ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎„๎…ฌ๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ ๎ฟ๎†ต๎‡‡๎„š๎„๎…ฝ๎…ฝ๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ
๎€‘๎†Œ๎„‚๎‡‡๎ฒ๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎˜๎€ƒ ๎€พ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ ๎„จ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎„๎„๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…๎†๎†๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎„จ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„๎„‚๎…ถ๎…๎†๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†š๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎‡€๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎•๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎†Œ๎„ž๎‡€๎„‚๎…ถ๎„๎…š๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎„Ÿ๎†Œ๎„ž๎ฒ๎†‰๎„‚๎‡‡๎†๎˜
๎€พ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…๎…ถ๎„๎…๎†‰๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ ๎†š๎†Œ๎†ต๎…๎†š๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎›๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†๎„ž๎…๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ(๎„๎„จ๎˜๎€ƒ
๎„ฎ๎…๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎Ž—๎€ƒ๎ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎„จ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎†š๎†Œ๎†ต๎…๎†š๎†๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ฑ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ต๎€ƒ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎ฒ
๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎…ฌ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎Ž—)๎€ƒ ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„…๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎พ๎ฒ๎ฎ๎•๎ฎ๎€ƒ๎น๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎ฏ๎•๎ฐ๎€ƒ๎น๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ ๎„๎…š๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎…๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„š๎€ƒ๎ฒ๎€ƒ
๎—๎„‚๎†๎ฒ๎„š๎„ž๎ฒ๎€’๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…๎†๎ฟ๎•๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎†ต๎…ฏ๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ
๎„š๎›๎„‚๎†Œ๎„๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎พ๎ฏ๎ฐ๎•๎ฑ๎€ƒ๎น๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ฐ๎ญ๎•๎ฏ๎€ƒ๎น๎ฟ๎˜
๎€พ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎… ๎†š๎†Œ๎…๎†๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ
๎„š๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ ๎†š๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎•๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎†Ÿ๎†š๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎…ถ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎„‚๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎„จ๎†Œ๎„ž๎…๎…ถ๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎„จ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎˜๎€ƒ ๎€พ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎€ƒ
๎„š๎…๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎€ง๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ถ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎ŽŽ๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎•๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎ญ๎ฎ๎€ƒ๎…ฉ๎†ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ญ๎ฌ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ
๎†Œ๎„ ๎„๎„ž๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎€ƒ ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎Ž–๎„‚๎„๎„๎„Ÿ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„๎„‚๎…ถ๎…๎†๎…ต๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎‡€๎„ ๎€ƒ ๎พ๎€„๎€พ๎จ๎š๎ฟ๎•๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎›๎…๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎…ต๎„ ๎„š๎…๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎—๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎„๎„‚๎…ฏ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎›๎†ต๎†Œ๎„๎„‚๎…ถ๎…๎†๎…ต๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎พ๎—๎€พ๎จ๎ฟ๎ŽŽ๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎ž๎„๎…š๎„ ๎…ต๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…š๎„ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ถ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ถ๎„จ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„๎„ ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Ÿ๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎…๎„ฎ๎„๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎‡€๎…๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎„ฎ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…๎…ต๎…๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎‡†๎†š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎˜๎€ƒ๎€พ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎ž๎„๎…š๎„ ๎…ต๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฏ๎…๎…ต๎„‚๎†š๎•๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎›๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎›๎„ ๎…ถ๎„ž๎†Œ๎…๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎พ๎ž๎š๎€’๎€„๎€œ๎ฟ๎ŽŽ๎€ƒ ๎‡€๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎„ ๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎†๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎„ฎ๎‡†๎„ ๎•๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†ต๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎…ฝ๎„๎…ฉ๎„ž๎„๎†Ÿ๎„จ๎€ƒ
๎„š๎›๎…๎„๎…๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎•๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…๎…ต๎…๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎€ƒ
๎…š๎„ž๎„๎†š๎„‚๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎„ž๎…ต๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎…๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„š๎€ƒ๎ฒ๎€ƒ
๎—๎„‚๎†๎ฒ๎„š๎„ž๎ฒ๎€’๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…๎†๎˜๎€ƒ๎€พ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎ฒ
๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎…ฌ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎…š๎„ž๎†Œ๎„๎…š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ ๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎„š๎†ต๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎†Œ๎‡‡๎†š๎…š๎…ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎Ž–๎„‚๎†ต๎…๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎†๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎‡†๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฝ๎„๎…ฉ๎„ž๎„๎†Ÿ๎„จ๎€ƒ
๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎‡†๎…๎…ต๎†ต๎…ต๎€ƒ๎ฒ๎ฑ๎€ƒ๎…š๎„ž๎„๎†š๎„‚๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ณ๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ญ๎ณ๎•๎€ƒ ๎…š๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„ ๎†Œ๎…๎…ต๎„Ÿ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎€ง๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎€ƒ
๎…ต๎„‚๎†Œ๎…๎†Ÿ๎…ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎…ฌ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎พ๎€ง๎—๎„๎€˜๎ฟ๎˜๎€ƒ
๎€พ๎Ž–๎†ต๎†Œ๎„๎„‚๎…ถ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎ฒ๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎…ฌ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„ ๎‡€๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ฑ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ต๎€ƒ(sources : ORB NPdC 2014, d'aprรจs ARCH 2005 et 2009)
๎€’๎…š๎„ž๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎Ž–๎€„๎„‚
๎€’๎„‚๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎€’๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…ต๎„ž
๎€ฆ๎†Œ๎…๎„๎…š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎‡€๎…๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ๎€’๎…ฏ๎…๎†‰๎…ฝ๎…ถ
161616 * cf. glossaire
๎€พ๎€œ๎€ƒ๎€พ๎€ฏ๎ค๎ค๎‹๎š๎€„๎€พ
๎€พ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎„จ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ถ๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎…๎†ฉ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†๎†‰๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„๎†ต๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ
๎†๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎„จ๎„‚๎…๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†๎†ต๎†‰๎„ž๎†Œ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ ๎†๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎„จ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†ต๎…ฏ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„š๎›๎†ต๎†Œ๎„๎„‚๎…ถ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎•๎€ƒ ๎†๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎…ต๎„๎†Œ๎„ž๎†ต๎†๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…๎…ถ๎„จ๎†Œ๎„‚๎†๎†š๎†Œ๎†ต๎„๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎…๎…ถ๎„š๎†ต๎†๎†š๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎†ต๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎†๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†‰๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎‡†๎„๎„ž๎†‰๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎˜๎€ƒ ๎€’๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†๎†‰๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„‚๎… ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎‡‡๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ต๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎„š๎›๎…ฝ๎„๎„๎†ต๎†‰๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ๎†š๎†Œ๎„Ÿ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎…๎„ซ๎„ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎†š๎„‚๎†š๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎„ž๎…ต๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎˜
๎ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎„จ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎พ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎ฟ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†š๎€ƒ๎พ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎น๎ฟ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„š๎…๎†๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎พ๎…ฏ๎…๎…ต๎…๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎†ต๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎„š๎…ฝ๎…ต๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†ต๎„๎…ฏ๎…๎„๎€ƒ
๎…ต๎„‚๎†Œ๎…๎†Ÿ๎…ต๎„ž๎ฟ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ต๎€ƒ(sources : ORB NPdC 2014, d'aprรจs ARCH 2009)
๎€œ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎„ซ๎„ž๎†š๎•๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎„จ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎…๎†ฉ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎€ƒ ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ
๎…ถ๎„ž๎†ฉ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎†๎†ต๎†‰๎„ ๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎‡‡๎„ž๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎€ƒ
๎พ๎ฒ๎ฑ๎•๎ฐ๎€ƒ๎น๎€ƒ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ž๎†๎†‰๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ฌ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„Ÿ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎…๎‡€๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎ญ๎ณ๎•๎ฒ๎€ƒ ๎น๎ฟ๎˜๎€ƒ ๎€’๎„ž๎†ฉ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎…๎…ต๎…๎…ถ๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎†๎…๎‡€๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ
๎…ฉ๎†ต๎†๎†‹๎†ต๎›๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎„•๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎‡‡๎„ž๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎‡Œ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎€ƒ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ญ๎ฌ๎€ƒ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„Ÿ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎พ๎ญ๎ฌ๎•๎ด๎€ƒ๎น๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ญ๎ณ๎•๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎น๎ฟ๎˜๎€ƒ
๎€พ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎†๎„ž๎…ต๎…๎ฒ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„ ๎†๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎†๎…๎†š๎†ต๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†๎…๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎‡€๎„ž๎„๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎‡€๎„‚๎†Œ๎…๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ฏ๎ฏ๎•๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎น๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ
๎„๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ฌ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„Ÿ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ต๎•๎ณ๎€ƒ๎น๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎€ƒ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎€ƒ
๎„ƒ๎€ƒ ๎ญ๎ฌ๎€ƒ ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎„Ÿ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎˜๎€ƒ ๎€œ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎‡€๎„‚๎…ถ๎„๎…š๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎„จ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎„‚๎†ต๎…๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎•๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†๎†๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ญ๎€ƒ๎น๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ฌ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎€ƒ
๎…ต๎„Ÿ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ณ๎ต๎•๎ฑ๎€ƒ๎น๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎€ƒ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎ญ๎ฌ๎€ƒ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎€ƒ
๎…ต๎„Ÿ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎˜๎€ƒ๎€พ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎‡‡๎„ž๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ณ๎ณ๎•๎ญ๎€ƒ๎น๎˜
๎€ž๎‡€๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„š๎…๎†๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ
๎†Œ๎…๎‡€๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎พ๎…ฏ๎…๎…ต๎…๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎†ต๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎„š๎…ฝ๎…ต๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†ต๎„๎…ฏ๎…๎„๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎†Œ๎…๎†Ÿ๎…ต๎„ž๎ฟ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ฑ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ต๎€ƒ(sources : ORB NPdC 2014, d'aprรจs ARCH 2005 et 2009)
๎—๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…š๎„ ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎…ต๎„Ÿ๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„๎„‚๎†Œ๎„‚๎„๎†š๎„ ๎†Œ๎…๎†๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„ ๎†Œ๎…๎…ฝ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ฑ๎ฒ
๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ต๎€ƒ๎—
๎ป๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎‡‡๎†š๎…š๎…ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎†ต๎†Œ๎„๎„‚๎…ถ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎…๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎„๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎†๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎‡€๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎…๎…ถ๎†š๎„ ๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎–
๎ป๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„ž๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎†๎„ž๎…ต๎…๎ฒ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ
๎„‚๎†ต๎…๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ ๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„ž๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†๎›๎„ ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎…๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„๎†€๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎–
๎ป๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎„จ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ฝ๎„๎„๎†ต๎†‰๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎„‚๎†ต๎…๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎„ž๎…ต๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„จ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ถ๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…๎†ฉ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ
๎…ต๎„ก๎…ต๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎‡‡๎†š๎…š๎…ต๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎„ž๎…ต๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ
๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎€ƒ๎พ๎„ž๎…ถ๎‡€๎…๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎€ƒ๎น๎ฟ๎•๎€ƒ๎†๎„‚๎†ต๎„จ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ
๎ญ๎€ƒ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„Ÿ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฝ๎†ถ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎„จ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎…๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎ญ๎ด๎€ƒ๎น๎˜๎€ƒ
๎—๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎„๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎•๎€ƒ ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ ๎‡€๎…๎†๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎…๎…ต๎…๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…๎†ฉ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎—
๎ป๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎€ƒ ๎…ถ๎Žฃ๎ด๎ฒ๎ฒ๎ฎ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎ฏ๎€ƒ ๎…ฉ๎„‚๎…ถ๎‡€๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎ญ๎ต๎ด๎ฒ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎…๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎Ž—๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎…๎†ฉ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎€ƒ ๎Ž—๎€ƒ
๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…๎…ถ๎„๎…๎†‰๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Ÿ๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎„๎†š๎†ต๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎„‚๎… ๎†š๎†Œ๎…๎†๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎›๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†š๎„ž๎„๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎…๎†ฉ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎˜๎€ƒ ๎€’๎„ž๎†ฉ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„ ๎‡€๎…๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†š๎„‚๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎…๎†ฉ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…š๎„ ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎…ต๎„Ÿ๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎ŽŽ๎˜๎€ƒ
๎€˜๎„ž๎†‰๎†ต๎…๎†๎€ƒ ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎…๎…ถ๎†๎†š๎„‚๎†ต๎†Œ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎•๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ถ๎›๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎„๎„ž๎†‰๎„ž๎…ถ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†๎€ƒ
๎†Œ๎„ ๎†ต๎†๎†๎…๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„ ๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎‡€๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†‰๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ
๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎…š๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎พ๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…๎„ ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎…๎…ถ๎„จ๎†Œ๎„‚๎†๎†š๎†Œ๎†ต๎„๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„จ๎†Œ๎„ ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†š๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎…๎†๎†Ÿ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎‡†๎„ž๎…ต๎†‰๎…ฏ๎„ž๎ฟ๎€ƒ๎–
๎ป๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ž๎‡‡๎…ถ๎„š๎…๎„๎„‚๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…๎‡†๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„๎†€๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎‹๎†‰๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎พ๎ž๎„๎€’๎‹๎ฟ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„๎„ ๎•๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„Ÿ๎†๎€ƒ ๎ญ๎ต๎ต๎ฒ๎•๎€ƒ ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…๎„ž๎†๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎…๎…ถ๎†š๎„ ๎…๎†Œ๎„ ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎‡Œ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎„๎†€๎†Ÿ๎„Ÿ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎พ๎€ง๎€ฏ๎ฟ๎€’๎ฟ๎˜๎€ƒ๎€’๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†ต๎…๎ฒ๎„๎…๎€ƒ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†š๎„‚๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฝ๎„๎…ฉ๎„ž๎„๎†Ÿ๎„จ๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ถ๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…š๎„ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎„๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎…๎„ซ๎„ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ
๎…ถ๎…๎‡€๎„ž๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎„š๎…ต๎…๎…ถ๎…๎†๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎„จ๎†๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎˜
๎€„๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ ๎„จ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎…š๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎พ๎„‚๎…ต๎„ ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎†ต๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎…๎…ถ๎„š๎†ต๎†๎†š๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„จ๎†Œ๎„ ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†š๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎…๎†๎†Ÿ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎„๎˜๎ฟ๎€ƒ
๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎†€๎†Ÿ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎›๎„‚๎…ฉ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ
๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎Ž–๎„ž๎…ต๎„๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎†๎„‚๎…๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎›๎„ ๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„๎†€๎†Ÿ๎„Ÿ๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎†‰๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎„‚๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎„š๎…๎„ฎ๎„๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ
๎„š๎…๎†๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎…๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎†Œ๎†š๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎†š๎†๎˜๎€ƒ๎€พ๎›๎„ ๎‡€๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎†€๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…๎„ ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎„๎„ž๎†๎†๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎†‰๎…ฏ๎„ž๎‡†๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…๎…ต๎†‰๎…ฏ๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ต๎†ต๎…ฏ๎†Ÿ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎„จ๎„‚๎„๎†š๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ๎พ๎‡€๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎•๎€ƒ๎…š๎…ฝ๎†ต๎…ฏ๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎‡€๎„‚๎…๎†ต๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎†๎„ ๎„š๎…๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎„๎˜๎ฟ๎˜๎€ƒ
๎ž๎…๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„‚๎„๎„๎†Œ๎„ ๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†š๎†€๎†š๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…š๎„ ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎…ต๎„Ÿ๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„‚๎‡€๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„‚๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ
๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎•๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ ๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎…ถ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†๎„ ๎„š๎…๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†๎„ž๎…๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎†๎†š๎†ต๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎„๎…ฏ๎„ ๎…ต๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎†๎˜
๎€ž๎‡€๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎†€๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎ฒ๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎…ฌ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ญ๎ต๎ฒ๎ฌ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ฏ๎€ƒ
(sources : ORB NPdC 2013, d'aprรจs Chaverot 2006 et EUROSION 2004)
๎€พ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎†€๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎€ƒ
๎€ฆ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎ฒ๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎…ฌ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„ ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎พ๎„๎„‚๎†š๎„ ๎…๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎Ž—๎€ƒ ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎„ž๎…๎…๎…ถ๎„ ๎€ƒ ๎Ž—๎€ƒ ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎„๎„‚๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„๎…๎ฒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎†๎†ต๎†๎ฟ๎˜๎€ƒ ๎€œ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎„ซ๎„ž๎†š๎•๎€ƒ ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎ฒ๎ฌ๎€ƒ
๎…ฌ๎…๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…ต๎„Ÿ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎†€๎†š๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎ฐ๎ญ๎€ƒ๎…ฌ๎…๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…ต๎„Ÿ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„Ÿ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎ณ๎ฌ๎€ƒ ๎น๎•๎€ƒ ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…๎…ถ๎„๎…๎†‰๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎…ฝ๎„๎„๎†ต๎†‰๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎„๎†Ÿ๎‡€๎…๎†š๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ
๎…š๎†ต๎…ต๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎พ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎†ต๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎…๎…ถ๎„š๎†ต๎†๎†š๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎„๎˜๎ฟ๎˜
๎ญ๎ณ
๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎€พ๎€„๎…๎€˜๎š๎€œ๎€ƒ๎ณ๎€ƒ๎€˜๎จ๎…๎€ผ๎€œ๎š๎™๎จ๎€œ
๎ญ๎ณ
๎€’๎„ž๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„๎„ž๎†Œ๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎…ฌ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎พ๎„š๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎ฒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎ฒ๎€‘๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎†๎ฟ๎•๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎€ง๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎„ž๎ฒ๎ž๎‡‡๎…ถ๎†š๎…š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎€พ๎…ฝ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎ฒ๎—๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎˜๎€ƒ ๎€พ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„๎†€๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„ ๎‡€๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎†ต๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎†ต๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎—
๎ป๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎‡Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฌ๎…๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…ต๎„Ÿ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎พ๎†๎…ฝ๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎ญ๎ต๎•๎ฏ๎€ƒ๎น๎ฟ๎€ƒ
๎†๎†ต๎„๎…๎†๎†๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ ๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎˜๎€ƒ๎€œ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎…š๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„š๎‡‡๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ต๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…๎†ฉ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎•๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎†Œ๎„ ๎†๎„ž๎…ถ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎„‚๎…ต๎„ ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎…š๎†ต๎…ต๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎„ž๎†Œ๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎…๎†š๎€ƒ ๎†๎„ ๎„š๎…๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎‡€๎…ฝ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†๎„‚๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎†‹๎†ต๎…๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…๎…ถ๎„๎…๎†‰๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎„ ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„š๎Ž–๎„‚๎„๎„๎„ ๎…ฏ๎„ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ž๎„๎†ต๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎†€๎†š๎„ž๎˜๎€ƒ
๎€พ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎„๎†ต๎…ฏ๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎‡‡๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†๎†Ÿ๎…ต๎„ ๎€ƒ ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎„Ÿ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎…ถ๎˜๎€ƒ ๎€พ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„๎„ž๎†Œ๎…ถ๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎—๎€ƒ ๎€‘๎†Œ๎„‚๎‡‡๎ฒ
๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎ฟ๎†ต๎‡‡๎„š๎„๎…ฝ๎…ฝ๎†š๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎€พ๎„ž๎„ซ๎†Œ๎…๎…ถ๎„๎…ฌ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎„๎…ฌ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ
๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†‹๎†ต๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎ฒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎ฒ
๎€‘๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎–
๎ป๎€ƒ ๎†๎„ž๎†ต๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎€ง๎†Œ๎„‚๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ
๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎…ถ๎‡€๎…๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„๎…๎…ถ๎†‹๎€ƒ ๎…ฌ๎…๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…ต๎„Ÿ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎„‚๎„๎„๎†Œ๎„ ๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎–
๎ป๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎…ฌ๎…๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…ต๎„Ÿ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎†€๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ
๎†๎†š๎„‚๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎พ๎†‹๎†ต๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎ฒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎ฒ๎€‘๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎†๎ฟ๎˜๎€ƒ
๎€พ๎›๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎Ž—๎€ƒ ๎„ ๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎Ž—๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†ต๎…ฉ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„š๎›๎…š๎†ต๎…๎€ƒ ๎„๎…๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎…๎„š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†Ÿ๎„ฎ๎„ ๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎›๎€ž๎†š๎„‚๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎„๎†Ÿ๎‡€๎…๎†š๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎„๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎˜๎€ƒ๎€พ๎›๎€ž๎†š๎„‚๎†š๎•๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎€ƒ๎€‘๎„‚๎†Œ๎…ถ๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ
๎พ๎…ถ๎Žฃ๎ต๎ฑ๎ฒ๎ญ๎ฌ๎ญ๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„ ๎‡€๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎ญ๎ต๎ต๎ฑ๎ฟ๎•๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎‡€๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ
๎—๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„ ๎‡€๎„ž๎…ถ๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎…๎†๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎พ๎—๎—๎š๎ฟ๎•๎€ƒ
๎…๎…ถ๎†š๎„Ÿ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎Ž–๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎Ž—๎€ƒ ๎„ ๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎Ž—๎˜๎€ƒ ๎€˜๎„Ÿ๎†๎€ƒ ๎ญ๎ต๎ต๎ฐ๎•๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎…ต๎„๎†Œ๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎„๎†š๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ๎พ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ž๎‡‡๎…ถ๎„š๎…๎„๎„‚๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…๎‡†๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎„๎†€๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎›๎‹๎†‰๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎€’๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎„ž๎…๎…ฏ๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎•๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ
๎€˜๎€ฏ๎š๎€œ๎…๎•๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎„๎˜๎ฟ๎€ƒ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„๎…๎†‰๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎„š๎„‚๎„๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎„š๎›๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎—๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…๎†ฉ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎„‚๎„๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎…๎„ž๎†๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ ๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎พ๎—๎€พ๎€„๎€ง๎€œ๎ฟ๎˜๎€ƒ๎€œ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ฎ๎•๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎€ƒ
๎„ ๎‡€๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎†ต๎„ ๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Ÿ๎…ฏ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎›๎„‚๎…๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ ๎„๎…๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ ๎…๎„ž๎†๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…๎„ž๎†๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎„ฎ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎… ๎†š๎†Œ๎…๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ ๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„๎†€๎†Ÿ๎„Ÿ๎†Œ๎„ž๎˜๎€ƒ๎€พ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎—๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎†Œ๎„ ๎‡€๎„ž๎…ถ๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎…๎†๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎…๎†ฉ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ ๎พ๎—๎—๎š๎€พ๎ฟ๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎€ง๎†Œ๎„‚๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ ๎‹๎‡‡๎„ž๎ฒ๎—๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ ๎†š๎…ฝ๎†ต๎…ฉ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎Ž–๎„ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎„๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎˜
๎€พ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎€ž๎†š๎„‚๎†š๎ฒ๎š๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎พ๎€’๎—๎€œ๎š๎ฟ๎€ƒ
๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎†๎†๎…๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Ÿ๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…๎†๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†ˆ๎†ต๎‡€๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…๎†Ÿ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎„‚๎…ต๎„ ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„š๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ฎ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎›๎€ž๎†š๎„‚๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎˜๎€ƒ๎€พ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„ ๎„๎„ ๎„š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎•๎€ƒ
๎„ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎„๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„ ๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„ ๎†Œ๎…๎…ฝ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ณ๎€ƒ ๎ฒ๎€ƒ ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ญ๎ฏ๎•๎€ƒ
๎…๎…ถ๎„๎…ฏ๎†ต๎„‚๎…๎†š๎€ƒ ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…๎„ž๎†๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎…๎…ถ๎†š๎„ ๎…๎†Œ๎„ ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎‡Œ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎„๎†€๎†Ÿ๎„Ÿ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎พ๎€ง๎€ฏ๎ฟ๎€’๎ฟ๎•๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ ๎„๎…ฏ๎…๎…ถ๎„ ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†š๎„‚๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ
๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎‡€๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎…๎‡€๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎„๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ ๎—๎€ƒ ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎‡€๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ
๎„š๎›๎„‚๎…ต๎„ ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎†ต๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎„ ๎†š๎†ต๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎†Œ๎…๎†๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†๎†ต๎„๎…ต๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎„‚๎†Œ๎…๎…ถ๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ ๎€ฆ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„š๎†๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ ๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†‰๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎…๎†ฉ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎€ƒ ๎พ๎€ฆ๎‹๎€˜๎€œ๎€พ๎ฟ๎•๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎†š๎„๎˜๎€ƒ ๎€ฏ๎…ฏ๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎‡†๎…๎†๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ถ๎„ ๎„‚๎…ถ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎…๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎„๎…ฏ๎„Ÿ๎…ต๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…๎…ฝ๎†ต๎‡€๎„ž๎†Œ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ ๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ ๎„ฎ๎…ถ๎…๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†š๎†๎€ƒ ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…๎€ƒ ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎…ต๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎…๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†š๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„ ๎„๎…š๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†š๎†๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„๎„ž๎†Œ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎…๎†ฉ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ
๎„จ๎„‚๎„•๎„‚๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎†Œ๎…๎†Ÿ๎…ต๎„ž๎˜
๎€พ๎›๎€„๎€ง๎š๎€ฏ๎€’๎จ๎€พ๎ค๎จ๎š๎€œ
๎€พ๎›๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„๎†ต๎…ฏ๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎„ซ๎„ž๎†š๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎…๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ
๎…ต๎„‚๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎„๎…๎…ฝ๎„š๎…๎‡€๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ ๎†๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎†๎‡‡๎†๎†š๎„Ÿ๎…ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎„š๎†ต๎„๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎พ๎…๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎…๎„จ๎€ƒ ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎‡†๎†š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎…๎„จ๎•๎€ƒ ๎†ต๎†Ÿ๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎…๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ
๎…๎…ต๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎„š๎†ต๎…๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…š๎‡‡๎†š๎…ฝ๎†๎„‚๎…ถ๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎ŽŽ๎•๎€ƒ
๎†Œ๎„ž๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎‡€๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„๎†ต๎…ฏ๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎…๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎…๎‡€๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎„š๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎…๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎…๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎•๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Œ๎„‚๎„๎…š๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…š๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎„๎˜๎ฟ๎˜๎€ƒ ๎€’๎›๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎„๎„ž๎†ฉ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ ๎†š๎†ต๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎พ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎„ž๎†Œ๎…ต๎„‚๎…ถ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„…๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎„๎˜๎ฟ๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎›๎„ž๎‡†๎†‰๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎พ๎„๎…๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎‡†๎†š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎…๎„จ๎•๎€ƒ ๎…๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎…๎„จ๎•๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„‚๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎„๎˜๎ฟ๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ
๎…๎…ต๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„ ๎†š๎„‚๎†š๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†๎†ต๎…๎‡€๎…๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„๎…๎…ฝ๎„š๎…๎‡€๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎…๎†š๎„ ๎˜๎€ƒ
๎€พ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎‡†๎†‰๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎›๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„๎†ต๎…ฏ๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎†Œ๎„ž๎…๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†‰๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎•๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„ ๎„จ๎„ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†Ÿ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎€ƒ ๎€„๎š๎€’๎€ฌ๎•๎€ƒ
๎„๎†ต๎…ฏ๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„๎„ž๎†Œ๎†š๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†Œ๎„๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎พ๎‡€๎„ž๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎•๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„ž๎†ต๎†‰๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎†๎ŽŽ๎•๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎„๎˜๎ฟ๎•๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„จ๎„‚๎†ต๎„๎…š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎พ๎…š๎†ต๎…ต๎…๎„š๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎„ ๎†๎…ฝ๎†‰๎…š๎…๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎ŽŽ๎•๎€ƒ
๎„ƒ๎€ƒ ๎„จ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎…ต๎„ ๎…ฏ๎…๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎ฟ๎•๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎„…๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎…ถ๎…š๎„ž๎†Œ๎„๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎ŽŽ๎˜๎€ƒ ๎€พ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎†๎†‰๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ฝ๎„๎„๎†ต๎†‰๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎ณ๎ณ๎•๎ญ๎€ƒ ๎น๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ
๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎€ƒ ๎€ฆ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎ฒ๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎…ฌ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎พ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎ณ๎ฐ๎•๎ฏ๎€ƒ ๎น๎€ƒ ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ ๎„๎…š๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎ฟ๎˜๎€ƒ
๎€พ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎„จ๎…ฝ๎…๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†๎†๎…๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎„‚๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ ๎†๎„ž๎…ต๎…๎ฒ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎•๎€ƒ ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„‚๎†ฉ๎„‚๎„๎…š๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎„ž๎‡†๎†‰๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ฝ๎„๎„๎†ต๎†‰๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎ญ๎ฏ๎•๎ญ๎€ƒ๎น๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†‰๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ด๎€ƒ๎ณ๎ฒ๎ฑ๎€ƒ
๎…š๎„ž๎„๎†š๎„‚๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎พ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎ฎ๎ฐ๎•๎ฒ๎€ƒ ๎น๎€ƒ ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎Ž–๎„ ๎„๎…š๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎ฟ๎˜
๎€œ๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ฑ๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ต๎•๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎พ๎„๎†ต๎…ฏ๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎…ถ๎…š๎„ž๎†Œ๎„๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎ฟ๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎›๎„‚๎†Œ๎„๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎†๎„ ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎ญ๎€ƒ๎ญ๎ฎ๎ฎ๎€ƒ๎…š๎„ž๎„๎†š๎„‚๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎พ๎†๎…ฝ๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎ฝ๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎€ƒ๎น๎ฟ๎˜๎€ƒ๎ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„ก๎…ต๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎„ ๎†Œ๎…๎…ฝ๎„š๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„ž๎†Œ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎ญ๎€ƒ ๎ณ๎ฑ๎ฏ๎€ƒ
๎…š๎„ž๎„๎†š๎„‚๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎พ๎†๎…ฝ๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎ญ๎ฒ๎•๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎น๎ฟ๎˜
๎€พ๎›๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„๎†ต๎…ฏ๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„๎…๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎พ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎…ฏ๎€ƒ ๎€„๎€‘๎ฟ๎€ƒ
๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎†Ÿ๎†š๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎›๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎„๎†š๎†ต๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ
๎„š๎›๎„ž๎‡†๎†‰๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ
๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎†‰๎„ž๎„๎†š๎†ต๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ž๎…ถ๎‡€๎…๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎พ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎ฒ
๎†ต๎†Ÿ๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„ž๎†๎†Ÿ๎„๎…๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„๎…š๎…๎…ต๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ
๎„จ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎…๎…ถ๎„ ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎…๎…ต๎…๎†š๎„ ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎†๎•๎€ƒ
๎†ต๎†Ÿ๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎‡€๎„‚๎†Œ๎…๎„ ๎†š๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎…๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ ๎†๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎…๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„‚๎„š๎…๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎„๎˜๎ฟ๎˜๎€ƒ๎€œ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ญ๎ฎ๎•๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎ž๎€’๎…ฝ๎ค๎€ƒ ๎€ฆ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎ฒ๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎…ฌ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎†‰๎†š๎„‚๎…๎†š๎€ƒ
๎ญ๎ญ๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎‡†๎†‰๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎†‹๎†ต๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎Ž–๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„๎†ต๎…ฏ๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎…๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎„จ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎ณ๎ฐ๎•๎ฐ๎€ƒ ๎…š๎„ž๎„๎†š๎„‚๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎พ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†ต๎…๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎ฑ๎ญ๎€ƒ ๎น๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†‰๎†ต๎…๎†๎€ƒ ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ณ๎ฟ๎˜๎€ƒ ๎€’๎„ž๎†ฉ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎„จ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„ ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎€„๎€‘๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†š๎†Œ๎„Ÿ๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎…๎…ถ๎…๎…ต๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎‡€๎„ž๎„๎€ƒ
๎ฌ๎•๎ญ๎€ƒ๎น๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎„จ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†ต๎†Ÿ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎พ๎ž๎€„๎จ๎ฟ๎ŽŽ๎•๎€ƒ
๎พ๎ฌ๎•๎ต๎€ƒ๎น๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„š๎€ƒ๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎—๎„‚๎†๎ฒ๎„š๎„ž๎ฒ๎€’๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…๎†๎ฟ๎˜
๎€˜๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎€ง๎…š๎‡‡๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎„š๎„ž
๎€’๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎†ต๎„๎…ฏ๎„ ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎€ง๎†Œ๎„‚๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…๎…ถ๎„ž๎†
๎€ฌ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎„๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎…๎„Ÿ๎†Œ๎„ž
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