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FACULTEIT DIERGENEESKUNDE
approved by EAEVE
THE ROLE OF THE BOVINE PAPILLOMAVIRUS IN
THE CLINICAL BEHAVIOUR OF EQUINE SARCOIDS
AND THE PRESENCE OF VIRAL LATENCY IN
HORSES
Lies Bogaert
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Veterinary
Science (PhD), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, December 13th, 2007.
Promoter: Prof. Dr. A. Martens
Co-promoter: Prof. Dr. F. Gasthuys
Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abbreviations 1
Preface 3
Chapter 1 Review of the literature 5
1.1. Clinical aspects of equine sarcoids
9
1.2. Association of bovine papillomavirus with equine sarcoids
31
Chapter 2 Aims of the study 55
Chapter 3 Role of bovine papillomavirus in the clinical behaviour of equine
sarcoids 59
3.1. Selection of a set of reliable reference genes for quantitative real-
time PCR in normal equine skin and in equine sarcoids
61
3.2. Bovine papillomavirus load and mRNA expression, cell
proliferation and p53 expression in four clinical types of equine
sarcoids
79
Chapter 4 Presence of bovine papillomavirus in the normal skin and in the
surroundings of horses with and without equine sarcoids 99
4.1. Detection of bovine papillomavirus DNA on the normal skin and
in the habitual surroundings of horses with and without equine
sarcoids
101
4.2. High prevalence of bovine papillomaviral DNA in the normal
skin of equine sarcoid-affected and healthy horses 119
Chapter 5 General discussion and perspectives 145
Summary 165
Samenvatting 169
Curriculum vitae 173
Bibliography 175
Dankwoord – Word of thanks 179