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Pesticide exposure and liver cancer: a review.
Exposition aux pesticides et cancer du foie : une revue de la littérature.
VoPham T and al., Cancer Causes Control. 2017 Mar
PURPOSE:
To review the epidemiologic literature examining pesticide exposure and liver cancer incidence.
METHODS:
A search of the MEDLINE and Embase databases was conducted in October 2015. Eligibility criteria included
examining hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or primary liver cancer, pesticides as an exposure of interest, and
individual-level incidence. The review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic
Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
RESULTS:
Forty-eight papers were assessed for eligibility and 15 studies were included in the review. The majority of
studies were conducted in China and Egypt (n = 8), used a case-control design (n = 14), and examined HCC
(n = 14). Most studies showed no association between self-reported and/or occupational exposure to pesticides
and liver cancer risk. Six studies demonstrated statistically significant positive associations, including three
biomarker-based studies (two using pre-diagnostic sera) that reported higher serum levels of
dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were associated with increased HCC risk. Studies indirectly measuring
pesticide exposure using self-reported exposure, occupation, job-exposure matrices, or geographic residence
demonstrated inconsistent results. These studies were limited by exposure assessment methods, lack of
confounder information, minimal case confirmation, selection bias, and/or over-adjustment.
CONCLUSIONS:
There is mixed evidence suggesting a possible association between specific pesticides and HCC risk, with the
strongest evidence observed in biomarker-based studies. In particular, organochlorine pesticides, including DDT,
may increase HCC risk. Future research should focus on improved pesticide exposure assessment methods,
potentially incorporating multiple approaches including biomonitoring while considering the chemicals of
interest, historical exposure to address latency periods, and examining specific chemicals and exposure
pathways.
The association between the incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer and concentrations at
street-level of nitrogen dioxide and ultrafine particles
L'association entre l'incidence du cancer du sein post-ménopausique et les niveaux de dioxyde d'azote et
des particules ultrafines émises au niveau de la voie public
Goldberg MS et al., Environ Res. 2017 Jun
BACKGROUND:
There is scant information as to whether traffic-related air pollution is associated with the incidence of breast
cancer. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ultrafine particles (UFPs, <0.1µm), are two pollutants that capture intra-
urban variations in traffic-related air pollution and may also be associated with incidence.
METHODS:
We conducted a population-based, case-control study of street-level concentrations of NO2 and UFPs and
incident postmenopausal breast cancer in Montreal, Canada. Incident cases were identified between 2008 and
2011 from all but one hospital that treated breast cancer in the Montreal area. Population controls were identified
from provincial electoral lists of Montreal residents and frequency-matched to cases using 5-year age groups.
Concentrations of NO2 and UFPs were estimated using two separate land-use regression models. Exposures
were assigned to residential locations at the time of recruitment, and we identified residential histories of women
who had lived in these residences for 10 years or more. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI)
were estimated using logistic regression models adjusting for individual-level and ecological covariates. We
assessed the functional form of NO2 and UFP exposures using natural cubic splines.
RESULTS:
We found that the functional form of the response functions between incident postmenopausal breast cancer and
concentrations of NO2 and UFPs were consistent with linearity. For NO2, we found increasing risks of breast
cancer for all subjects combined and stronger associations when analyses were restricted to those women who
had lived at their current address for 10 years or more. Specifically, the OR, adjusted for personal covariates, per
increase in the interquartile range (IQR=3.75 ppb) of NO2 was 1.08 (95%CI: 0.92-1.27). For women living in
their homes for 10 years or more, the adjusted OR was 1.17 (95%CI: 0.93-1.46; IQR=3.84 ppb); for those not
living at that home 10 years before the study, it was 0.93 (95%CI: 0.64, 1.36; IQR=3.65 ppb). For UFPs, the