TÉLÉCOMMUNICATIONS PAR FIBRE OPTIQUE INTRODUCTION
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40km Transmission of Five Mode Division Multiplexed Data
Streams at 100Gb/s with low MIMO-DSP Complexity
ALCATEL LUCENT - PD ECOC 2011
Abstract: Mode-division multiplexing is demonstrated over five modes for the first time. Five
data streams are modulated at 100Gb/s with PDM-QPSK modulation format, multiplexed
altogether, transported over 40km few-mode fiber, demultiplexed, and successfully recovered.
1N:>CE:,E@A@;=4,+3&,
MDM sur 5 modes : LP01, LP11a,b, LP21a,b
4
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EUAP=446,
Réseaux PON : pour Passive Optical Networks!
• Distances entre OLT et coupleur : 10 à 20 km"
• Distances entre coupleur et ONU : 0,5 à 1 km"
• Emission continue dans le sens descendant (allocation
d’un créneau temporel par abonné)"
• Emission en mode paquet dans le sens montant"
Récepteur"
Emetteur"
Filtre"
Coupleur 1×
N"
OLT : Optical Line
Termination"
ONUs : Optical Network Units"
Rx"
Tx"
Flux
descendant
@ 1,55 µm"
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@ 1,3 µm"
Maison
Rx"
Tx"
Maison
Rx"
Tx"
Maison
CENTRAL
FTTH : Fiber To The Home
!T"
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5
Les Télécommunications optiques
5
COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
ALCATEL-LUCENT — INTERNAL PROPRIETARY — USE PURSUANT TO COMPANY INSTRUCTION
Quelques chiffres
59,1 Eoctets/mois
= 22 To/s = 176 Tbits/s
Trafic IP mondial (Eo/mois)
Source : Cisco Visual Networking Index
Dernier record en date
des Bell Labs :
31 Tbits/s sur 7200km
Ph. Jennevé, 2013
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Q'.4&/"A"L@)&'"s@).I%"6/3m'4\@2F"125/Z"
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0.0%
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1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
4.0%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Percentage of total worldwide
electricity consumption
Electricity consumption in
communication networks (TWh/y)
Customer premises equipment
Office networks
Telecom operator networks
Share of total electricity consump"on
Fig. 3. Worldwide use phase electricity consumption of communication networks (columns,
left axis) and share of networks in total worldwide electricity consumption (dotted line,
right axis).
communication networks only consumed about 1.3% of worldwide electricity in 2007, their
relative contribution has increased to 1.8% in 2012.
6. Comparison with previous studies
To validate our results we list a number of power consumption values from related studies in
Table 5. The Smart 2020 report [9] estimate for the use phase carbon footprint of telecoms
infrastructure and broadband modems is converted to an electricity consumption value assum-
ing an average worldwide conversion factor of 500 gCO2/kWh [24]. Considering our value for
2012 and the growth rate for 2007-2012, 414 TWh in 2020 seems to be a rather conservative
estimate. The calculation in the Smart 2020 report is based on the assumption that the number
of mobile, fixed and broadband accounts will reach 7 billion in 2020, whereas our subscrip-
tion data suggest that the aggregated number of subscriptions has already exceeded 8 billion in
2012 (see Table 1). In the Smart 2020 report itself, the authors note there is a high degree of
uncertainty in the telecoms figures.
The 2007 value from Malmodin et al. [10] for operator networks is about 25% lower than
our value (assuming offices and retail make up 13% of the value they provide). This difference
can probably be attributed to the fact that they used a different sample and did not distinguish
between fixed broadband and fixed telephony users in their calculation method. Their value
for office networks is similar to our value. For broadband modems their value is significantly
higher than our result (which is 25.1 TWh/y). This is due to the fact that they assume relatively
high per-user power consumption values (9 W per modem plus an additional 9 W per router,
with one router for every two modems).
In a 2011 study by Kilper et al. [6], an estimate is given for the average power per user
for mobile and fixed access, core and metro networks (Fig. 5 in [6]). When we add up these
per-user values and multiply them by our global subscription numbers (mobile and fixed broad-
band, see Table 1), we obtain very high values for the mobile network power consumption in
2007 and 2012. Since we do not know the breakdown of the electricity consumption among
different services, we do not know the power consumption per mobile user in our results, but
we can make a rough estimate based on the electricity consumption and subscription numbers
of the two operators in our sample that offer (almost) exclusively mobile services: China Mo-
bile and Vodafone. The electricity consumption for these mobile operators is between 0.75 and
(C) 2012 OSA 10 December 2012 / Vol. 20, No. 26 / OPTICS EXPRESS B522
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