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chroniques. Elle permettrait au patient de jouer
un rôle plus actif dans la prise en charge de sa
santé, de responsabiliser tous les acteurs de la
santé, et de contribuer à un système de santé
plus viable. Améliorer la HL permettrait égale-
ment une meilleure égalité d’accès aux soins de
santé. L’attention devrait être portée au niveau
communautaire plutôt qu’au niveau individuel.
Il s’agit d’éviter le piège de la responsabilisa-
tion individuelle et de la stigmatisation au lieu
de la reconnaissance d’un problème collectif.
En mettant l’accent sur un déficit de compé-
tences qui serait à l’origine de comportements
peu favorables à la santé, on risque d’oublier
d’autres déterminants sociaux, économiques,
culturels ou environnementaux de la santé.
C’est donc un concept à traiter de façon mul-
tidisciplinaire (santé publique, économie de la
santé, psychologie, sociologie…), avec pour
enjeu commun de faciliter l’autonomisation du
citoyen vis-à-vis de sa santé.
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