Licence 2 Sciences de la Terre 2015-2016
Fiches de détermination à l’œil nu des
minéraux essentiels
MINERAUX SILICATES .................................................................................................................................................... 2
QUARTZ .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2
FELDSPATHS ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Orthose .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Sanidine ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Plagioclases ................................................................................................................................................................... 3
MICAS ................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Biotite (mica noir) ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Muscovite (mica blanc) ................................................................................................................................................. 4
Séricite ........................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Chlorite .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5
AMPHIBOLES ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Amphiboles calciques : les hornblendes ........................................................................................................................ 5
Amphiboles sodiques : le glaucophane ......................................................................................................................... 6
PYROXENES ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Pyroxènes calciques ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
Diopside ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Augite ............................................................................................................................................................................. 7
PERIDOTS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 7
GRENATS ............................................................................................................................................................................. 8
TOURMALINE ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9
LES SILICATES DE METAMORPHISME ................................................................................................................................... 9
Andalousite .................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Sillimanite .................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Disthène ....................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Cordièrite .................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Staurotide .................................................................................................................................................................... 11
MINERAUX NON SILICATES ........................................................................................................................................ 13
HALOGENURES .................................................................................................................................................................. 13
Halite ........................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Sylvite .......................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Fluorine ....................................................................................................................................................................... 13
SULFATES .......................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Barytine ....................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Gypse ........................................................................................................................................................................... 14
CARBONATES .................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Calcite ......................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Dolomite ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Aragonite ..................................................................................................................................................................... 16