prefixes et suffixes

PREFIXES ET/AND SUFFIXES
PREFIXES
Les préfixes se mettent avant le radical d’un mot pour en changer le sens et pour former un mot
nouveau/ A prefix is a group of letters or a word added before a base word to alter its meaning and form
a new word
Principaux prefixes/Main prefixes
inter – (au milieu, lien/between, connection)
counter- (opposition)
dis- (négatif/negative)
fore- (vers l'avant/going ahead)
mis- (de manière fausse/in a wrong way)
un- (négatif/negative)
il-, im-, in-, ir- (négatif/negative)
over- (au-dessus, trop/on, too much)
out- (au-delà, en avant/beyond, ahead)
re- (encore/again)
under (pas assez/not enough)
Exemples/Examples :
un- + certain = uncertain
dis- + appear = disappear
im- + possible = impossible
mis + understand = misunderstand
fore- + ground = foreground
counter- + balance = counterbalance
Il +legal = illegal
over- + work = overwork
out- + look = outlook
under- + pay = underpay
re- + write = rewrite
inter + national = international
SUFFIXES
Contrairement au préfixe, il se place à la fin des mots et permet de transformer/ In contrast, a suffix is a
group of letters added after a word or a base to change :
un nom en autre nom/a noun into another noun
un nom en adjectif /a noun into an adjective
d'un adjectif en adverbe/an adjective into an adverb
d'un nom en verbe/a noun into a verb
d'un adjectif en nom/an adjective into a noun
d'un adjectif en verbe/an adjective into a verb
d'un verbe en nom/a verb into a noun
d'un verbe en adjectif/a verb into an adjective
Suffixes (et sens/and meaning)
dom (territoire, condition/ territory, condition)
ship (qualité, environnement intellectuel/quality,
intellectual environment)
Nouveaux noms/New nouns
King + dom = kingdom
Free + dom= freedom
Friend + ship = Friendship
Hard + ship = Hardship
hood (statut, domaine personnel/status, personnal
area)
ian (une personne qui a une pratique /a person who
practices)
er (une origine, une pratique, un exécutant/an origin,
a practice, a performer)
ism (croyance/belief)
en (matériau, action/material, action)
less (absence de qualité/lack of quality)
ish (traits négatifs/negative features)
ful (présence d’une qualité/with a quality)
al (qualité, action/quality, action)
ly (qualité, manière/quality, manner)
ness (état / condition/condition)
ity (contexte/a context)
ize (action)
ee (situation d’une personne/situation or occupation)
ence (état/state)
able (susceptible d'être/be likely)
ing (caractéristique/characteristic)
ive (caractéristique/characteristic)
Child + hood = Childhood
Likely + hood = Likelihood
Neighbour + hood = Neighbourhood
Music +ian = Musician
Highland + er = Highlander
Chronicle + er = chronicler
Teach + er = teacher
Ideal + ism = idealism
Wood + en = Wooden
Strength + en = Strengthen
Pain + less = Painless
Child + ish = Childish
Care + ful = Careful
Comic + al = Comical
Arrive + al = Arrival
Friend + ly = Friendly
Easy + ly = Easily
Sad + ness = sadness
Actual + ity = Actuality
Legal + ize = legalize
Train + ee = Trainee
Employ + ee = Employee
Exist +ence = Existence
Break + able = Breakable
Amaze +ing = amazing
Create + ive = Creative
Remarque/Notice: on peut utiliser plus d'un suffixe/we can use more than one suffix
care,n. (attention) => careful,adj. (prudent) => carefulness, n. (prudence)
hope, n (espoir) => hopeless, adj. (désespéré) => hopelessness,n. (désespoir)
Exercices/Practice :
Transformez les mots entre ( )/ Change the words in brackets :
1. I can't understand how the ______________________________ (rob) managed to enter the house.
2. Why should a ______________________________ (fear) person be afraid of aliens ?
3. He is a ______________________________ (power) man, he can lift heavy weights.
4. Who do you think is the best ________________(write) of all time? William Shakespeare of course.
5. Bayard, the knight 'without fear and beyond reproach' was called the 'Good Knight' for his ______
(kind)
6. I am exhausted, Phoebe is such a ______________________________ (rest) girl!
7. To make these crumpets you don't need more than two ___________________ (spoon) of sugar.
8. ______________ (happy) is nothing more than good health and a bad memory. (Albert Schweitzer)
9. 3.1415926535... Nobody can write the number
. It has an _____________ (end) list of figures.
10. On July 20, 1969 the expedition to the Moon was ______________________________ (success)
ooOoo
Dans le dialogue qui suit, trouvez le nom, l'adverbe ou l'adjectif correct/in the following dialog, change the
word in brackets into the correct noun, adverb or adjective :
- ' I would like to put my head down on a (comfort) ______________________________ pillow ! '
- 'I suppose you won't help me! You (hard) ______________________________ ever work . '
- 'Don't be so nasty ! (friend) ______________________________ must be our ideal.'
- 'Oh yes! I love this (exist) ______________________________ and Sleepy is my best buddy ! '
- ' Do you mind if I help you ? I will be your (train)______________________________ .'
- ' Your anger is (child) _______________________Grumpy, and Dopey will do his best, I'm sure ! “
- ' You don't (real) ______________________________ that my job is a serious one. '
- 'Never mind ! I need a new (cook) ______________________________ to prepare the meal.
Come with me Dopey, and keep this (sad) ____________________________away from your face! '
ooOoo
Replacer les mots ci-après à la bonne place/Put the following words at the right place : unfortunately disadvantage - underwear - disappear - incorrect - disappointed - uninteresting – underpaid - disagree unemployed - . overslept - overcooked - misunderstanding - international - impatient – outplayed - renew underline - rewrite - overcoat –
1. I didn't read all of the book because I found it _____________________________.
2. Cycling to school has one _______________________. It makes you feel hot and sweaty.
3. Frances had a ticket for the theatre, but _________________________she fell ill that night.
4. Jane can't stand waiting in queues, because she is very _____________________________.
5. My brothers always _____________________________ when it's time to do the washing
6. My teacher underlined the word in red because it was _____________________________.
7. After Bowers lost his job, he was _____________________________ for three months.
8. I'm sorry, but I completely ______________________ with you. I think it was a great film.
9. Because of a _________________________, half the class went to the wrong classroom.
10. Anita felt really _____________________________ when she didn't get the job.
11. My alarm clock didn't go off, and so I _____________________________ this morning.
12. Ted packed some shirts, some _____________________________, and his jeans.
13. You have to go to the __________________________ airport to catch a plane to Spain.
14. It's very cold this morning, so wear your _____________________________.
15. Susan decided to ______________________ all the important words in her German book.
16. Our team was completely _____________________________ by the team from Ireland.
17. I've decided to ______________________ my letter, because I made too many mistakes.
18. Ramon _____________________________ the meat, and it was burnt in places.
19. I have to go to the library today and _____________________________ my ticket.
20. The staff went on strike because they were _______________________ and overworked.