Voir - Decitre

5
e
Anglais
André Michoux
Professeur en collège
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leçon
9
Le prétérit
des verbes irréguliers
c. to / . / years / went / New York / two / my parents / … /
............................................................................................................................................................................................
d. late / : / have / Mum / this / she / was / morning / breakfast / . / … /
............................................................................................................................................................................................
Piste 9
Ce qu’il faut savoir
Écoutez et prononcez
les phrases signalées par B
sur www.bled.hachette-education.com
e. your parents / do / last / ? / what / weekend / … /
• Un certain nombre de verbes ont, au prétérit,
une forme particulière qu’il faut apprendre par cœur.
Cette forme est la même à toutes les personnes.
(Voir la liste des verbes irréguliers et leur traduction p. 65)
B Affirmation
base verbale
prétérit
go
see
take
eat
went
saw
took
ate
B Interrogation
sujet + verbe
I went to the cinema
yesterday.
............................................................................................................................................................................................
aller
voir
prendre
manger
3
a. When did your parents go to London? (last year)
sujet + opérateur + not + verbe
He did not go to the cinema
yesterday.
• Comme pour les verbes réguliers, la marque du prétérit est portée par l’opérateur did aux formes
interrogative et négative.
• Did peut aussi être un verbe lexical :
B What did (opérateur) you do yesterday? Qu’est-ce que tu as fait hier ?
B I did (verbe lexical) my homework. J’ai fait mes devoirs.
• Lorsque l’on met have got au prétérit, got disparaît et have se conjugue comme un verbe lexical.
B Did your parents have a scooter in 1975? Tes parents avaient-ils un scooter en 1975 ?
B They didn’t have a scooter in 1975. Ils n’avaient pas de scooter en 1975.
B They had one in 1980. Ils en avaient un en 1980.
Répondez par des phrases complètes en utilisant les éléments entre parenthèses.
Vous trouverez le prétérit et la traduction des verbes irréguliers p. 65.
What time did you get up yesterday? (10 a.m.) Š I got up at 10 a.m. yesterday.
B Négation
opérateur + sujet + verbe
Did you go to the cinema
yesterday?
............................................................................................................................................................................................
b. Where did John meet his teacher yesterday? (the supermarket)
............................................................................................................................................................................................
c. Who did Helen write to last weekend? (pen-pal*)
............................................................................................................................................................................................
d. What did the children drink this morning? (a cup of tea)
............................................................................................................................................................................................
4
Ago Il y a
Ago suit toujours une expression de temps et un verbe au prétérit.
B I bought a new bike three days ago. J’ai acheté un vélo neuf il y a trois jours.
Posez la question qui permet de trouver l’information manquante.
a. My sister had a quick breakfast this morning because…
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
?
b. I forgot my… in Mum’s car yesterday.
1
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
Complétez en utilisant l’un des mots ci-dessous. Certains pourront servir plusieurs fois.
did
Des exercices progressifs
pour s’entraîner
got up
ate
?
c. Uncle Joe flew to… last weekend.
didn’t
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
a. Peter ............................. fish and chips for lunch yesterday.
?
d. … saw this good film in 1999.
b. ............................. his sister eat fish and chips too?
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
?
c. No, she .............................. She had a salad with an apple.
d. What time ............................. you get up last Sunday?
KEEP IN MIND
e. I ............................. at 11 a.m. because Mum ............................. wake me up.
2
• Le verbe have a parfois le sens de prendre :
have breakfast / lunch prendre son petit déjeuner / son repas (déjeuner)
have a bath prendre un bain
have a drink prendre un verre
Remettez les éléments dans le bon ordre et trouvez le mot manquant.
a. at / you / yesterday / have lunch / ? / school / … /
............................................................................................................................................................................................
Vocabulaire (*) traduit dans Keep in mind.
pen-pal : correspondant(e)
b. yesterday / was / I / ill / . / I / go to school / because / … /
............................................................................................................................................................................................
21
20
tidy (verbe) ranger
tie (nom) cravate
time (nom) 1. temps (qui passe) ; 2. heure ; be on
time être à l’heure
tomorrow (adverbe) demain
tooth (nom) dent
tower (nom) tour ; the Tower of London la Tour
de Londres
traffic (nom) circulation
travel (verbe) voyager
trip (nom) voyage
try (verbe) essayer
twelfth (adjectif) douzième
trousers (nom) pantalon
twice (adverbe) deux fois
U
Un lexique avec
le vocabulaire des leçons
United States (nom propre) the United States
les États-Unis
United Kingdom (nom propre) the United
Kingdom le Royaume-Uni
up (préposition) en haut
upstairs (adverbe) en haut, à l’étage
us (pronom personnel complément) nous
use (verbe) utiliser
useful (adjectif) utile
usually (adverbe) habituellement
V
Valentine’s day (nom propre) la Saint-Valentin
van (nom) camionnette
VCR (nom) magnétoscope
vegetables (nom) légumes
washing-up (nom) vaisselle ; do the washing up
faire la vaisselle
watch (verbe) regarder ; watch TV regarder la
télévision
water (nom) eau ; (verbe) arroser
weather (nom) temps ; the weather is fine il fait
beau
week (nom) semaine ; last week la semaine
dernière ; next week la semaine prochaine
well (adverbe) bien
were / weren’t (voir leçon 8)
what? (mot interrogatif) quel(le)(s) ? ; what a pity!
quel dommage !
when? (mot interrogatif) quand ?
where? (mot interrogatif) où ?
which (voir leçons 22 et 27)
who? (mot interrogatif) qui ?
whose? (mot interrogatif) à qui ?
why? (mot interrogatif) pourquoi ?
window (nom) fenêtre
wine (nom) vin
with (préposition) avec
without (adverbe) sans
woman (nom) femme
women (pluriel de woman)
work (verbe) 1. travailler ; 2. marcher,
fonctionner
world war (nom) guerre mondiale
worse (comparatif de supériorité de bad) pire
worst (superlatif de supériorité de bad) the worst le
/ la / les pire(s)
would / wouldn’t (voir leçon 18)
wrong (adjectif) faux, fausse ; (adverbe) be wrong
avoir tort
Y
W
wait for (verbe) attendre
wake up (verbe) (se) réveiller
Wales (nom propre) pays de Galles
walk (verbe) marcher, (se) promener
was / wasn’t (voir leçon 8) I was born... je suis
né(e)...
Les corrigés
de tous les exercices
year (nom) année, an
yesterday (adverbe) hier
you (pronom personnel complément) t’, te, toi, vous
your (adjectif possessif) ton, ta, tes ; votre
yours (pronom possessif) le(s) tien(s), la (les)
tienne(s) ; le vôtre, la vôtre, les vôtres
yourself (pronom réfléchi) te, t’, toi-même
yourselves (pronom réfléchi) vous, vous-mêmes
72
phonétique
uee
2 a. Yes, I have. b. No, she isn’t. c. Yes, he has.
d. Yes, he is. e. No, they haven’t. f. No, they aren’t.
3 a. Sue’s parents have got three sons. b. Mr Limer
is a policeman. He has got a uniform. c. Eileen is my
friend. She has got two brothers.
4 a. Has he got dark hair and blue eyes? He
hasn’t got dark hair and blue eyes. b. Have schoolchildren got a uniform in Australia? Schoolchildren
haven’t got a uniform in Austalia. c. Are they at
school from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.? They aren’t at school
from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.
5 a. Has your brother got long hair and earrings?
b. Are the crown jewels at the Tower of London?
2
Les noms – Les articles
1 a. I like small tomatoes. b. What are your
favourite hobbies? c. Look at the big mice over
there! d. The dead leaves are under the trees.
2 a. An English pupil has got a uniform.
b. Henry VIII’s wife is in Madame Tussaud’s museum.
c. The baby’s tooth is very small. d. Have you got a
mouse at home? e. The knife is in the dishwasher.
3 a. Really! The news is incredible! b. My two
pairs of jeans are too short. c. What are your
pyjamas made of? d. White mice are very nice.
4 a. My father likes (ø) English sandwiches.
b. The United Kingdom is composed of (ø) England,
(ø) Scotland, (ø) Wales and (ø) Northern Ireland. c.
John’s mother is a nurse. d. The Mensons are our
new neighbours.
5 a. My white trousers are dirty. b. My sister’s
hair is dark. c. French taxis are comfortable and
fast. d. This boy has got long teeth and small feet.
Voyelles
[i]
[ɑ]
La phonétique de l’anglais
avec des exemples de chaque son
[
]
[ɔ]
[ɒ]
[u]
[u]
[]
[]
[e]
[ə]
tea, tree, be
fish
glass
cap, hat
door, horse
dog
spoon, blue
book, put
girl, her
cup, must
head, bed
the, doctor
Consonnes
[b]
[k]
[d]
[f]
[]
[h]
[l]
[m]
[n]
[p]
[r]
[s]
[t]
[v]
[w]
[z]
Diphtongues
[ei]
[ai]
[ɔi]
Liste des verbes irréguliers
[əu]
[au]
[iə]
[eə]
cake, they
eye, time
boy, noisy
coke, home
mouse
beer, here
stairs
[θ]
[ð]
[ʃ]
[tʃ]
[d]
[]
[ŋ]
[j]
bed
car, keep
dog
far, friend
garage
hat, hotel
long
mum
neighbour, knife
parent
read
see
take
vase
win, one
zero
bath
this
shop
cheese
jam
beige
ring
year
2 a. What colour are your uniforms? – They’re
blue. b. Look at those stars! They’re very bright. c.
These policemen are Scottish. They like whisky.
d. What are these horrible insects? They’re spiders.
3 a. He’s forty-two. b. She’s our history teacher.
c. It’s dark. d. He’s from New York.
4 a. What’s your name? b. How old are you?
c. Where’s Mary? d. How are you?
5 a. When is your birthday? b. Have you got a
computer at home? c. Who is that girl at the end
of the street?
4
Les nombres – La date
1 a. 13. b. 14. c. 12th. d. 700. e. 33rd. f. 5th.
g. 7,254.2. h. 60th. i. 2.654
3 a. 1717. b. 2009. c. January 31st, 1681 (ou
31st January, 1681). d. March 2nd, 2003 (ou
2nd March, 2003). e. December 25th (ou 25th
December).
4 a. Louis the fourteenth. b. Edward the third.
c. eighteen out of twenty is a good mark.
5 a. The eighth month of the year is August.
b. Halloween is celebrated on October 31st
(ou 31st October). c. Valentine’s day is celebrated
on February 14th (ou 14th February). d. The
Queen’s birthday is on April 21st (ou 21st April).
5
La possession
1 a. Who is with Helen in the garden? b. Mum is
at the butcher’s because we need meat. c. Whose
glasses are these? d. My parents’ car is out of order.
e. The policemen’s uniform is dark blue.
2 a. Their room is messy. b. Her car is old. c. His
brother is very bright. d. His computer is fast.
Questions – Mots interrogatifs –
This / that
3 a. Mine is old. b. His are made of silk. c. Theirs
is comfortable. d. What about yours? e. Hers are
clean.
4 Is it Peter’s jacket? – Yes, it’s his jacket. I am
sure it’s his. b. Is it your parents’ camera? – Yes.
it’s their camera. I am sure it’s theirs. c. Are they
3
73
verbes
Les verbes irréguliers
be
begin
bring
build
buy
catch
come
cost
cut
do
draw
drink
drive
eat
fall
feed
feel
fight
find
fly
forget
get up
give
go
grow
have
hear
hold
hurt
keep
know
learn
leave
lose
make
meet
pay
put
read [rid]
ride
run
say
see
sell
send
sing
sit
sleep
speak
spend
stand
swim
take
teach
tell
think
understand
wear
win
write
Prétérit
was
began
brought
built
bought
caught
came
cost
cut
did
drew
drank
drove
ate
fell
fed
felt
fought
found
flew
forgot
got up
gave
went
grew
had
heard
held
hurt
kept
knew
learnt
left
lost
made
met
paid
put
read [red]
rode
ran
said
saw
sold
sent
sang
sat
slept
spoke
spent
stood
swam
took
taught
told
thought
understood
wore
won
wrote
64
corrigés
2 a. ninth. b. eighteen. c. one thousand two
hundred and thirty-one. d. fifty-four. e. fiftyfifth. f. nineteen. g. one point eight hundred and
eighty-eight. h. eight hundred. i. twenty thousand.
j. fourteen point twenty-one.
1 a. What colour is your bike? b. Why is John
thirsty? c. Have you got a computer at home?
d. Look at that black cat on the roof!
Base verbale
[i]
Couverture
Conception graphique : Mélissa Chalot
Réalisation : Sylvie Fécamp
Illustration : © maximillion1 / SHUTTERSTOCK
Be – Have got
La phonétique de l’anglais
La transcription phonétique d’un mot (sa prononciation) s’écrit entre crochets.
L’ apostrophe () précède la syllabe qui est accentuée. Par exemple, market s’écrit
[makit] en phonétique.
(base verbale, prétérit, participe passé et traduction)
1
1 a. We’ve got (have got) three new teachers
this year. b. They’re (are) nice. We’re (are) very
pleased. c. Mary is our new neighbour. She’s got
(has got) blue eyes and fair hair. d. Mary and I
are in the same school but we’ve got (have got)
different teachers. e. Is your mother at home?
No, she’s (is) at the cinema with Dad.
Corrigés
lexique
lexique
Un conseil à retenir
et le vocabulaire de la leçon
Participe passé
been
begun
brought
built
bought
caught
come
cost
cut
done
drawn
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
fed
felt
fought
found
flown
forgotten
got up
given
gone
grown
had
heard
held
hurt
kept
known
learnt
left
lost
made
met
paid
put
read [red]
ridden
run
said
seen
sold
sent
sung
sat
slept
spoken
spent
stood
swum
taken
taught
told
thought
understood
worn
won
written
Traduction
être
commencer
apporter
construire
acheter
attraper
venir
coûter
couper
faire
dessiner
boire
conduire
manger
tomber
nourrir
(se) sentir, ressentir
combattre, se battre
trouver
voler (avion)
oublier
se lever
donner
aller
grandir, pousser
avoir
entendre
tenir
blesser, (se) faire mal
garder
savoir, connaître
apprendre
partir, quitter
perdre
faire, fabriquer
rencontrer
payer
mettre
lire
faire du cheval / vélo
courir
dire
voir
vendre
envoyer
chanter
être assis
dormir
parler
passer, dépenser
être debout
nager
prendre
enseigner
dire, raconter
penser
comprendre
porter (vêtement)
gagner
écrire
65
Intérieur
Conception graphique : SG Création
Mise en page :
Illustrations : Brunor
www.bled.hachette-education.com
© HACHETTE LIVRE 2016, 58, rue Jean-Bleuzen, CS70007, 92178 Vanves Cedex
ISBN : 978-2-01-290366-1
Tous droits de traduction, de reproduction et d’adaptation réservés pour tous pays.
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Chaque fois que vous avez fini une leçon,
cochez la case, puis écrivez la date.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Be – Have got
4
............................................
Les noms – Les articles
6
............................................
Questions – Mots interrogatifs – This / that
8
............................................
Les nombres – La date
10
............................................
La possession
12
............................................
Le présent simple
14
............................................
Le présent continu : be + V-ing
16
............................................
Le prétérit de be et des verbes réguliers
18
............................................
Le prétérit des verbes irréguliers
20
............................................
Le prétérit be + V-ing
22
............................................
Les pronoms personnels – Les pronoms réfléchis
24
............................................
Can – Le degré de compétence
26
............................................
Must / Have to
28
............................................
Possibilité et obligation au passé
30
............................................
L’expression du futur
32
............................................
There + be
34
............................................
Some / any et leur composés
36
............................................
Base verbale + -ing – To + base verbale
38
............................................
Les question tags
40
............................................
Les quantifieurs
42
............................................
Les phrases exclamatives
44
............................................
Les pronoms relatifs
46
............................................
L’impératif – La suggestion
48
............................................
Le comparatif
50
............................................
Le superlatif – Les adjectifs composés
52
............................................
If / When + présent – Les noms composés
54
............................................
Which…? – One / Ones – How…?
56
............................................
Prépositions – Adverbes
58
............................................
May / Might – Need / Needn’t
60
............................................
Le present perfect – Le passé récent
62
............................................
La phonétique de l’anglais
64
Les verbes irréguliers
65
Nombres ordinaux et cardinaux
66
Lexique
67
Corrigés
73
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1
Be – Have got
Piste 1
Conjugaison de be
Be (être) a trois formes au présent : am, is et are.
Affirmation
I am…
you are…
he / she / it is…
we / you / they are…
Interrogation
Négation
am I…?
are you…?
is he / she / it…?
are we / you / they…?
I am not…
you are not…
he / she / it is not…
we / you / they are not…
Formes contractées
Affirmation
I’m
he / she / it’s
we / you / they’re
Négation
I’m not
he / she / it’s not (ou isn’t)
we / you / they’re not (ou aren’t)
On n’emploie pas la forme contractée quand be est le premier ou le dernier mot de la phrase.
Réponses brèves
B Is John English? – Yes, he is.
B Are the boys at school? – No, they aren’t (ou No, they’re not).
Conjugaison de have got
Have got (avoir) sert à exprimer la possession ou à parler d’un lien de parenté. Il a deux formes au
présent : have got et has got.
Affirmation
I have got…
you have got…
he / she / it has got…
we / you / they have got
Interrogation
have I got…?
have you got…?
has he / she / it got…?
have we / you / they got…?
Négation
I have not got…
you have not got…
he / she / it has not got…
we / you / they have not got…
Formes contractées
On peut contracter have / has s’ils ne sont pas les premiers ou les derniers mots d’une phrase.
Affirmation
I’ve got
he / she / it’s got
we / you / they’ve got
Négation
I haven’t got
he / she / it hasn’t got
we / you / they haven’t got
’s est donc la contraction de is ou de has. Dans ce dernier cas, il est souvent suivi de got.
Réponses brèves
B Have you got a computer? – Yes, I have / No, I haven’t.
B Has Peter got a mobile phone? – Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t
1
Complétez par la forme de be ou de have qui convient.
a. We ....................... got three new teachers this year.
b. They ....................... nice. We ....................... very pleased.
c. Mary ....................... our new neighbour*. She ....................... got blue eyes and fair hair.
d. Mary and I ....................... in the same school but we ....................... got different teachers.
e. ....................... your mother at home? No, she ....................... at the cinema with Dad.
4
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2
3
Répondez aux questions suivantes en utilisant des réponses brèves.
a. Have you got a new schoolbag?
– Yes, ...................................................................................
b. Is your brother’s girlfriend* blond?
– No, ....................................................................................
c. Has your uncle got short hair?
– Yes, ...................................................................................
d. Is your cousin John tall* and strong?
– Yes, ...................................................................................
e. Have your parents got an old car?
– No, ....................................................................................
f. Are the children upstairs*?
– No, ....................................................................................
Mettez les éléments dans l’ordre pour retrouver les phrases correctes.
a. parents / have / . / three / Sue’s /sons / got /
............................................................................................................................................................................................
b. Mr Limer / . / a policeman / . / is / got / has / uniform / a / he /
............................................................................................................................................................................................
c. Eileen / friend / . / is / my / she / two / got / brothers / . / has /
............................................................................................................................................................................................
4
Mettez chacune des phrases à la forme interrogative, puis négative.
a. He’s got a new video game. ............................................................................................................. ?
............................................................................................................................................................................................
b. Schoolchildren* have got a uniform in Australia.
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
?
............................................................................................................................................................................................
c. They’re at school from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
?
............................................................................................................................................................................................
5
Comment demanderiez-vous à un Anglais :
a. Ton frère a-t-il les cheveux longs et des boucles d’oreilles* ?
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
?
b. Les joyaux de la couronne* sont-ils à la Tour de Londres* ?
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
?
KEEP IN MIND
crown jewels : joyaux de la couronne
earring : boucle d’oreille
girlfriend : petite amie
neighbour : voisin
schoolchildren : écoliers, élèves
tall : grand
the Tower of London : la Tour de Londres
upstairs : en haut
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