1. Entreprise
  2. Économie
  3. Macroéconomie

Allier 2030

Tรฉlรฉchargement
Ajouter ร  la (aux) collection (s) Ajouter ร  enregistrรฉ
Allier 2030
Un projet poUr le dรฉpartement
Les derniรจres dรฉcennies ont รฉtรฉ marquรฉes par de profonds changements
๎†‹๎†ต๎…๎€ƒ๎„‚๎„ซ๎„ž๎„๎†š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„๎†ต๎…ฏ๎…๎„Ÿ๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎—๎€ƒ๎…ต๎†ต๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ ๎„๎…ฝ-
๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎„ ๎…ต๎„ž๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎…ถ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎„๎…š๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎…๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎…๎†๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฏ๎…๎…ต๎„‚๎†š๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ž๎…ถ๎‡€๎…๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎•๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎„š๎…๎„ฎ๎„๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎‡€๎„‚๎…๎…ฏ๎•๎€ƒ๎„ ๎‡€๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎„จ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎‡€๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„‚๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎™๎€ƒ๎—๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎•๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‹๎†ต๎…๎€ƒ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎†ต๎„ซ๎†Œ๎…๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ต๎†ต๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎„จ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†š๎„‚๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎…ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎„ž๎…ต๎†‰๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎•๎€ƒ
๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎…ฉ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„š๎›๎…š๎†ต๎…๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎„‚๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฉ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฝ๎„ซ๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎‡€๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ-
๎…ถ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎‡€๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎…๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎˜๎€ƒ๎€’๎›๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎‡†๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‹๎†ต๎›๎…๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„‚๎†ต๎†š๎€ƒ
๎„๎„…๎†Ÿ๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎†š๎„ ๎…๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†‰๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎…ต๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎•๎€ƒ๎„š๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎‡€๎…๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ
ร  moyen terme de ce vers quoi notre territoire doit tendre, des oppor-
๎†š๎†ต๎…ถ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ๎†‹๎†ต๎…๎€ƒ๎†๎›๎…ฝ๎†ต๎‡€๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎†ต๎…๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎…ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†‰๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎„ ๎†‹๎†ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„๎†Œ๎„ž๎˜๎€ƒ
๎ž๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎…ฝ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎†š๎„ ๎…๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…๎…ต๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„š๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…๎„‚๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ถ๎†Ÿ๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„จ๎…ฝ๎…๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„ ๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎‡€๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎‡€๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎†๎„‚-
๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎„‚๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎‡€๎…๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎„๎„ ๎…ถ๎„ ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎…ต๎„ ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎„š๎„ž๎†Œ๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎…๎…ถ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎‡€๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†‰๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎•๎€ƒ
๎„‚๎„๎„๎†ต๎„ž๎…๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎…๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†ต๎…ฏ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎˜๎€ƒ๎…๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎‡€๎…ฝ๎†ต๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎… ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎•๎€ƒ๎„๎„‚๎†‰๎„‚๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎…๎…ต๎†‰๎†ต๎…ฏ๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎„š๎‡‡๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ต๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…๎†Ÿ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…ถ๎‡€๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎„๎†Œ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎„๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎˜๎€ƒ๎…๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎†ต๎…š๎„‚๎…-
๎†š๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎…๎„ซ๎†ต๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ ๎†š๎„‚๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎„ž๎†๎†‰๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„ ๎†š๎…š๎…ฝ๎„š๎„ž๎˜๎€ƒ๎จ๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„ ๎†š๎…š๎…ฝ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎„ ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎‡€๎„ž๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎„๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ ๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„‚๎‡€๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎†๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„๎…๎†‰๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎‡‡๎„ž๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎˜๎€ƒ
๎…๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎†Œ๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†ต๎€ƒ๎„‚๎„š๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎†๎…๎…๎…ถ๎„ ๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‹๎†ต๎…๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎…๎†๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎„๎„๎„ž๎†‰๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎„ž๎…ต๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎…๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎‡€๎…๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„ž๎†Ÿ๎†š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎‡‡๎„ž๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎€„๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎•๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†ต๎…๎†๎†๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†Ÿ๎…ถ๎†ต๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎‡€๎…๎‡€๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎จ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„ž๎†Œ๎„จ๎†ต-
๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎ฉ๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„ ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎‡€๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎…ฉ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†š๎„ ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„ ๎†š๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎†š๎†Œ๎†ต๎„๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎˜๎€ƒ๎„๎„‚๎…๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎†š๎€ƒ
๎„จ๎„‚๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†‰๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎„๎†Œ๎„ ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎„จ๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„š๎„‚๎…ต๎…ถ๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ๎จ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ๎‡€๎…๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ๎‡€๎„ž๎†Œ๎†š๎€ƒ๎ฉ๎•๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎‡€๎…ฝ๎†ต๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†๎˜๎€ƒ
๎…๎…ฝ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†‰๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎„๎…š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎„‚๎†ต๎„๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†‰๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†๎…๎†Ÿ๎‡€๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎„‚๎„ฎ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎‡€๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎•๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎„๎†€๎†š๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„ ๎†š๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„ ๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎†š๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ ๎…๎…๎†Ÿ๎…ต๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎…๎„๎…š๎„ž๎†๎†๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‹๎†ต๎…๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎•๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†๎„ž๎…๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ž๎†๎†‰๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎„ ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„š๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎˜๎€ƒ๎€’๎„ž๎†ฉ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎‡€๎…ฝ๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎‡‡๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎†ต๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎…๎„‚๎…๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎„‚๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎…ต๎„‚๎†Œ๎„๎…š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎†š๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎จ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎†Œ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎†๎ฉ๎•๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ž๎‡€๎„ž๎…ถ๎„š๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ ๎†‹๎†ต๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎†‹๎†ต๎…๎€ƒ๎†๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎›๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„‚๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„ ๎†š๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎•๎€ƒ
๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ถ๎„š๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎†‰๎…ฏ๎„ ๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎˜
๎€พ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎‡€๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎†ต๎…ต๎„ž๎†ฉ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎‡€๎…๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†๎†‰๎„ž๎„๎†Ÿ๎‡€๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎€„๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎…ต๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎˜๎€ƒ๎€ฏ๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†๎†๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎†š๎†Œ๎…๎„๎†š๎€ƒ
๎„๎…š๎„‚๎…ต๎†‰๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎†‰๎„ ๎†š๎„ž๎…ถ๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎€’๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎„ž๎…๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎…๎„ ๎…ถ๎„ ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ต๎„‚๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ๎†š๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…๎‡€๎„ž๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎†‰๎„ž๎„๎†Ÿ๎„จ๎•๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎‡€๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎˜๎€ƒ๎€ฏ๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎†Ÿ๎†š๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎„‚๎†š๎•๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„š๎›๎„ž๎…ถ๎…๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎…๎†๎€ƒ๎…๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎†๎„ž๎€ƒ๎‡€๎„ž๎†ต๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ž๎…‡๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎„ž๎…ต๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎…๎„๎†ต๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎„๎†š๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎„๎„‚๎…ฏ๎•๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎†‰๎†Œ๎„Ÿ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎„ ๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎…๎…ถ๎†๎†Ÿ๎†š๎†ต๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎„ž๎‡†๎†‰๎„ž๎†Œ๎†š๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎˜๎€ƒ๎…๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†‰๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎‡†๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎…ต๎„‚๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎†š๎†Œ๎†ต๎„๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎†š๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎„‚๎…ต๎„๎…๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎˜๎€ƒ๎€ฏ๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎†๎›๎„‚๎…๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎†ต๎…ต๎„ž๎†ฉ๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ
๎†Œ๎„ ๎…‡๎„ž๎‡†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎„๎†Ÿ๎‡€๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ ๎„๎…š๎„‚๎…ถ๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†š๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎˜๎€ƒ๎…๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎‡€๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†Ÿ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎„‚๎†ฉ๎†Œ๎„‚๎„๎†Ÿ๎‡€๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎…ต๎…๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†๎†๎„ ๎„š๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎†š๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†š๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ๎—๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎†๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†๎€ƒ๎‡€๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎†๎˜๎€ƒ๎€ฏ๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎†๎›๎„‚๎…๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†๎„‚๎…๎†๎…๎†Œ๎•๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…๎„๎„ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…๎…ถ๎…๎†Ÿ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎‡€๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎„๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„ ๎„š๎„ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎†š๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†‰๎„Ÿ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎†ต๎…ถ๎†๎˜๎€ƒ๎€’๎›๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†š๎˜๎€ƒ
๎€บ๎„ž๎„‚๎…ถ๎ฒ๎—๎„‚๎†ต๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎€˜๎จ๎€ฆ๎š๎€๎€ง๎…๎€œ
Prรฉsident du Conseil gรฉnรฉral de lโ€™Allier
EDITO
๎€ฏ๎˜๎€ƒ๎€ž๎€พ๎€ž๎„๎€œ๎…๎ค๎ž๎€ƒ๎€˜๎€œ๎€ƒ๎€˜๎€ฏ๎€„๎€ง๎…๎‹๎ž๎ค๎€ฏ๎€’ p 04
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€พ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„ž๎†Œ๎„๎„ž๎†‰๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎€„๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎†๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎†
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€„๎†š๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„‚๎…๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎†๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š
๎€ฏ๎€ฏ๎˜๎€ƒ๎—๎š๎€ž๎€„๎„๎€‘๎จ๎€พ๎€œ๎€ƒ๎€œ๎ค๎€ƒ๎€ž๎€พ๎€ž๎„๎€œ๎…๎ค๎ž๎€ƒ๎€˜๎€œ๎€ƒ๎€’๎‹๎…๎ค๎€œ๎น๎ค๎€œ p 06
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎จ๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„ ๎†š๎…š๎…ฝ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†Ÿ๎…ถ๎†ต๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†‰๎†ต๎…๎†๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ด
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎จ๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎„‚๎…ถ๎…๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎…ถ๎‡€๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€˜๎›๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎…๎†๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†๎…๎†Ÿ๎„จ๎†๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†š๎†
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€พ๎›๎…๎…ถ๎…๎„ ๎…ถ๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†ต๎ฒ๎„๎…ฏ๎„ ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎„๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎†‰๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎„๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎„ ๎‡€๎„‚๎…ฏ๎†ต๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ž๎„ธ๎„๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…๎†Ÿ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†ต๎„๎…ฏ๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎†
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎š๎„ž๎…ถ๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎„๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎…๎…ต๎†‰๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎…๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†
๎€ฏ๎€ฏ๎€ฏ๎˜๎€ƒ๎€ฌ๎€„๎€‘๎€ฏ๎ค๎€œ๎š๎€ƒ๎€˜๎จ๎š๎€„๎€‘๎€พ๎€œ๎„๎€œ๎…๎ค๎€ƒ๎€พ๎›๎€„๎€พ๎€พ๎€ฏ๎€œ๎š p 12
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€˜๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎†š
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎š๎„ž๎‡€๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎„๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎ฒ๎„๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎…๎†
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎—๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†๎„๎…š๎„ ๎…ต๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„‚๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎‡€๎…๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†ต๎„๎…ฏ๎…๎„
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€˜๎„ ๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†‰๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎„๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎‡Œ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€œ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎†Œ๎…๎…๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…๎†Ÿ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎„‚๎„๎„๎†ต๎„ž๎…๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎†š๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…๎‡€๎„ž๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€’๎„‚๎†‰๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎†๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€พ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†š๎†Œ๎…๎…ต๎…ฝ๎…๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎—๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…๎„š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†Ÿ๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎‡€๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎†๎„ž๎†Œ
๎€ฏ๎ณ๎˜๎€ƒ๎—๎š๎‹๎€˜๎จ๎€ฏ๎š๎€œ๎€ƒ๎€œ๎ค๎€ƒ๎€’๎š๎€ž๎€œ๎š๎€ƒ๎€˜๎€œ๎€ƒ๎€พ๎€„๎€ƒ๎ณ๎€„๎€พ๎€œ๎จ๎š๎€ƒ๎€„๎€บ๎‹๎จ๎ค๎€ž๎€œ๎€ƒ๎€พ๎‹๎€’๎€„๎€พ๎€œ๎„๎€œ๎…๎ค p 22
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎š๎„ž๎…ถ๎„จ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„‚๎„๎„๎„ž๎†๎†๎…๎„๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€˜๎„ ๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†‰๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„๎„‚๎†๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†‰๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎„๎…š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎…ฏ๎…๎„Ÿ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎‹๎†Œ๎…๎„‚๎…ถ๎…๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎…ต๎…๎†๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†‰๎†Œ๎…๎†๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎†Œ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎†๎„‚๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€’๎†Œ๎„ ๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎„๎†Ÿ๎‡€๎…๎†š๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎†ต๎…ต๎„ ๎†Œ๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎—๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„‚๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„จ๎„‚๎‡€๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…๎„š๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€˜๎„ ๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†‰๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎…๎†Œ๎„๎†ต๎…๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎‡†๎…๎…ต๎…๎†š๎„ 
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€œ๎‡†๎†‰๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†Ÿ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎†š๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎…๎†๎†Ÿ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…ต๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎„จ๎„ž๎†๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎„ž๎…๎…๎…ถ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎†๎†ต๎†‰๎„ ๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎—
๎„ž๎…ถ๎„๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ž๎„๎…š๎„ž๎†Œ๎„๎…š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎…๎…ถ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎‡€๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎„ž๎„๎†š๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎„‚๎‡€๎„ž๎…ถ๎…๎†Œ
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎„‚๎‡€๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎„๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ๎…๎…ถ๎„š๎…๎‡€๎…๎„š๎†ต๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ๎‡€๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ž๎…ต๎†‰๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…
๎ณ๎˜๎€ƒ๎ณ๎€ฏ๎ณ๎š๎€œ๎€ƒ๎€œ๎…๎ž๎€œ๎„๎€‘๎€พ๎€œ๎€ƒ๎€œ๎ค๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎€„๎ณ๎‹๎š๎€ฏ๎ž๎€œ๎š๎€ƒ๎€พ๎€„๎€ƒ๎—๎€„๎š๎ค๎€ฏ๎€’๎€ฏ๎—๎€„๎ค๎€ฏ๎‹๎…๎€ƒ๎€’๎€ฏ๎ค๎‹๎บ๎€œ๎…๎…๎€œ p 34
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎š๎„ž๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„‚๎… ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†‰๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎†€๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎‡€๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†๎†๎…ฝ๎„๎…๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎‡€๎„ž
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€˜๎„ ๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†‰๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎†๎„ž๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎„๎…๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎„๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎ž๎‡‡๎†๎†š๎„ ๎…ต๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„๎…๎†‰๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎‡‡๎„ž๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎„ฎ๎…ถ๎…๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…๎†Ÿ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†ต๎„๎…ฏ๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎†
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„ฎ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„‚๎„๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎†‰๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†š๎†
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€˜๎„ ๎„๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎†Œ๎…๎…๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎…š๎„‚๎…ต๎†‰๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…๎„š๎„‚๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎†
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„๎†ต๎…ฏ๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎‡€๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎„‚๎†ฉ๎†Œ๎„‚๎„๎†Ÿ๎‡€๎…๎†š๎„ 
๎ณ๎€ฏ๎˜๎€ƒ๎€’๎‹๎…๎€’๎€พ๎จ๎ž๎€ฏ๎‹๎… p 42
๎€„๎€พ๎€พ๎€ฏ๎€œ๎š๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฏ๎ฌ๎€ƒ๎ป๎€ƒ๎จ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š ๎ป๎€ƒ3
๎ญ๎˜๎€ƒ๎€พ๎€„๎€ƒ๎—๎€œ๎š๎€’๎€œ๎—๎ค๎€ฏ๎‹๎…๎€ƒ๎€˜๎€œ๎€ƒ๎€พ๎›๎€„๎€พ๎€พ๎€ฏ๎€œ๎š๎€ƒ
๎—๎€„๎š๎€ƒ๎ž๎€œ๎ž๎€ƒ๎€ฌ๎€„๎€‘๎€ฏ๎ค๎€„๎…๎ค๎ž
๎ป๎€ƒ๎จ๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎…ต๎„‚๎†Œ๎„๎…š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎†ต๎…ฏ๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ
๎€พ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎€’๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎„ž๎…๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎…๎„ ๎…ถ๎„ ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†‰๎†ต๎…๎†๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ด๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ-
๎†š๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„‚๎…ฏ๎€ƒ ๎‡€๎…๎†๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ถ๎„จ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎›๎„‚๎†ฉ๎†Œ๎„‚๎„๎†Ÿ๎‡€๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎…ถ๎†Œ๎…๎„๎…š๎…๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ญ๎ญ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎…ต๎„‚๎†Œ๎„๎…š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎†š๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎จ๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎†Œ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ๎ฉ๎•๎€ƒ๎‡€๎…๎†๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎„š๎„Ÿ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†‰-
๎†‰๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎„จ๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎‡€๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…ฝ-
๎†Œ๎…๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†๎‡‡๎†๎†š๎„Ÿ๎…ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎„ ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎‡€๎…๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎‡‡๎„ž๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ
๎„๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎…๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„๎„‚๎…ต๎†‰๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎„ฎ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ž๎„๎†ต๎„ž๎…๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎…๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„‚๎‡€๎…๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎€’๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎„ž๎…๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎…๎„ ๎…ถ๎„ ๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎„๎…๎„š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎„‚๎„๎†Œ๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ ๎„š๎…-
๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ญ๎ฏ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎š๎„ž๎…ถ๎„š๎„ž๎‡Œ๎ฒ๎‡€๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎€„๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎พ๎†๎„ ๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎†ต๎…ถ๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎†ต๎„๎…ฏ๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎†Ÿ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ ๎…๎…ถ๎…๎†Ÿ๎„ ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ด๎ฟ๎€ƒ
๎„ƒ๎€ƒ ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…š๎„‚๎†๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎†ต๎…ฏ๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎‡‡๎„ž๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎„จ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…ต๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„š๎›๎„‚๎†š๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†ต๎„๎…ฏ๎…๎„๎†๎˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎„ฎ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎…๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎„š๎†ต๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†š๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎…๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„ ๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ ๎„๎…๎„š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎•๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎…ฉ๎†ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ญ๎ฏ๎•๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ก๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„ž๎†Œ๎ฒ
๎„๎„ž๎†‰๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†ต๎†‰๎†Œ๎„Ÿ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎ฒ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎€ƒ ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎˜๎€ƒ ๎€พ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎„‚๎…ถ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎…๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†‰๎†Œ๎„ ๎†๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎„จ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†ต๎…ฏ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ-
๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…๎†๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ ๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎…ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†๎†š๎†Œ๎†ต๎„๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎›๎„…๎…๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„๎„‚๎†š๎„ ๎…๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎„๎…๎…ฝ๎ฒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎„จ๎„ž๎†๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎ฏ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎…๎…๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…ต๎„ ๎†Œ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎‡Œ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎…๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎…ต๎„ ๎„š๎…๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„š๎…๎†š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎˜๎€ƒ๎€’๎„ž๎†ฉ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ก๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„ ๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎„ ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎…ถ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ค๎„๎‹๎€ƒ๎š๎„ ๎…๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎‡€๎…ฝ๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ ๎…ฏ๎„ ๎†‰๎…š๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎ญer
๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎€ƒ๎…ฉ๎†ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ญ๎ฏ๎˜
๎ป๎€ƒ๎€พ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎€„๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ฉ๎„‚๎„๎…š๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š
๎—๎„‚๎†Œ๎…ต๎…๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ต๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„ ๎†๎†ต๎…ฏ๎†š๎„‚๎†š๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ž๎…ถ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ก๎†š๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎…๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎†๎„จ๎„‚๎„๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎˜๎€ƒ ๎€พ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎€„๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎ด๎ด๎น๎€ƒ ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ž๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ-
๎…ถ๎„‚๎… ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ฉ๎„‚๎„๎…š๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎€„๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎•๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎…๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ
๎†‹๎†ต๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎‡€๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎‡†๎…๎…ต๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎†ต๎ฒ๎„š๎„ž๎…ฏ๎„ƒ๎•๎€ƒ๎„๎›๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ
๎…๎†Œ๎„…๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎†๎†๎…๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†‹๎†ต๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎‡€๎…๎„๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎…ฝ๎„ซ๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎†ต๎…ฏ๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎†๎…๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎†‹๎†ต๎…๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎†Ÿ๎†š๎†ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฏ๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†š๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎˜๎€ƒ๎€’๎„ž๎†ฉ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„ฎ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„ฎ๎†Œ๎…ต๎„ ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎ฒ๎ด๎น๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎„‚๎†Œ๎„‚๎„๎†š๎„Ÿ๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„๎…š๎„‚๎…ถ๎„๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎ณ๎ต๎น๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎›๎„‚๎‡€๎„ž๎…ถ๎…๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎˜๎€ƒ๎จ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†‰๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎†‹๎†ต๎…๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎†‰๎„ž๎…ถ-
๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†๎†๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎„‚๎†ฉ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„จ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„š๎…๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒsine qua non de
๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎†ต๎†๎†๎…๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„‚๎‡€๎„ž๎…ถ๎…๎†Œ๎˜
๎ป๎€ƒ๎€˜๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎…ถ๎„š๎…๎„๎„‚๎†‰๎†๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎†๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„๎„ž๎†Œ๎™๎˜๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ๎Š
๎—๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎ญ๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎•๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎€„๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ๎„๎…๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ž๎…ต๎†‰๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎˜๎€ƒ๎€˜๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„ก๎…ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎•๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…๎…ถ๎„จ๎†Œ๎„‚๎†-
๎†š๎†Œ๎†ต๎„๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„‚๎„๎„๎„ž๎†๎†๎…๎„๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ
๎†๎†‰๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎„ ๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„๎…๎†š๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎˜๎€ƒ๎€’๎›๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎‡€๎„ž-
๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†‰๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‹๎†ต๎…๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†ต๎•๎€ƒ๎„๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎…ฝ๎„๎…ฉ๎„ž๎„๎†Ÿ๎„จ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ
๎„๎…๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎‡€๎…๎‡€๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎‡€๎„‚๎…๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„ก๎…ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎…๎…ถ๎†๎…๎•๎€ƒ
๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎€‘๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…๎†๎€ƒ๎…๎„š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†Ÿ๎„ฎ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…๎…ถ๎„๎…๎†‰๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎ฏ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎‡€๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ ๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†‰๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†Ÿ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ๎—๎€ƒ
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎†Œ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎†๎„‚๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎•๎€ƒ๎†š๎…ฝ๎†ต๎…ฉ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎†๎†๎…๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†๎„ž๎…ถ๎†Ÿ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†ต๎…ฏ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎•๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†š๎„‚๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎†ต๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎•๎€ƒ๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ
๎„ ๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎‡€๎„ž๎„๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎…๎…ถ๎„š๎†ต๎†๎†š๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎…๎…ถ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎‡€๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎พ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ -
๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†‰๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ž๎„๎…š๎„ž๎†Œ๎„๎…š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎„ž๎„๎†š๎„ž๎†ต๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ๎„ ๎…ต๎„ž๎†Œ-
๎…๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎‡†๎„ž๎…ต๎†‰๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎‡€๎„ž๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎ฟ๎•๎€ƒ
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎…ถ๎„ฎ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎‡€๎…๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎พ๎…ฏ๎…๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎‡€๎…๎„ž๎…๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎…๎†-
๎†๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎…๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†ต๎†๎†๎…๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎†ต๎…ถ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฝ๎„ซ๎„ž๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎…ถ๎†ต๎…ต๎„ ๎†Œ๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎ฟ๎˜
๎€พ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎†๎†ต๎…ฏ๎†š๎„‚๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎†ฉ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ก๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ ๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„จ๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ
๎„ƒ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ ๎„๎…š๎„‚๎…ถ๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎‡€๎„ž๎„๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†ต๎…ฏ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†š๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ
๎„๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎‡‡๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎„‚๎…ถ๎…๎†๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎„‚๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎ฒ
๎„Ÿ๎…ต๎„ž
๎€ƒ๎„ ๎„š๎…๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎š๎„ž๎…ถ๎„š๎„ž๎‡Œ๎ฒ๎‡€๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎€„๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฐ๎€ƒ๎†๎„ž๎†‰๎†š๎„ž๎…ต๎„๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎€ƒ
๎„š๎„ ๎„๎„ž๎…ต๎„๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ญ๎ฏ๎˜
I. ร‰Lร‰MENTS
DE DIAGNOSTIC
๎จ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎ป๎€ƒ๎€„๎€พ๎€พ๎€ฏ๎€œ๎š๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฏ๎ฌ
4 ๎ป
๎ฎ๎˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎ค๎‹๎จ๎ค๎ž๎€ƒ๎€œ๎ค๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎€„๎€ฏ๎€‘๎€พ๎€œ๎ž๎ž๎€œ๎ž๎€ƒ๎€˜๎€œ๎€ƒ๎…๎‹๎ค๎š๎€œ๎€ƒ๎€˜๎€ž๎—๎€„๎š๎ค๎€œ๎„๎€œ๎…๎ค
๎ญ๎ญ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†š๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†ต๎„๎…ฏ๎…๎„๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ ๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎„‚๎…ถ๎…๎†๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎„ž๎…ต๎„๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎„ž๎†‰๎†š๎„ž๎…ต๎„๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎‡€๎„ž๎…ต๎„๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ญ๎ฏ๎˜๎€ƒ
๎จ๎…ถ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎†ต๎…ถ๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎†Ÿ๎†š๎†ต๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎›๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎…ฏ๎„ ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ฑ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ ๎„๎„ž๎…ต๎„๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ญ๎ฏ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎„ฎ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„ ๎†๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎†š๎„‚๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ญ๎ฒ๎ฌ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†๎…๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎˜๎€ƒ๎€„๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†š๎…ฝ๎†š๎„‚๎…ฏ๎•๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„Ÿ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎ญ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎ฌ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‹๎†ต๎…๎€ƒ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„๎…๎†‰๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎…๎„๎†ต๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„š๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎„๎†š๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎„๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎€„๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎˜
๎€พ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ ๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎…๎…ถ๎‡€๎…๎†š๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎†๎›๎„ž๎‡†๎†‰๎†Œ๎…๎…ต๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎ฏ๎€ƒ๎†š๎…š๎„Ÿ๎…ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎—๎€ƒ๎€ฌ๎€„๎€‘๎€ฏ๎ค๎€œ๎š๎•๎€ƒ๎—๎š๎‹๎€˜๎จ๎€ฏ๎š๎€œ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎ณ๎€ฏ๎ณ๎š๎€œ๎€ƒ๎€œ๎„๎ž๎€œ๎„๎€‘๎€พ๎€œ๎•๎€ƒ๎„š๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎„ฎ๎…ถ๎…๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎„ž๎†ต๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ก๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎‡‡๎…ถ๎†š๎…š๎„ ๎†Ÿ๎†๎„ ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎†ต๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎—
๎ค๎€ฌ๎€๎„๎€œ ๎€’๎‹๎…๎ž๎ค๎€„๎ค๎ž๎€ƒ๎—๎‹๎ž๎€ฏ๎ค๎€ฏ๎€ฆ๎ž ๎€’๎‹๎…๎ž๎ค๎€„๎ค๎ž๎€ƒ๎…๎€ž๎€ง๎€„๎ค๎€ฏ๎€ฆ๎ž
๎€ฌ๎€„๎€‘๎€ฏ๎ค๎€œ๎š
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…๎‡†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎…๎…ต๎…ต๎…ฝ๎„๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ฉ๎†Œ๎„‚๎„๎†Ÿ๎„จ
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„๎„‚๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎‡€๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‹๎†ต๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎พ๎„ž๎…ถ๎‡€๎…๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎•๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎„‚๎‡‡๎†๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†š๎†Œ๎…๎…ต๎…ฝ๎…๎…ถ๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎…๎„š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†Ÿ๎†š๎„ ๎ฟ
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎…๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎•๎€ƒ
๎…ต๎„ก๎…ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎…๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎›๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎„‚๎†ต๎„๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†‰๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎…๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎‡€๎„ ๎†š๎†ต๎†๎†š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎€ƒ๎‡€๎„‚๎„๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎†
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎†š๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†Ÿ๎†๎†๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„ ๎†Œ๎…๎†‰๎…š๎„ ๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎…๎†
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎…ถ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎‡€๎…๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†ต๎„๎…ฏ๎…๎„๎†
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎€ƒ๎—๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…๎…๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎…๎†ต๎…ฏ๎…๎„Ÿ๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…๎…ถ๎„‚๎„š๎„‚๎†‰๎†š๎„ ๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎„๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„š๎…๎„ธ๎„๎…๎…ฏ๎„ž
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎…ถ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„ ๎„š๎„ž๎„๎…๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎‡€๎…๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎‡†๎…๎…ต๎…๎†š๎„ 
๎—๎š๎‹๎€˜๎จ๎€ฏ๎š๎€œ
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†๎†š๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†š๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†š
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎†‹๎†ต๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎„š๎†ต๎„๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎„๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎†Œ๎„๎…š๎„ ๎†
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎†ต๎…ฏ๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎จ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†Œ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎ฉ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†‰๎„ž๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎„ฎ๎…ฏ๎…๎„Ÿ๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…๎†Ÿ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†š๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎…๎†๎†Ÿ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎†š๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎‡€๎…ฝ๎…๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎‡€๎„ž๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎†
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎†ต๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„‚๎„š๎„‚๎†‰๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ž๎„๎…š๎„ž๎†Œ๎„๎…š๎„ž๎ฌ๎„š๎„ ๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎†‰๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎„‚๎‡€๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎ฒ๎„จ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎„๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎‡€๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎†๎„ž๎†Œ
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ฉ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†š๎†Œ๎„Ÿ๎†๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎†ต๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎„๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎†๎„ž๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎„๎…๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…๎…ถ๎†๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎†๎„จ๎„‚๎…๎†๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎†š๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†Œ๎„ž๎†‰๎†Œ๎…๎†๎„ž๎†
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎…ถ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎‡€๎…๎†๎…๎„๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎†š๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎…๎†๎†Ÿ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎…ฝ๎„ซ๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎†ต๎…ฏ๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎…๎„๎…š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎…๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„จ๎†ต๎†๎„ž
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎…๎†‰๎…ฏ๎†€๎…ต๎„ ๎†
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎…ถ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎…ฝ๎„ซ๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎…š๎„ ๎„๎„ž๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„ž๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎‡€๎…๎†š๎„ž๎†๎†๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎…๎…ถ๎„š๎†ต๎†๎†š๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎„š๎…๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ž๎…ต๎†‰๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…
๎ณ๎€ฏ๎ณ๎š๎€œ๎€ƒ
๎€œ๎…๎ž๎€œ๎„๎€‘๎€พ๎€œ
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎…๎„๎…š๎„ž๎†๎†๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†Ÿ๎†๎†๎†ต๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†๎†๎…ฝ๎„๎…๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎„จ
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ฉ๎†Œ๎„‚๎„๎†Ÿ๎‡€๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎…ฝ๎„ซ๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎†ต๎…ฏ๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†๎†๎…ฝ๎„๎…๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎„จ๎€ƒ๎„š๎…๎„ธ๎„๎…๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†š๎„‚๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ
auprรจs des jeunes
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎…๎…ถ๎„š๎…๎‡€๎…๎„š๎†ต๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†๎…ต๎„ž
๎ฒ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎„ฎ๎„๎…๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎„‚๎†๎†๎…ฝ๎„๎…๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎‡‡๎„ž๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎„๎…๎†๎…๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†
- manque de sens civique
๎€’๎…๎ฒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎†๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎†š๎„‚๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ๎„จ๎†Œ๎„ ๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„๎…๎†š๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎†๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†š๎…š๎„Ÿ๎…ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎—
๎‘…๎€ƒ๎€ฌ๎€„๎€‘๎€ฏ๎ค๎€œ๎š๎€ƒ๎—
๎ค๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†๎†ต๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†š๎†๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎„จ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎„๎„‚๎„š๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎‡€๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎‘๎€ƒ ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…๎†š๎„‚๎†š๎•๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎•๎€ƒ ๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎‡€๎…๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎†ต๎„๎…ฏ๎…๎„๎†๎€ƒ ๎พ๎„ ๎„š๎†ต๎„๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎•๎€ƒ ๎†๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎„ ๎˜๎˜๎˜๎ฟ๎•๎€ƒ ๎†๎„ž๎†Œ-
๎‡€๎…๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†ต๎„๎…ฏ๎…๎„๎€ƒ ๎พ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎†Œ๎„๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„ž๎†Ÿ๎†š๎„ž๎€ƒ
๎„ž๎…ถ๎„จ๎„‚๎…ถ๎„๎„ž๎˜๎˜๎˜๎˜๎ฟ๎•๎€ƒ ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎…ฝ๎„๎…๎…ฏ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎€ƒ
๎พ๎„š๎„ ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎„‚๎„๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎•๎€ƒ ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎…ถ๎†๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎„-
๎†Ÿ๎„จ๎†๎™๎ฟ๎•๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎…ต๎„ ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎„๎„‚๎…ฏ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ-
๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎พ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†š๎†๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ
๎…๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎†ต๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎†๎ฟ๎€ƒ๎˜๎˜๎˜
๎‘…๎€ƒ๎—๎š๎‹๎€˜๎จ๎€ฏ๎š๎€œ๎€ƒ๎—
๎ค๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎†๎†ต๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†š๎†๎€ƒ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎„จ๎†๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ ๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎†‰-
๎†‰๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎›๎„ž๎…ต๎†‰๎…ฏ๎…ฝ๎…๎€ƒ๎‘๎€ƒ
๎…๎…ถ๎„š๎†ต๎†๎†š๎†Œ๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎พ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎„š๎…๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎›๎…๎…ถ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎‡€๎„‚-
๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎ฟ๎•๎€ƒ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…ต๎„ž๎†Œ๎„๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎†๎„‚๎…ถ๎„‚๎†š๎•๎€ƒ ๎„ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ฝ-
๎…ต๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†Œ๎„ ๎†๎…๎„š๎„ž๎…ถ๎†Ÿ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎พ๎„š๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†š๎€ƒ๎†๎„ž๎†Œ๎‡€๎…๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ
๎†‰๎„ž๎†Œ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎ฟ๎•๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎‡€๎„ž๎…ฏ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„จ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…ต๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚-
๎‡€๎„‚๎…๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎พ๎†š๎„ ๎…ฏ๎„ ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎‡€๎„‚๎…๎…ฏ๎•๎€ƒ๎†ต๎†๎„‚๎…๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎†ต๎…ต๎„ ๎†Œ๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎†๎ฟ๎•๎€ƒ
๎„ ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎…ต๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†๎…ฝ๎„๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…๎„š๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ ๎†š๎…ฝ๎†ต-
๎†Œ๎…๎†๎…ต๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ๎„‚๎…๎†Œ๎…๎„๎†ต๎…ฏ๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎˜๎˜๎˜
๎‘…๎€ƒ๎ณ๎€ฏ๎ณ๎š๎€œ๎€ƒ๎€œ๎…๎ž๎€œ๎„๎€‘๎€พ๎€œ๎€ƒ๎—
๎‹๎„ซ๎†Œ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ ๎„๎†ต๎…ฏ๎†š๎†ต๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎‡€๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎„‚๎†๎†๎…ฝ๎„๎…๎„‚-
๎†Ÿ๎‡€๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ ๎†๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎•๎€ƒ ๎†๎…ฝ๎…ฏ๎…๎„š๎„‚๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎†๎•๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎…๎„ž๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎…๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎†Œ๎…๎„ -
๎…ถ๎„ ๎†Œ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎…ฏ๎•๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†Ÿ๎„๎…๎†‰๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎€ƒ ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ ๎…š๎„‚๎„๎…-
๎†š๎„‚๎…ถ๎†š๎†๎€ƒ ๎„ƒ๎€ƒ ๎…ฏ๎„‚๎€ƒ ๎‡€๎…๎„ž๎€ƒ ๎†‰๎†ต๎„๎…ฏ๎…๎†‹๎†ต๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†ต๎…ถ๎„ž๎†๎†๎„ž๎•๎€ƒ
๎„ ๎…๎„‚๎…ฏ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎•๎€ƒ๎„๎…๎†š๎…ฝ๎‡‡๎„ž๎…ถ๎…ถ๎„ž๎†š๎„ ๎™
๎€ฆ๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎„๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎†š๎„‚๎†š๎†๎€ƒ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†๎…๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎„ซ๎„ ๎†Œ๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š๎„ž๎†๎•๎€ƒ๎…ต๎„‚๎…๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎†๎†๎…๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†š๎†Œ๎„‚๎‡€๎„‚๎†ต๎‡†๎€ƒ ๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ๎„‚๎†ต๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฏ๎„‚๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎„‚๎†Ÿ๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎„‚๎…ฏ๎•๎€ƒ๎…ถ๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†๎€ƒ
๎„‚๎‡€๎…ฝ๎…ถ๎†๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎…๎„‚๎…๎„ ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…๎…ฝ๎†Œ๎…๎†š๎„ ๎†๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ž๎…ต๎„‚๎…๎…ถ๎˜
๎€„๎€พ๎€พ๎€ฏ๎€œ๎š๎€ƒ๎ฎ๎ฌ๎ฏ๎ฌ๎€ƒ๎ป๎€ƒ๎จ๎…ถ๎€ƒ๎†‰๎†Œ๎…ฝ๎…ฉ๎„ž๎†š๎€ƒ๎†‰๎…ฝ๎†ต๎†Œ๎€ƒ๎…ฏ๎„ž๎€ƒ๎„š๎„ ๎†‰๎„‚๎†Œ๎†š๎„ž๎…ต๎„ž๎…ถ๎†š ๎ป๎€ƒ๎ฑ
1 / 44 100%
Documents connexes
Version PDF de la page
Version PDF de la page
Retour sur les premières rencontres de lLéconomie et de lLinsertion
Retour sur les premières rencontres de lLéconomie et de lLinsertion
Courrier commun GDS 03 - GDS03 a moulins, votre partenaire
Courrier commun GDS 03 - GDS03 a moulins, votre partenaire
1639 - Voyages adaptés
1639 - Voyages adaptés
Lettre de la Réserve Naturelle Nationale DU VAL D
Lettre de la Réserve Naturelle Nationale DU VAL D
Fiche technique Ombre
Fiche technique Ombre
quelques pistes pour l`exploitation des panneaux d`exposition
quelques pistes pour l`exploitation des panneaux d`exposition
le discours du Président lors de la réunion règlementaire du 2 avril
le discours du Président lors de la réunion règlementaire du 2 avril
Stage détection bactéries imagerie sans lentille 2010 LISA
Stage détection bactéries imagerie sans lentille 2010 LISA
CP - NR au Sénat - Conseil Général de la Nièvre
CP - NR au Sénat - Conseil Général de la Nièvre
« Interactions, Communication, langage : troubles spécifiques
« Interactions, Communication, langage : troubles spécifiques
La catรฉgorie de ce document est-elle correcte?
  1. Entreprise
  2. Économie
  3. Macroéconomie
Merci pour votre participation!

Faire une suggestion

Avez-vous trouvรฉ des erreurs dans l'interface ou les textes ? Ou savez-vous comment amรฉliorer l'interface utilisateur de StudyLib ? N'hรฉsitez pas ร  envoyer vos suggestions. C'est trรจs important pour nous!

Produits
Assistance
© 2013 - 2025 studylibfr.com toutes les autres marques dรฉposรฉes et droits d'auteur sont la propriรฉtรฉ de leurs propriรฉtaires respectifs
GDPR Confidentialitรฉ Conditions d''utilisation