ED BIO SORBONNE PARIS CITE Proposition de sujet de thèse à l’appui d’une demande de contrat doctoral 2016-2017 Renseignements relatifs à l’Unité de Recherche : Label et intitulé : Inserm U941, Génétique des Virus et Pathogénèse des Maladies Virales Nom et prénom du Directeur : CLAVEL François Téléphone : 01 57 27 67 64 Télécopie : Courriel: [email protected] Renseignements relatifs à l’Equipe : Nom de l’Equipe d’Accueil : Evolution et Pathogénèse Virales Nom et prénom du responsable : MAMMANO Fabrizio Qualité du responsable : DR2 Inserm Téléphone : 01 57 27 67 57 Télécopie : Courriel : [email protected] Renseignements relatifs au sujet de thèse : Nom et prénom du Directeur de thèse (HDR) : MAMMANO Fabrizio Qualité : DR2 Inserm Téléphone : 01 57 27 67 57 Télécopie : Courriel : [email protected] Titre du sujet proposé : Réactivation et caractérisation des génomes VIH infectieux issus du réservoir des cellules T Reactivating and characterizing replication-competent HIV genomes from the T-cell reservoir Département (cocher le département correspondant au sujet de thèse qui n’est pas obligatoirement le vôtre) : Biologie Cellulaire et moléculaire, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Immunologie Développement Génétique Neurobiologie et Vieillissement Infectiologie, Microbiologie Summary (5 lines maximum) : Potent antiretroviral treatment successfully suppresses HIV replication in most patients, but is ineffective against transcriptionally silent proviruses that constitute the viral reservoirs. Recent data suggest that viral genomes that do not undergo high-level transcription have higher chances of persisting in the latent reservoir. Our project aims at exploring differences in the intensity of viral latency in patients with different treatment histories. Proposition de sujet de thèse à l’appui d’une demande de contrat doctoral 2016-2017 (L’ensemble de cette fiche ne doit pas dépasser 1 page) Nom, prénom du directeur de l'unité de recherche : CLAVEL François Numéro de l'unité de recherche (et établissement de rattachement) : Inserm U941, Hôpital Saint-Louis Nom, prénom du responsable de l'équipe d'accueil (EAD) : MAMMANO Fabrizio Nom, prénom du directeur de thèse : MAMMANO Fabrizio Titre du sujet de thèse proposé : Reactivating and characterizing replication-competent HIV genomes from the T-cell reservoir Citer 5 mots clés : HIV-1, latency, reservoirs, antiretroviral treatment, persistance Candidat pressenti : OUI NON Contenu scientifique du programme de la thèse (en anglais) One of the main obstacles to HIV cure is the persistence of a large reservoir of integrated HIV genomes in memory CD4 T-cells. This reservoir is established early in the course of the infection in vivo, appears to be insensitive to the action of antiretroviral drugs, and is thought to be the principal source of the resurgence of HIV replication after interruption of antiretroviral treatment (ART). HIV integration is favored in loci of the host genome that are transcriptionally active, a pattern that facilitates optimal expression of HIV following stimulation of T-cells. In quiescent T-cells, however, HIV transcription remains generally silent. In vivo, most T-cell clones are bound to experience some level of antigen-driven stimulation and homeostatic cell division, potentially leading to expression of HIV antigens. Since T-cells in which the expression of HIV antigens is more easily triggered are more likely to be eliminated (by immune responses or intrinsic viral toxicity), it is reasonable to assume that the duration of suppressive ART could lead to the selection of proviruses that are in a state of deeper latency and transcriptional silencing. We propose that the HIV T-cell reservoir must be viewed not only in terms of its size and nature, but also in terms of the depth and intensity of HIV transcriptional silencing. For some latent HIV genomes, transcription could be easy to stimulate through the regular transcriptional activation pathways, such as TCR stimulation. In others, transcription could be intrinsically hindered, and require more potent exogenous stimulation to be relieved. We will test these hypotheses, by comparing the requirements for different stimulations ex vivo for induction and virus outgrowth. We will explore these properties in CD4+ lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of patients with different treatment duration, to elucidate potential associations. Our study aims at disclosing and quantifying the depth of latency, a neglected dimension of the HIV T-cell reservoir. Indiquez les cinq meilleures publications récentes de l’équipe : - HIV cell-to-cell transmission requires the production of infectious virus particles, and does not proceed through Env-mediated fusion pores. Journal of Virology, 2012 (PMID: 22258237). Monel B., Beaumont E., Vendrame D., Schwartz O., Brand D., and Mammano F. - Impact of the HIV integrase genetic context on the phenotypic expression and in vivo emergence of raltegravir resistance mutations. J. of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2014 (PMID: 25336162). Nguyen T.T.N., Rato S. Molina J.M., Clavel F., Delaugerre C., Mammano F. - Quantifying the Antiviral Effect of IFN on HIV-1 Replication in Cell Culture. Scientific Reports (Nature Pub. Group) 2015 (PMID: 26119462). Ikeda H., Godinho-Santos A., Rato S., Vanwalscappel B., Clavel F., Aihara K., Iwami S., Mammano F. - Cell-to-cell infection by HIV contributes over half of virus infection. Elife. 2015 (PMID: 26441404). Iwami S., Takeuchi J.S., Nakaoka S., Mammano F., Clavel F., Inaba H., Kobayashi T., Misawa N., Aihara K., Koyanagi Y, and Sato K. - Kinetics of the establishment of HIV-1 viral interference and comprehensive analysis of the contribution of viral genes. Virology 2016 (PMID: 26499042). Remion A., Delord M., Hance A.J., Saragosti S., and Mammano F.