• Facteurs&favorisants&
! Facteurs&hormonaux!P!&2!)$11$!$(.!%&'(!.4'50+$B!&2!?*4(($(($!$-.*2=-$!'-$!*+13((34-!
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! Facteurs&génétiques!P!)*+,'$-5$!/$!X#@!WYD!8ZG!M!/$(!52(<B!!!X#@!WYR"!8JG>FG!M!/$(!
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! Facteurs&environnementaux&:!3-)$5.34-!63*2&$!8*+.*463*'(![<!4'!:25.+*3$--$!
! Facteur&psychologique!P!(.*$((B!.*2'12.3(1$!2))$5.3)!
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1. Phase&d’initiation&&
#$!1+52-3(1$!/$!/+5&$-50$1$-.!/'!%*45$(('(!%2.04&4?3,'$!*$(.$!3-54--'7!#$!%*$13$*!
+6+-$1$-.!%4'**23.!^.*$!'-$!*+%4-($!3-)&2112.43*$!_!-4-!(%+53)3,'$`!$-!*+%4-($!a!'-!(.31'&'(!
$-54*$!-4-!3/$-.3)3+B!26$5!255'1'&2.34-!&452&$!/$!14-45;.$(E125*4%02?$(!,'3!%*4/'3($-.!/$(!
5;.4C3-$(!%*43-)&2112.43*$(!5411$!&bO#"B!&$!QU\>c!$.!&bO#Z7!#$(!%$%.3/$(!2-.3?+-3,'$(!,'3!
/+5&$-50$*23$-.!(%+53)3,'$1$-.!&2!TY!/$1$'*$-.!3-54--'(7!d-!.$-/!25.'$&&$1$-.!a!3-5*313-$*!/$(!
2'.42-.3?A-$(!(3.'+(!/2-(!&V2*.35'&2.34-!854&&2?A-$!/$!.;%$!JB!%*4.+4?&;52-$(B!%*4.+3-$(!/$!&2!
12.*35$<!23-(3!,'$!/$(!%$%.3/$(!/b4*3?3-$!$L4?A-$B!3(('(!/$!:25.+*3$(!4'!/$!63*'(7!!
!
2. Phase&de&recrutement&et&inflammation&!
#$!%*45$(('(!3-)&2112.43*$!$(.!/4-5!3-3.3+!%2*!&$(!125*4%02?$(7!e$'L>53!54-.*3:'$-.!$-('3.$!
2'!*$5*'.$1$-.!-4-!(%+53)3,'$!/$(!#Q!$.!%4&;-'5&+23*$(!(2-?'3-(B!?*f5$!a!&b25.34-!/$!5;.4C3-$(!a!
25.363.+!503134.25.3,'$!$.!a!&b2'?1$-.2.34-B!%2*!&$!QU\>cB!/$!&b$L%*$((34-!/$(!14&+5'&$(!/V2/0+(34-!
('*!&$(!5$&&'&$(!$-/4.0+&32&$(7!!
#$(!125*4%02?$(!3-.$*2?3(($-.!3-!(3.'!26$5!&$(!#Q!$-!&$'*!%*+($-.2-.!/$(!%$%.3/$(!2-.3?+-3,'$(!
2((453+(!2'L!14&+5'&$(!/'!541%&$L$!12g$'*!/V03(.4541%2.3:3&3.+!8eNX<7!e$..$!25.362.34-!$(.!$-('3.$!
21%&3)3+$!%2*!&$(!#Q!eWDhB!*$(%4-(2:&$(!/b25.362.34-(!5$&&'&23*$(!$-!52(52/$B!/$!&2!%*4/'5.34-!255*'$!
/$!5;.4C3-$(!$.!/$!14&+5'&$(!$))$5.*35$(B!21%&3)32-.!&b3-)&2112.34-!&452&$!$.!%*464,'2-.!/$(!
/$(.*'5.34-(!.3(('&23*$(7!!
!
3. Rôle&des&cytokines&&
!#$(!5;.4C3-$(!%*43-)&2112.43*$(!g4'$-.!'-!*i&$!%2.04?+-3,'$!5&$)!('*!&$(!%*45$(('(!
/b3-)&2112.34-B!/$!%*4&3)+*2.34-!(;-4632&$!$.!/$!/$(.*'5.34-!/'!52*.3&2?$7!O&!$L3(.$!/2-(!&V2*.35'&2.34-!
*0'12.4j/$!'-!/+(+,'3&3:*$!$-.*$!&$(!5;.4C3-$(!a!25.34-!%*43-)&2112.43*$B!5411$!&$!QU\>cB!&bO#"!$.!
&VO#ZB!%*+($-.$(!$-!$L5A(B!$.!&$(!5;.4C3-$(!a!25.34-!2-.3>3-)&2112.43*$B!*$%*+($-.+$(!%2*!&VO#"GB!&VO#DB!
&VO#"FB!&$(!*+5$%.$'*(!(4&':&$(!/'!QU\>k!$.!&b2-.2?4-3(.$!/'!*+5$%.$'*!/$!&V3-.$*&$'C3-$!"!8O#">Y@<B!,'3!
(4-.!%*+($-.(!$-!,'2-.3.+!3-('))3(2-.$!$.!-$!%$'6$-.!:&4,'$*!&V25.34-!/$(!%*$13A*$(7!W$(!5;.4C3-$(!
)264*3(2-.!&V2-?34?$-A($!$.!&2!%*4&3)+*2.34-!5$&&'&23*$!(4-.!+?2&$1$-.!.*4'6+$(!/2-(!&2!1$1:*2-$!
(;-4632&$!P!Ql\>m!8Transforming+Growth+Factor+beta<B!nIl\!8Vascular+Endothelial+Growth+Factor<B!
TWl\!8Platelet+Derived+Growth+Factor<!$.!\l\"!$.!J!8Fibroblast+Growth+Factors+1+and+2<7!e$..$!
2-?34?+-A($!$(.!3-/3(%$-(2:&$!2'!*$5*'.$1$-.!/$(!&;1%045;.$(B!125*4%02?$(!$.!%4&;-'5&+23*$(!
-$'.*4%03&$(!(2-?'3-(7!e$(!5;.4C3-$(!$.!&$'*(!*+5$%.$'*(!(4-.!/$(!53:&$(!.0+*2%$'.3,'$(!
%2*.35'&3A*$1$-.!31%4*.2-.$(7!!
!
4. Rôle&des&lymphocytes&B&!
!W$(!&;1%045;.$(!R!8#R<!(4-.!25.36+(!&452&$1$-.!%2*!&$(!#Q!eWDh7!O&(!($!1'&.3%&3$-.!$.!($!
/3))+*$-53$-.!$-!%&2(145;.$(!,'3!%*4/'3($-.!/$(!311'-4?&4:'&3-$(!%4&;5&4-2&$(!$.!/'!)25.$'*!