Chapitre 10 élève.pages

!
Prérequis):))!"#$$%&'()(*+,'-)
!
!
!"#!$!%&'()*+,!-&).&'/+!01!2&'34&'',.,'(!0,5!/66/),7+5!),6)&013(,1)5!8!6/)4)!0,!+/!619,)(:!
!
!""#$%$&"'()$*+$&,"
!""-,.")$*+$&,."/01*2345,."60*"7,"8,*9,04".%+47,&:"7,."$902*,.",:"7,.":,.%847,.",:"6,*+,;,&:"7,4*"/$&8%$&&,+,&:"
!""<,.")$*+$&,."$90*2,&&,."=$,.:*$>?&,.",:"6*$>,.:5*$&,@"'5:,*+2&,&:"7(5:0:"',"70"8$48),".46,*A82,77,"',"7(4:5*4."
! "<0"'2+2&4%$&"',."8$&8,&:*0%$&.".0&>42&,."',"8,.")$*+$&,."'587,&8),"7,."*?>7,."
!
;#!$!</=()75,!0,!+/!),6)&0134&'!
!
!""B58$&'0%$&"C"&2'0%$&"C",+1*D$&"C"/$,:4."C"6708,&:0"
!""#$%$&"',"8$&:*08,6%$&",:"',"6*$8*50%$&"+5'2807,+,&:"0..2.:5,"
!""-2.%&8%$&",E,:"8$&:*08,6%/"=,+6F8),"70"/58$&'0%$&@"G",E,:"8$&:*0>,.%/"=,+6F8),"70"&2'0%$&@"G",E,:"01$*%/"=0>2:"06*?."70"&2'0%$&"H"
2&:,**46%$&"',">*$..,..,@"
! "I2747,J"62747,"'4"7,&',+02&"=+02."7,."+580&2.+,.")$*+$&04K"'(08%$&"&,".$&:"60."01$*'5.@"
!
;#!$!>..1'7(:!
!
!""L>,&:."60:)$>?&,."=108:5*2,.J"92*4.@"
!""M$&:0+2&0%$&"C"2&/,8%$&"C"0.,6.2,"!"0&%.,6.2,"
"!"#$%$&"'(NOP",:"',"ON-L"
!""QR7,"',."0&%12$%34,."
!""QR7,"'4".D.:?+,"2++4&2:02*,"S"6)0>$8D:$.,"C"0&%>?&,."C",K2.:,&8,"',"7D+6)$8D:,."T"
6*$'48:,4*."'(0&%8$*6."=+02."7,4*".:*48:4*,"&(,.:"60."5:4'25,@"C",K2.:,&8,"',"7D+6)$8D:,."P"
342"572+2&,&:"7,."8,7747,."2&/,8:5,."60*"',."92*4."C"&$%$&"',".5*$6$.2%92:5"C"&$%$&"',"+5+$2*,"
2++4&2:02*,"C"6*2&826,"',"70"90882&0%$&"C",K2.:,&8,"',":,.:."',"'562.:0>,"',"70".5*$6$.2%92:5"
04"UNV"
!
?'!@1&7!3&'575(,!+/!2&'34&''/+7(:!0A1'!6-:'&(B6,!5,C1,+!D!E1,++,5!,'!5&'(!+,5!.&0/+7(:5!3-,F!+AG&..,!,(!+/!H,..,!D!!
!
I / LE CONTROLE NEUROHORMONAL DU PHENOTYPE SEXUEL CHEZ L’HOMME ET LA
FEMME
!"#$%#&'&(%#)*+,-%.#
3A Chapitre 10
!
REGULATION DES CYCLES SEXUELS
/0+.1#2
/0)-#2
!"#$"%$&''$%()
"3#4-((-).#15)*)&'6%7#8#9:#;,<=>+4?6%7#@AJ"8$&:,&4."'0&."',.".:*48:4*,."674*28,774702*,."
&$++5,."B)((-&0(%7#=',"/$7728474."H"6,%:".08@""
!
(%#1<*%();;%4%.6#150.#B)((-&0(%#7%#6,+10-6#;+,#(+#&,)-77+.&%#1%#(5)*)&'6%#8#%6#0.%#
40(C;(-&+C).#1%7#&%((0(%7#B)((-&0(+-,%7#7%#,<;+,C77+.6#%.#;(07-%0,7#&)0&D%7"S""=/$772847,"
.,8$&'02*,"NN@W"
!
-7,."&$D04K"',."8,7747,."',"70"8$48),"8,774702*,"70"674.",K:,*&,"'$&&,&:"4&"0.6,8:"
>*0&47,4K"04"/$772847,"$90*2,&"HX"'($Y"7,"&$+"'(,&.,+17,"',">,+.0()7+##
!
-*%,7#(5%E6<,-%0,F#1%0E#&)0&D%7#GH,%07%7#1%#&%((0(%7#I#6D?/0%#-.6%,.%#%6#%E6%,.%#9'4"
>*,8"0&82,&"Z[\]J"*+,-,"=^"5:42J"1$_:,J"802..,"`@W@"
!
-,."/$772847,."674."'59,7$665.",&8$*,"="'20+?:*,"',"a"b"c"++"d$9$8D:,"S"eJf++g"@"$&:"4&,"
8092:5"8,&:*07,"066,75,"+.6,04#*,+672,"',"72342',"/$77284702*,",:"0660*02..0&:",&:*,"7,."
8,7747,."',">*0&47$.0W"<0"6D?/0%#'#%76":*?."90.8470*2.5,"S"$&"7,."066,77,"2&++731+,5!(,)4/7),5!
6):I/'()/1C!6175!3/J7(/7),5!K/'()/1CL
1

.)"#$"%$&''$%()"!"
#$"/01)2*3"4"
.02$%*"#5)%6$%()
N7"&(D"0"60."'(59$74%$&"',"8,."/$772847,."6$490&:"'0&."7($902*,"F:*,"b"',.".:0',."'2E5*,&:."
=6*2+$*'204K"$4"6*2+02*,."$4".,8$&'02*,.@"090&:"70"641,*:5
.)"#$"/01)2*3"!"#$"
73%8/$0')
T,048$46"'5>5&?*,&:W"<,."/$772847,."8092:02*,."6$4*.429,&:"7,4*"'59,7$66,+,&:W"
!
0:)&1+,.,'(!0,5!()/'52&)./4&'5!/1!3&1)5!0A1'!3B3+,!&J/)7,'!2:.7'7'!K!M!2&++731+&N,'#5,L!!$!
!
OP!8!OP"!$!+/!6-/5,!6):I&J1+/(&7),!&1!2&++731+/7),!
!
9$27&"()0:;#!<"!"(+$=0)"(>(#)".)"?@"A802'<"0%"')0#"68##&(0#)"BBB".50%)"(8+82*)"')".3C)#8//)")*"
$22&C)2$"$0"'*$.)"0#*32&)02".)"68##&(0#)".&*".87&%$%*"/0&'=05&#"/2)%."#)".)''0'"'02"#)'"$0*2)'")%"
/802'0&C$%*"')0#"'8%".3C)#8//)7)%*")%"/23(&/&*$%*"#5$*23'&)"D#$"782*E".)'"$0*2)'"68##&(0#)'"
*)2F$&2)'".3C)#8//3'")%"7,7)"*)7/'"')#8%".)'"73($%&'7)'"*80A802'"!"#53*0.)G"90&'<".)C)%0"
0%"/)0"/#0'"*$2."7H2<"80"68##&(0#)".)".)"I2$$6G"
J)".3C)#8//)7)%*"(822)'/8%."!".)'"7&*8')'".)'"()##0#)'"68##&(0#$&2)'<".)'"'3(23F8%'"$((20)'"
=0)"#58%"C)22$"/#0'"*$2."/$2"#)"68##&(0#)")*"0%)"$0K7)%*$F8%".)".&$7L*2)"4"#$"'*20(*02)"
68##&(0#$&2)"K28''&*G"
!
OP"!,'J7)&'!$!Q+/!6&'(,!&J1+/(&7),R!M!&J1+/4&'!
!
M,"/$772847,"'$+2&0&:"0**29,"b"+0:4*2:5"fh"i$4*."06*?."7,"'514:"'4"8D87,"$90*2,&"='20+?:*,"S"h"
b"j"8+"@"W"
<($9$8D:,".412:".0"6*,+2?*,"'292.2$&"642."27",&:0+,"70"',4K2?+,"S"27"',92,&:"7,"95*2:017,"
>0+?:,"/,+,77,J"$9$8D:,"NN",&"+5:06)0.,"NN"="8,"&(,.:"60."7($947,"342",.:"47:5*2,4*"b"70"
/58$&'0%$&@"
N7",.:"5+2."=,K647.5@"09,8"'4"72342',"/$77284702*,")$*."'4"/$772847,"06*?."*46:4*,"',"70"60*$2"',"
8,742!82"S"8(,.:"7(kUl<LPNk#"+0*340&:"70"A&"',"70"6)0.,"/$77284702*,W"
!
J3K#L#JMN#I#(+#;D+7%#;)76=)*0(+6)-,%#O#(06<+(%#O#;D+7%#10#&),;7#P+0.%#
!
!"06*?."70"*46:4*,"'4"/$772847,"*$+64J"7,."8,7747,."',"70">*0&47$.0".,"8)0*>,&:"'(4&,"
.41.:0&8,"i04&m:*,",:"*,+672..,&:"70"8092:5"'4"/$772847,"S"70"74:52&,"'($Y"7,"&$+"',"6)0.,"
74:507,"S""
!"7,"/$772847,"*$+64"',92,&:"4&"8$*6."i04&,"*,8,90&:"ne"o"'4"'512:".0&>42&"$90*2,&J"7,"8$*6."
i04&,"9$2:".,."8,7747,."'5>5&5*,*",&"A&"',"8D87,""
8,;,"'5>5&5*,.8,&8,"'4"8$*6."i04&,"6*58262:,"',."102..,."',".58*5%$&.",:"7,"'514:"',."
*?>7,.J"4&,"&$49,77,"8$)$*:,"="H",&.,+17,@"',"/$772847,."NNN",&:*,&:",&"8*$2..0&8,"04"8$4*."
'(4&"&$49,04"8D87,W"
!
,:8"WWW",:8"WWW"'4"f
ce"0&.",&"+$D,&&,@"
!
M)7$2=0)'"4""
!
-6,&'0&:":$4:,."8,;,"6)0.,"=fa"i$4*.@"J"0484&"/$772847,"&,"6$4*.42:".0"8*$2..0&8,"
-70"/$&8%$&"'4"8$*6."i04&,"0"6$4*"/$&8%$&"',"+02&:,&2*"7(59,&:4,77,">*$..,..,"
'514:0&:,",&".58*5:0&:"',.".41.:0&8,."=")$*+$&,.@",&"340&%:5"2+6$*:0&:,
/0+.1#2
/0)-#2
2

!
!
!
!
%-,F!(&15!+,5!S)7./(,5!/01+(,5!,(!,'!6/)431+7,)!0/'5!+A,56#3,!-1./7',T!+A/34J7(:!0,!+A&J/7),!,5(!3B3+7@1,!$!&'!6/)+,!0,!
3B3+,!.,'5()1,+!3/)!+,!0:91(!0,5!)#N+,5!K!M!.,'5()1/4&'5L!./)@1,!+/!U'!0A1'!3B3+,!,(!/1557!+,!0:91(!01!517J/'(!
!
=##3"#1/'5!+,5!&)N/',5!&J/7),5!5&'(!6)&017(5!+,5!N/.#(,5!2,.,++,5!K&J&3B(,5!>>L!$!3,1CI37!5&'(!75515!0A1'!&J&3B(,!>!
3&'(,'1!0/'5!1'!2&++731+,T!5()13(1),!.1+43,++1+/7),!8!6+157,1)5!3&13-,5!3,++1+/7),5!6,'0/'(!+/!6-/5,!2&++731+/7),!K6):I
&J1+/(&7),L!V15@1A8!+A&J1+/4&'T!,(!:.75!!/1!P"#!V&1)!01!3B3+,!6/)!&1J,)(1),!0A1'!2&++731+,!0&.7'/'(!0,J,'1!.W)!K&1!
2&++731+,!0,!0,!X)//2L!0/'5!+A1'!0,5!Y!&J/7),5Z!!
!
=Y[!6,'0/'(!+/!6-/5,!+1(:/+,T!+,!),5(,!01!2&++731+,!5,!()/'52&).,!,'!3&)65!V/1',!
!
!
+*+.6#J3K#I"L4"8$4*."'(4&"8D87,J"06*?."7,."*?>7,.J"'0&."f"',."h"$902*,."',"7(0660*,27">5&2:07J"j!a".:*48:4*,."
+47%8,774702*,.J"7,."/$772847,."NNNJ".,"'59,7$66,&:""i4.34(b"8,"34(4&"'(,&:*,",4K"6*58262:,"70"+$*:"',."04:*,.",:"',92,&&,"
'$+2&0&:W"
+0#3K?#P)0,#94-=&'&(%AJ"8(,.:"7($9470%$&"S"7,"/$772847,"'$+2&0&:",.:"6*F:"b"$9475J",.:"+p*"S"4&">0+?:,",.:",K647.5"'0&."70"
:*$+6,"',642."7,"/$772847,"+p*"=066,75"07$*."/$772847,"',"',"q*00/@"S"8(,.:"4&"$9$8D:,"NN"
J3K#L#JMN#I"7,"/$772847,"*$+64"',92,&:"4&"&),;7#P+0.%"342"A&2:"60*"*5>*,..,*",:"'2.60*0_:*,J"8,"342"'587,&8),"7,."*?>7,.J"
6$2&:"',"'560*:"'4"8D87,".4290&:W"
0:)&1+,.,'(!0,5!()/'52&)./4&'5!/1!3&1)5!0A1'!3B3+,!&J/)7,'!2:.7'7'!K!M!2&++731+&N,'#5,L!!$!
!
)#N+,5!KOP!8!O\T!0,!Y!8!\!V&1)5!,'!.&B,'',T!J/)7/9+,L!!M]!1',!3&-&)(,!0,!2&++731+,5!>>>!5,!0:J,+&66,!!KOY!8!O^L!M]!1'!
2&++731+,!0&.7'/'(!6&1)517(!5,1+!5&'!0:J,+&66,.,'(!,(!6)&J&@1,!+A/():57,!0,5!/1(),5!KO^!8!OPYL!M]!7+!0,J7,'(!
6)&N),557J,.,'(!2&++731+,!.W)!/66,+:!2&++731+,!0,!0,!X)//2!!KOPYL!M]!&J1+/4&'!KOP"L!,(!()/'52&)./4&'!01!2&++731+,!
)&.61!,'!3&)65!V/1',!K3/)!3&'(,'/'(!1'!+7@170,!V/1'_(),L!KOP"!8!OY`L#
!
!
S+/'3-,!P!$!a,!3B3+,!&J/)7,'!
!
!
!
!
!
!
.)"#$"/01)2*3"!"#$"
782*
8,..0%$&"',"7(08%92:5"',."8,7747,."$90*2,&&,."60*"5642.,+,&:"S":$4."7,."+580&2.+,."&,".$&:"
60.",&8$*,"57482'5."+02."27".,+17,"34,"'(4&"6$2&:"',"94,"59$74%/J"7$*.34,"70"806082:5"b"
:*0&.+,;*,"7,"92,"8,..,J"2**5+5'2017,+,&:"70".57,8%$&"&0:4*,77,"0>2:"&5>0%9,+,&:".4*"7,"
+02&%,&"',."2&'292'4."342".,"'2*2>,&:"9,*."4&,"65*2$',"',"92,2772..,+,&:"8$&'42.0&:"b"70"
+$*:
/0+.1#2
/0)-#2
3

Q"#$%#&'&(%#06<,-.#1%#(5%.1)4?6,%F#(+#40/0%07%#06<,-.%##
<(4:5*4.",:"7,"8$7"',"7(4:5*4."94.".4*"7,".8)5+0">5&5*07"=M<""',"7(0660*,27">5&2:07@".412..,&:"04"8$4*."'4"8D87,".,K4,7"
+,&.:*4,7"=+,&.4,7@"',.":*0&./$*+0%$&.W"
!
0*320'"H"$*>0&,"b"8092:5"+4.847,4K",:"8*,4K"09,8"4&,"+434,4.,"S"
!
-""0%"70'(#)"b"A1*,."+4.84702*,."H"7,"4')4?6,%"
-"0%)"70=0)0')":062..0&:"70"8092:5""H"7(%.1)4?6,%"
!
E1,++,5!5&'(!3,5!()/'52&)./4&'5!D!
!
/0+.1#2
<6+6#1%#(5%.1)4?6,%
<6+6#1%#(+#>(+-,%#10#&)(
NO"!"N"OP
J3#L#JR#4+E-404#I#,?>(%7#94%.76,0+C).7A"
!
6-/5,!6)&+72:)/4J,!$!
!
I"r602..,4*"',"7(,&'$+?:*,"S"eJj"b"eJc"++J"0..,s"/0217,"06*?."70"A&"
',."*?>7,."=A&"'4"8D87,"6*585',&:"+02."04..2"'514:"'4".4290&:@"
!
!""Q,8$&.%:4%$&"',.">70&',.":414702*,.J"90.8470*2.0%$&"t"
'59,7$66,+,&:"',"70"+434,4.,J"&$+1*,4.,."+434,4.,."',."
8,7747,."10.07,."*,.:0&:,."',"70"+434,4.,"HX"04>+,&:0%$&"',"
7(5602..,4*"i4.34(b"j!a"++"04"+$+,&:"',"7($9470%$&"
088$+60>&5,"'(4&,".%+470%$&"',"70"&).6,+&C(-6<#10#4')4?6,%#
9&+;+#1%#&).6,+&C).AJ"8,"342"/09$*2.,"70"6*$>*,..2$&"',.".6s"7,"fGj"
,K:,*&,"',.":*$+6,.J"72,4"',"70"/58$&'0%$&"=*,&8$&:*,"$947,"u"
.6s"574"f,*
rK2.:,&8,"'(4&,".58*5%$&"
01$&'0&:,"60*"7,."8,7747,."',"70"
60*$2#10#&)(#I#(+#>(+-,%#&%,*-&+(%#
/0-#B),4%#0.#4+-((+>%#I#
!
J3#L#J3S#I#6,?7#7%,,<"17$340&:"
7(,&:*5,"',"7(4:5*4."04K".6s""
!
<0"G(+.&%",.:"70"806082:5"',"70"
>702*,"b"F:*,"5%*5,",&"7$&>."
A70+,&:."570.%34,.W"
:(/(!01!.1315!$!!
!
N"O;Q"4"MLK#)'!
N"R;S"4"T)(<"80"/$'".)"70(0'!
N"OU;O?"D"/23;8C0#$F8%E"4"V/$&'"
)*"(8##$%*<".)C)%$%*"78&%'"
3/$&'")*"/#0'"*2$%'#0(&.)"
!
J3K#I#4+-((+>%#;(07#(T&D%##HX"
60..0>,"6$..217,"',.".6s"06*?."
7(08:,".,K4,7"S"8(,.:"7($9470%$&J"
+$+,&:"$Y"70">*$..,..,",.:"
6$..217,"=f"8)0&8,".4*"a"6$4*"
4&"*066$*:"&$&"6*$:5>5"$4"
.0&."+$D,&"',"8$&:*08,6%$&@"
!
:(/(!01!.1315!$!
!
N"OW;OQ"D8C0#$F8%E"4"K#$&2)"#$"
/#0'"6)2F#)"4"X%<"3#$'F=0)<"
K#&''$%*<"3F2$1#)<")*"(#$&2)4"
X#$%()"7$:&7$#)
4

S+/'3-,!Y!$!!+,!3B3+,!1(:)7'!
,K65*2,&8,."8),s"70"*0:,"S""
k&"8$&.:0:,"34(27"&(D"0"60."',"8D87,"4:5*2&".0&."8D87,"$90*2,&"=,:"&$&"2&9,*.,+,&:@"'$&8"7($902*,"0>2:".4*"7(4:5*4.W"
!
%&..,'(!D!!b,+&'!@1,++,K5L!.&0/+7(:K5L!D!
NOQ"!"N?@
6-/5,!5:3):(&7),!$!!
!"":*0&./$*+0%$&."',.">70&',.J":*?."&$+1*,4.,.J"342"',92,&&,&:"
08%9,.J".58*5:0&:"',.".41.:0&8,."&4:*2%9,."
!""0+672A80%$&"',"70"90.8470*2.0%$&"
!0.6,8:"',&:,75"',"7(,&'$+?:*,"b"5602..,4*"+0K2+07,"S"70"
^"',&:,77,"4:5*2&,"`"
!
9802=08&"()'"78.&X($F8%'"Y"
!
!,&"80."',"/58$&'0%$&J"0..4*,*"7(2+670&:0%$&"t"70".4*92,"
,+1*D$&&02*,"
!.2",77,"&(0"60."72,4J""'5>5&5*,.8,&8,"',"70"+434,4.,"342"
6,*'"ve"o"',".$&"5602..,4*"HX"8,".$&:"7,."*?>7,."=$4"
+,&.:*40%$&.@"342".(088$+60>&,&:"'(4&"58$47,+,&:"
.0&>42&"725"b"70"*46:4*,"',"&$+1*,4K"902..,04K".62*075."
=7,."6,*:,."6,&'0&:"34,734,."i$4*."S"h"b"a@
-L#.)0*%+0#7%,,<#+;,?7#
(5)*0(+C).#
!
:(/(!01!.1315!$!
!
N"OR;?O4"/8'*;8C0#$*8&2)"4"
(8##$%*<"3/$&'!
N"??;?@"4"Z0(0'"')("
!
(>(#)
"<0"+434,4.,"',"7(4:5*4.".412:"',.":*0&./$*+0%$&."6,&'0&:"7,."hv"i$4*."'4"8D87,"$90*2,&"S"$&"60*7,"
',"8D87,"4:5*2&"$4"8D87,"',"7(,&'$+?:*,"S"8,"8D87,",.:"',"+F+,"'4*5,W"
!
=#+*+.6#J3K#I#06*?.#(%7#,?>(%7"=f,*."i$4*."'4"8D87,J"8$**,.6$&'0&:"b"7(572+2&0%$&"'(4&".0&>"w42',",:"
'(4&,"60*%,"',."8,7747,."',"7(,&'$+?:*,@J"(+#40/0%07%#7%#,<<;+-77-6"6$4*"0884,272*"4&"59,&:4,7"
,+1*D$&".2"7,"8D87,",.:"/58$&'0&:"=70"/58$&'0%$&"0",4"72,4@"S"$&"066,77,"8,;,";D+7%#;,)(-B<,+C*%"S"
,77,"8$**,.6$&'"b"',."'292.2$&."',"8,7747,."
=#+;,?7#(%#P)0,#3KJ"4&,"h?+,"6)0.,"0"72,4"'4*0&:"7034,77,"70"+434,4.,"5602..,".,":*0&./$*+,"
,&8$*,"S"(+#*+7&0(+,-7+C).#+0>4%.6%#+-.7-#/0%#(%#.)4H,%#1%#60H%7#&).6)0,.<7#%6#1%#,<7%,*%7#
15<.%,>-%#7)07#B),4%#1%#>('&)>?.%#I#(+#40/0%07%#;,%.1#(5+7;%&6#150.%#1%.6%((%"=.:0',"',"',&:,77,"
4:5*2&,@"i4.34(04K"6*$8)02&,."*?>7,."7$*."'(4&"8D87,".0&."/58$&'0%$&"S"&5%76#(+#;D+7%#1-6%#7<&,<6)-,%U"
<,"6*$8,..4."*,8$++,&8,"7,"+$2.".4290&:"09,8"7,"f,*"i$4*"',."*?>7,.
/0+.1#2
<6+6#1%#(5%.1)4?6,%
<6+6#1%#(+#>(+-,%#10#&)(
5