Résumédesrecherchesde2012à2014
H2O2producedinlargequantitiesinthethyroidhasbeensuspectedtoplayaroleinthe
pathogenesisofnodulesandthyroidcancer.Invitro,physiologicalamountofH2O2areabletocause
similarDNAdamagecomparedwithirradiationandeveninduceRET/PTCrearrangementsfoundin
thevastmajorityofradiation‐inducedthyroidcancers.
DNAdamageinducedbyH2O2hasbeenevaluatedandcomparedtothoseproducedbyirradiation
inathyroidmodelconstitutedbythyrocytesinprimaryculture.WefirstobservedDNAdamage
obtainedaftera1Gyradiationwascomparabletothoseinducedby0.2mMH2O2intermsof
doublestrandbreaksmeasuredbyphosphorylationofhistoneH2AX.Toobtainthesamelevelsof
DNAdamagelowerconcentrationsofH2O2wereneededinothercelllineslikeF208fibroblasts,
immortalizedhumanthyrocyteline,XCGD,andtill10timeslessinT‐cells.Geneexpressionstudy
showedthatT‐cellsandthyrocytesrespondedsimilarlytoirradiationbyanup‐regulationof
apoptosisandDNArepairgenes.Onthecontrary,H2O2treatmentprovokedatotallydifferent
transcriptionalresponseinT‐cellsandinthyrocytes;1000timesmoregenessawtheirexpression
modulatedinT‐cellsthaninthyrocytes.
TheseresultsweresupportedbythefactthatkineticofDNArepairweretotallycomparableafter
irradiationinthetwocelltypesandintheothercellstested;totalrepairwasobservedafter2hours.
TheexpressionofafewgeneswasexclusivelymodulatedbyH2O2inthyrocytes.Amongthemgenes
involvedinthedefenceagainstoxidativestresswereup‐regulatedsuchashemeoxygenase1(OH‐1),
Glutathioneperoxidase2(GPx2),theGPx5,thioredoxinreductase1,Glutamate‐cysteineligase.
GPXenzymeactivitywasincreasedinthyrocytesonehourafterexposuretoH2O2andnotto
irradiation.NoGPXactivitycouldbedetectedinT‐cells.TheactivationofGPXactivitybyH2O2was
specificofthyrocytesinprimaryculturesinceitwasnotobservedindifferentcelllinestested.HO‐1
expressionmeasuredbyRTPCRwasup‐regulatedbyH2O2inthyrocytes4to8hoursafter
treatment,wasnotchangedinT‐cellsandwasincreasedbuttoalesserextentintheothercelllines
comparedtothyrocytes.IrradiationneverchangedtheexpressionofOH‐1.
DNArepairkineticsrevealedthatwhileallcelltypestestedrepairedquickly(within2hours)DNA
damageinducedbyirradiation,DNAdamageinducedbyH2O2wasrepairedmoreslowly(within8
hours)inalltestedcellsexceptinT‐cellswherenorepairoccurred.
WehavealsodemonstratedthatafirstexposureofthyrocytestoH2O2mayweaktherepairprocess
ofthecellafterirradiationorasecondH2O2exposure.Inthesameexperiment,afirstexposureto
irradiationdidnotslowdownDNArepairafterH2O2orasecondirradiation.Thisobservation
stronglysuggestsaninhibitionoftheDNArepairmachineryunderH2O2stress.
AlongthisstudywehavecomparedanddeterminedadifferentresponseofthyrocytestoH2O2and
ɣ‐irradiation.Asweknowthatthemainidentifiedriskfactorofthyroidcancerisatherapeuticɣ‐
irradiationoranaccidentalβ‐irradiationduetoI131exposure,wehavemeasuredandcomparedin
ourinvitroexperimentalmodelofthyrocytesinprimaryculturetheeffectof1to10GyCs137andI131
irradiation.Thelevelsanddegreeofdamagesaredifferent.Lessglobaldamagewasobservedwith
I131buttherelativeproportionofseveredamagewashigher.