Pew Charitable Trusts s’appuie sur le pouvoir de la connaissance pour tenter de résoudre les problèmes les plus complexes de notre époque.
Pew applique une approche analytique rigoureuse pour améliorer les politiques publiques, informer le public et stimuler la vie citoyenne.
Contact :
Matt Rand, directeur, Héritage mondial des océans Adresse électronique: [email protected]g Site web du projet: globaloceanlegacy.org
Notes
1 Camilo Mora et al., «How Many Species Are There on Earth and in the Ocean?», PLOS Biology, vol.9, no8 (2011), e1001127,
doi:10.1371/journal. pbio.1001127.
2 Organisation des Nations unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture, La situation mondiale des pêches et de l’aquaculture: possibilités et défis
(2014), http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3720f.pdf.
3 Murray R. Gregory, «Environmental Implications of Plastic Debris in Marine Settings—Entanglement, Ingestion, Smothering,
Hangers-On, Hitch-Hiking and Alien Invasions», Philosophical Transactions B, vol.364, no1526 (2009), 2013-2025,
doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0265.
4 Organisation de l’ONU pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture, La situation mondiale des pêches et de l’aquaculture.
5 Ibid.
6 Callum M. Roberts et al., « Application of Ecological Criteria in Selecting Marine Reserves and Developing Reserve Networks»,
Ecological
Applications, vol.13, no1, supplément (2003), S215–228, http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/344/1/robertscm5.pdf; et Union
internationale pour la conservation de la nature
, «A Strategy of Innovative Approaches and Recommendations to Enhance
Implementation of Marine Conservation in the Next Decade» (recommandations proposées après le Congrès mondial des parcs,
Sydney, 12-19 nov.2014), http://worldparkscongress.org/downloads/approaches/ThemeM.pdf.
7 Graham J. Edgar et al., «Global Conservation Outcomes Depend on Marine Protected Areas With Five Key Features», Nature, vol.506,
no7487 (2014), 216-220, doi:10.1038/nature13022.
8 Sarah E. Lester et al., «Biological Eects Within No-Take Marine Reserves: A Global Synthesis», Marine Ecology Progress Series,
vol.384 (2009), 33-46, doi:10.3354/meps08029.
9 R.A. Abesamis et G.R. Russ, «Density-Dependent Spillover From a Marine Reserve: Long-Term Evidence», Ecological Applications,
vol.15
(2005), 1798-1812.
10 Hugo B. Harrison et al., «Larval Export From Marine Reserves and the Recruitment Benefit for Fish and Fisheries», Current Biology, vol.22,
no 11 (2012), 1023-1028, doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.04.008.
11 Garry R. Russ et Angel C. Alcala, «Marine Reserves: Long-Term Protection Is Required for Full Recovery of Predatory Fish Populations»,
Oecologia, vol.138, no 4 (2004), 622-627, doi:10.1007/s00442-003-1456-4.
12 Gregory L. Britten et al., «Predator Decline Leads to Decreased Stability in a Coastal Fish Community», Ecology Letters, vol.17, no12
(2014),
1518-1525, doi:10.1111/ele.12354.
13 Jordi Bascompte, Carlos Melian et Enric Sala, «Interaction Strength Combinations and the Overfishing of a Marine Food Web»,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.102, no 15 (2005), 5443-5447, doi:10.1073/pnas.0501562102.
14 G.M.S. Vianna et al., Wanted Dead or Alive? The Relative Value of Reef Sharks as a Fishery and an Ecotourism Asset in Palau (Perth:
Institut australien des sciences de la mer et Université d’Australie-Occidentale
, 2010), http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/
Assets/2011/05/02/Palau_Shark_Tourism.pdf.
15 Peter J. Mumby et al., «Operationalizing the Resilience of Coral Reefs in an Era of Climate Change», Conservation Letters, vol.7, no3
(2014),
176-187, doi:10.1111/conl.12047.
16 F. Ferrario et al., «The Effectiveness of Coral Reefs for Coastal Hazard Risk Reduction and Adaptation», Nature Communications, vol.5,
no3794 (2014), doi:10.1038/ncomms4794.