Smart Grid Taxonomy

Smart Grid Taxonomy
A system view from a grid operator's perspective
VERSION 2.0 beta I 16.06.15

SMART GRID TAXONOMY 2
Credits and contact details
Publisher:
BKW Inc.
Viktoriaplatz 2
CH-3000 Berne 25
[email protected]
The following were involved
in this technical report:
Design, overall responsibility for content: Hauke Basse
Project team: Viktoria Eder, Matthias Fetzner, André Fuchs, Jahn Götzel,
Sebastian Kuppe, Christophe Mortier, Matthew Moy de Vitry, Ivan Schmidt, Yiran Zhang
This report was first published on 30.04.2014.
This edition (version 2.0 beta) was published on 16.06.2015.

SMART GRID TAXONOMY 3
INTRODUCTION
Motivation
“Future electricity grids will be smart”, reports in specialist
press and general media unanimously assert. Distribution
grid operators such as BKW need to know what “Smart
Grid” offers in concrete terms by way of new opportunities
for operating grids safely and efficiently. But what does
the term “Smart Grid” actually mean; What exactly are the
concepts incorporated by “Smart Grid”?
Content
Page 4 of this technical report provides an initial answer
to this question in the form of a "Categorized list of smart
grid concepts" (Concept list). As far as possible, this
covers all internationally known smart grid concepts,
splitting them into their respective categories. The smart
grid elements are distinguished according to their
different types: concepts, concept enablers, concept
goals and the stakeholders setting these goals. This
distinction is clarified in the interactive system diagram as
shown from P. 6. The Glossary on P. 8 and beyond offers
further answers to the initial question. A clear, consistent
and coherent definition is provided for each concept, and
selected enablers and goals, illustrating how they form
part of the system as a whole. Each definition is based on
existing, established definitions, if available.
Target group
This publication is intended for:
- Individuals seeking an overview of Smart Grids: “What
concepts does this keyword cover and what do they
mean?”
The concept list (P. 4) is particularly interesting for such
individuals, as is the glossary (P. 8).
- Individuals who are keen to learn all about Smart Grids:
“What smart grid concepts are available? What are the
differences between such concepts and how can they
be linked together?”
The system diagram (P. 6) and the explanations in the
Appendix (P. 23 onwards) will be relevant to these
individuals, as well as the concept list and glossary.
Glossary
Definition of key terms,
especially concepts
- Short and snappy
- Based on established definitions if
available
- Consistent
Concept List
List of all smart grid concepts
- "Complete"
- From the grid operator's perspective
- Source: Literature searches and survey
Interactive System Diagram
Illustrates the links between concepts
- Not an overview
- Shows the chain linking enablers-
concepts-goals-stakeholders
Smart Grid: A taxonomy from
a grid operator's perspective

SMART GRID TAXONOMY 4
The identified smart grid concepts have been classified
to make them more understandable.
This was carried out from the grid operator's
perspective – other classification systems would also
be conceivable. The "E codes" shown on the right-
hand side of the page provide a permanent point of
reference for the concepts, even if the descriptions
themselves change.
1. EFFICIENT GRID: CONTROL OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY
UNITS (E068)
Consumers (loads)
demand-side response (DSI) [group] (E042)
demand-side response (DSR) (E005)
demand-side management (DSM) (E003)
load shifting (E303) (E301)
utilizing (n-1) reserve for controllable loads (E085)
Producers (DER)
feed-in management (E010)
Prosumers / power flow direction irrelevant
power feed-in limitation (E084)
voltage control via local autonomous feed-in
control P(V) (E316)
power control for prevention of equipment
overloading (E014)
feed-in management with communication (E067)
peak clipping (E324)
2. EFFICIENT GRID: VOLTAGE CONTROL WITH EQUIPMENT
on-load voltage control with VRDT (E041)
voltage control with line voltage regulator (E080)
voltage control with reactive power (E023)
MV voltage range maximization with VRDT (E404)
smart voltage control with HV/MV transformers (E054)
3. EFFICIENT GRID: OTHERS
line monitoring (E017)
optimising voltage quality via power electronics (E072)
power flow management for compliance with grid
limits (E315)
equipment dimensioning based on comprehensive
information (E074)
medium voltage DC networks (E087)
low voltage DC grids (E081)
4. OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT
telecontrol for faster supply restoration (E312)
remote disconnection of DER via frequency
deviation (E325)
smart determination of quality of supply (E307)
pre-emptive rectification of power quality
Categorized list of smart grid concepts

SMART GRID TAXONOMY 5
issues (E078)
power flow management for minimization of
losses (E314)
smart phase symmetry monitoring (E030)
imminent-failure prediction (E028)
outage verification (E046)
fault localisation using local sensors (E070)
self-healing (E015)
supply restoration with DEU (E393)
under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) as
a function of power flow direction (E009)
energy meteorology (E310)
5. FAULT AND PROTECTION
automatic protection adjustment (E016)
smart fault identification (E033)
fault detection on de-energized lines (E034)
smart fault diagnosis (E031)
providing short-circuit power from DER (E399)
operating through grid faults (E403)
6. METER-TO-CASH
remote meter reading (E001)
rapid detection of meter malfunction (E076)
detection of excessive power usage (E077)
detailed response to customer billing queries (E075)
billing control via AMI (E387)
7. FURTHER IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
smart maintenance (E043)
reduction of grid losses by distributed provision
of reactive power (E388)
microgrid (E039)
globally optimized smart grid management (E064)
supergrid (E038)
8. LOAD DEVELOPMENT
(Concepts not or only partially influenceable by the grid
operator, but important for grid development.)
reduction of consumption via smart meters (E331)
conservation voltage reduction (CVR) at
terminal to reduce consumption (E021)
frequency stabilisation via distributed
generators (grid standards) (E082)
sale of reactive power from DEU (E004)
sale of control power from DEU (E055)
maximization of self-consumption (E066)
frequency stabilisation with domestic
appliances P(f) (E047)
valley filling (E302)