plus précocement possible afin d’augmenter la survie comme l’ont
souligné AMATO [4] et MOORE [26]. Il est important de noter par
ailleurs la différence, dans notre étude, de survie entre les patients
ayant pu bénéficier d’une chimiothérapie (13 mois) et ceux traités
par hormonothérapie seule (4,7 mois).
Concernant les perspectives thérapeutiques, l’utilisation d’hormo-
nes neuroendocrines, dont les analogues de la somatostatine, la
bombésine et la sérotonine, semble intéressante [1, 21]. Certaines
sont déjà employées dans les cancers pulmonaires neuroendocrines
à petites cellules.
CONCLUSION
Les cancers neuroendocrines de la prostate ont un pronostique som-
bre. Plusieurs éléments cliniques et paracliniques doivent orienter
vers le diagnostic qui sera confirmé par l’analyse immuno-histochi-
mique et conduire à une prise en charge précoce basée sur la chi-
miothérapie.
REFERENCES
1. ABRAHAMSSON P.A. : Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic carci-
noma. Prostate, 1999 ; 39 : 135-148.
2. ABRAHAMSSON P.A., FALKME S., GRIMELIUS L. : The course of
neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic carcinomas. An immunohisto-
chemical study testing Chromogranin A as an “endocrine marker”. Pathol.
Res. Pact., 1989 ; 185 : 373-380.
3. ALLEN F.J., VAN VELDEN D.J.J., HEYNS C.F. : Are neuroendocrine cells
of practical value as an independent prognostic parameter in prostate can-
cer? Br. J. Urol., 1995 ; 75 : 751-754.
4. AMATO R.J., LOGOTHETIS C.J., HALLINAN R., RO J.Y., SELLA A.,
DEXEUS F.H. : Chemotherapy for small cell carcinoma of prostatic origin.
J. Urol., 1992 ; 147 : 935-937.
5. ATHER M.H., ABBAS F. : Prognostic significance of neuroendocrine diffe-
rentiation in prostate cancer. Eur. Urol. 2000 ; 38 : 535-542.
6. AYGUN C. : Small cell carcinoma of the prostate : a case report and review
of the literature. Md Med. J., 1997 ; 46 : 353-356.
7. BAIRD A.D., CORNFORD P.A., HELLIWELL T., WOOLFENDEN K.A. :
Small cell prostate cancer with anti-Hu positive peripheral neuropathy. J.
Urol. 2002 ; 168 : 192-200.
8. BERRUTI A., DOGLIOTTI L., MOSCA A., BELLINA M., MARI M.,
TORTA M., TARABUZZI R., BOLLITO E., FONTANA D., ANGELI A. :
Circulating neuroendocrine markers in patients with prostate carcinoma.
Cancer 2000 ; 88 : 2590-2597.
9. BONKHOFF H. : Neuroendocrine cells in benign and malignant prostate tis-
sue : morphogenesis, proliferation and androgen receptor status. Prostate,
1998; 18-22.
10. COHEN M.K., ARBER D.A., COFFIELD K.S., KEEGAN G.T., MCCLIN-
TOCK J., SPEIGHTS V.O. : Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic ade-
nocarcinoma and its relationship to tumour progression. Cancer, 1994 ; 74 :
1899-1903.
11. CUSSENOT O., VILLETTE J.M., VALERI A., CARIOU G., DESGRAND-
CHAMPS F., CORTESSE A., MERIA P., TEILLAC P., FIET J., LE DUC
A.: Plasma neuroendocrine markers in patients with benign prostatic hyper-
plasia and prostatic carcinoma. J. Urol., 1996 ; 155 : 1340-1343.
12. DEBRAS B., CHAUTARD D., DELVA R., PABOT DU CHATELARD P.,
GUYETANT S., SORET J.Y. : Small cell carcinoma of the prostate. Com-
plete remission after chemotherapy : a propos of a case. Prog. Urol., 1994 ;
4 : 569-571.
13. DEFTOS L.J., NAKADA S., BURTON D.W., DI SANT’AGNESE P.A.,
COCKETT A.T.K., ABRAHAMSSON P.A. : Immunoassay and immuno-
histology studies of Chromogranin Aas a neuroendocrine marker in patients
with carcinoma of the prostate. Urology, 1996 ; 48 : 58-62.
14. DI SANT’AGNESE P.A. : Neuroendocrine differentiation and prostatic car-
cinoma. The concept ‘’comes of ages’’. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med., 1988 ; 112:
1097-1099.
15. DI SANT’AGNESE P.A. : Neuroendocrine cells of the prostate and neuro-
endocrine differentiation in prostatic carcinoma : a review of morphologic
aspects Urology. 1998 ; 51 : 121-124.
16. FERRERO-POUS M., HERSANT A.M., PECKING A., BRESARD-
LEROY M., PICHON M.F. : Serum Chromogranin-A in advanced prostate
cancer. BJU Int., 2001 ; 88 : 790-796.
17. HELPAP B. : Morphology and therapeutics strategies for neuroendocrine
tumors of the genitourinary tract. Cancer, 2002 ; 95 : 1415-1420.
18. HELPAP B., KLOPPEL G. : Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the prostate and
urinary bladder : a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Virchows Arch.,
2002 ; 440 : 241-248.
19. HELPAP B., KOLLERMANN J. : Undifferentiated carcinoma of the prosta-
te with small cell features. Virchows Arch., 2001 ; 438 : 86-91.
20. HELPAP B., KOLLERMANN J. : Undifferentiated carcinoma of the prosta-
te with small cell features. Immunohistochemical subtyping and reflections
on histogenesis. Virchows Arch., 1999 ; 434 : 385-391.
21. HOOSEIN N.M., LOGOTHETIS C.J., CHUNG L.W. : Differential effects
of peptide hormones bombesin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and soma-
tostatin analog RC-160 on the invasive capacity of the human prostatic cells.
J. Urol., 1993 ; 149 : 1209-1213.
22. ISSHIKI S., AKAKURA K., KOMIYA A., SUZUKI H., KAMIYA N., ITO
H. : Chromogranin A concentration as a serum marker to predict prognosis
after endocrine therapy for prostate cancer. J. Urol., 2002 ; 167 : 512-515.
23. KRIJNEN J.L., JANSSEN P.J., RUIZEVELD DE WINTER J.A., VAN
KRIMPEN H., SCHRODER F.H., VAN DER KWAST T.H. : Do neuro-
endocrine cells in human prostate cancer express androgen receptor ? Histo-
chemistry, 1993 ; 100 : 393-398.
24. LEPINARD V., DAUGE-GEFFROY M.C., DELMAS V., BERTRAND G.,
FONDIMARE A., FETISSOF F. : Neuroendocrine cancers of the prostate.
Prog. Urol., 1993 ; 3 : 86-94.
25. MACKEY J.R., AU H.J., HUGH J. : Genito urinary small cell carcinoma :
determination of clinical and therapeutic factors associated with survival. J.
Urol., 1998 ;159 : 1624-1629.
26. MOORE S.R., REINBERG Y., ZHANG G. : Small cell carcinoma of pro-
state : effectiveness of hormonal versus chemotherapy. Urology, 1992 ; 39 :
411-416.
27. ROBENSTEIN J.H., KATIN M.J., MANGAMOM M. : Small cell anaplas-
tic carcinoma of the prostate : seven new cases : review of the litterature and
discussion of therapeutic strategy. Am. J. Clin. Oncol., 1997 ; 20 : 376-380.
28. SEGAWA N., MORI I., UTSUNOMIYA H., NAKAMURA M., NAKAMU-
RA Y., SHAN L., KAKUDO K., KATSUOKA Y. : Prognostic significance
of neuroendocrine differentiation, proliferation activity and androgen recep-
tor expression in prostate cancer. Pathol. Int., 2001 ; 51 : 452-459.
29. SELLAA., KONICHETZKY M., FLEX D. : Low PSA metastatic androgen-
independent prostatic cancer. Eur. Urol., 2000 ; 38 : 250-254.
____________________
SUMMARY
Neuroendocrine cancer of the prostate. A series of 6 cases.
Introduction: Neuroendocrine cancer of the prostate (NECP) is a rare enti-
ty. Screening for this tumour, although not systematic, may have therapeu-
tic implications. The authors retrospectively evaluated 6 cases of NECP
observed in the department between September 1998 and May 2002.
Material and Methods: The diagnosis was based on immunohistoche-
mical analysis of biopsy fragments with the presence of marked neuro-
endocrine differentiation (minimum 50%). Positive staining for anti-
Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE) and anti-Chromogranin A antibodies
was observed in 5 and 6 cases, respectively, while anti-PSA antibody
labelling was always negative
1343
X. Breton et coll., Progrès en Urologie (2003), 13, 1340-1344