EL5!:!! Atomes,!! Molécules,!! Solides!

J. Belushi 2008!
"#$!%!!
&'()*+,!!
-(./01.*+,!!
2(.34*+!
Emmanuel Dartois
IAS
5(16+!-7!8!"9!:;6'(3+!8!<=><<>7?<@!
Niveau fondamentaux Li2, B2 et C2
5(16+!-7!8!"9!:;6'(3+!8!<=><<>7?<@!
Li2 : (1σg)2 (1σu)2 (2σg)2 !
7A1!
7AB!
7+!7+!
CA1!
CAB!
7D!7D!
<A1!
<AB!
<+!<+!
<π1!
<πB!
<!ΣE
B!
λ=E(18<!
Niveau fondamentaux Li2, B2 et C2
5(16+!-7!8!"9!:;6'(3+!8!<=><<>7?<@!
B2 : (1σg)2 (1σu)2 (2σg)2 (2σu)2 (1πu)2 !
7A1!
7AB!
7+!7+!
CA1!
CAB!
7D!7D!
<A1!
<AB!
<+!<+!
<π1!
<πB!
C!Σ8
B!
λ=E(18<!
Niveau fondamentaux Li2, B2 et C2
5(16+!-7!8!"9!:;6'(3+!8!<=><<>7?<@!

C2 : (1σg)2 (1σu)2 (2σg)2 (2σu)2 (1πu)4!
Niveau fondamentaux Li2, B2 et C2
7A1!
7AB!
7+!7+!
CA1!
CAB!
7D!7D!
<A1!
<AB!
<+!<+!
<π1!
<πB!
<!ΣE
B!
λ=E(18<!
5(16+!-7!8!"9!:;6'(3+!8!<=><<>7?<@!
Population des niveaux rotationnels
FG!H!FIJI&#!9K7GE<L9!*8MGKGE<L>NI!>!O6('!
O6('H!ΣG!K7GE<L9!*8MGKGE<L>NI!!!
Déterminer le niveau le plus peuplé en fct de la température
5(16+!-7!8!"9!:;6'(3+!8!<=><<>7?<@!
Niveaux rotationnels & transitions
Δ"!KGE<⟵GL!!!H!M!KGE<LKGE7L!8!M!GKGE<L!H!7M!KGE<L!!
5(16+!-7!8!"9!:;6'(3+!8!<=><<>7?<@!
5(16+!-7!8!"9!:;6'(3+!8!<=><<>7?<@!

(B2+)* : (1σg)2 (1σu)2 (2σg)2 (2σu)2 (3σg)1 !
7A1!
7AB!
7+!7+!
CA1!
CAB!
7D!7D!
<A1!
<AB!
<+!<+!
<π1!
<πB!
λ=E(18<!
Niveau fondamentaux Li2, B2 et C2
(B2+)* : (1σg)2 (1σu)2 (2σg)2 (2σu)2 (1πg)1 !
(B2+) : (1σg)2 (1σu)2 (2σg)2 (2σu)2 (1πu)1 !
5(16+!-7!8!"9!:;6'(3+!8!<=><<>7?<@!
5(16+!-7!8!"9!:;6'(3+!8!<=><<>7?<@!
Herschel PACS / CO in protostars
-;P(Q!*'!;.9!7?<C!!
GH<R8<C!
GHR@8R$!
5(16+!-7!8!"9!:;6'(3+!8!<=><<>7?<@!
Diagramme rotationnel
-;P(Q!*'!;.9!7?<C!!
GH<R8<C!
GHR@8R$!
FG!H!FIJI&#!9!BG!9!*8"G>I!>!O6('!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!BG!H!K7GE<L!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"G!H!MGKGE<L>N!
5(16+!-7!8!"9!:;6'(3+!8!<=><<>7?<@!

HF
2(PP*P'610N*6!*'!;.9!7?<<!!
#/B*6,!4(P0!M!'6S+!/.*T/!
&!U(6'!
'(1'!4;P+!.*!U(P4;)*P';.!!
V*1'!D*6)*W6*!4*!+13T6*!X7!
MH!7?9$@<!0)8<!
5(16+!-7!8!"9!:;6'(3+!8!<=><<>7?<@!
Distorsion centrifuge
YKGL!H!M!GKGE<L!8!:!G7KGE<L7!E!X!GCKGE<LC!E!Z!!
[P*!U(60*!4*!6;DD*.!3P\1*P0*!.;!6(';](P,!'*6)*+!+1DD./)*P';36*+!
5(16+!-7!8!"9!:;6'(3+!8!<=><<>7?<@!
Molécules polyatomiques
I6(3+!0;'/B(63*+!4*!)(./01.*+!!
^&!H!^M!!!H!!^5! !toupies sphériques!!
^&!_!^M!!!H!!!^5! !toupies symétriques!!!
^&!_!^M!!!_!!!^5 toupies asymétriques!!
C!)()*P'+!4`3P*6]*!^&,!^M!*'!^5!
C!;a*+!D*6D*P4301.;36*+!%!;a*+!D63P03D;1a!! 2Y@!b3N3D*43;!
5(16+!-7!8!"9!:;6'(3+!8!<=><<>7?<@!
Toupies symétriques
7!)()*P'+!4c3P*6]*!43+]P0'+!4;P+!.c/d1;](P!4*!20e6f43PB*6!%!!!
:/gP3](P!4*!7!P()h6*+!d1;P]d1*+!
^&!H!^M!i!^5!!! !&!H!M!j!5!!(h.;'*!'kD*!(16+3P,43+d1*!%!h*PlSP*!
mSB.*+!4*!+/.*0](P%!nG!H!o<!p!nqH!?!
^&!i!^M!H!^5!!! !&!j!M!H!5!D6(.;'*!'kD*!03B;6*!%!D6(DkP*!5XC57X
G!)()*P'!;PB1.;36*!'(';.!!
E!!q!)()*P'!;PB1.;36*!4*!.c;1'6*!;a*!4c3P*6]*!K(h.;'*%5,!D6(.;'*%&L!!
q!H!G,!G8<,!G87,!Z,!?,!Z,!8KG8<L,!8G!
V6(.;'*!YKGL!H!M!GKGE<L!E!K&8MLq7!E!Z!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!;T*0!K&8ML!D(+3]U!!
Jh.;'*!YKGL!H!M!GKGE<L!E!K58MLq7!E!Z!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!;T*0!K58ML!P/B;]U
5(16+!-7!8!"9!:;6'(3+!8!<=><<>7?<@!

Distorsion et termes d’ordre supérieur
YKGL!H!M!GKGE<L!E!K&8MLq7!8!:!G7KGE<L7!E!:Gq!GKGE<Lq78!:q!qRE!Z!!
5(16+!-7!8!"9!:;6'(3+!8!<=><<>7?<@!
Spectres toupies symétriques mSB.*+!4*!+/.*0](P%!nG!H!o<!p!nqH!?!
5(16+!-7!8!"9!:;6'(3+!8!<=><<>7?<@!
Avantage astrophysique de la mesure
des toupies symétriques prolate
:;6'(3+!*'!;.9!7???!!
IN3PHC$or!q !!!!!!! !IN3PH$$o<?!q9!
5(16+!-7!8!"9!:;6'(3+!8!<=><<>7?<@!
Toupies asymétriques
κ!H!K7M!8!&8!5!!L>K&!8!5!L!!!! !8<!KD6(.;'*L!i!κ!i!<!K(h.;'*L!
κ!K5XCJXL!s!8!?9t=!!!! !8<!KD6(.;'*L!i!κ!i!<!K(h.;'*L!
&!H!<7rR=R!-Xl!!
M!H!7R@rt9t=!-Xl!!
5!H!7Cr@t9r?!-Xl!
Paramètre asymétrique
5(16+!-7!8!"9!:;6'(3+!8!<=><<>7?<@!