Consulter le dossier (format pdf)

!
LES!MYTHES!
DOSSIER!RASSEMBLÉ!PAR!YANNICK!THOMAS!
Réflexion!
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!
CONTENU!
* DEFINITION!DU!MYTHE!
* THEMES!DES!MYTHES!
* CE!QUE!REVELENT!LES!MYTHES!
* LES!DIFFERENTS!TYPES!DE!MYTHES!
* MYTHES!POLITIQUES,!SOCIAUX,!RELIGIEUX!
* IMAGES!&!POSTULAT!
* LES!MYTHES!DE!LA!CREATION!

!
!
DEFINITION!DU!MYTHE!
+(!,-./(!0&123.(!43(!/%5.2%0(!5&106(!7!%$!0($&.(!43!6863(,(3.!94%!&!(4!$%(4!'&35!$(!.(,:5!
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'%8%35;!5403&.40($5;!16$(5.(5!24!&5.0&4>)!24!'(5!&8(3.40(5!'4!/6025!'(!$&!.0%=4!"43!B(43(!
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+(!,-./(!125,2H23%94(!(5.!I80&%I!:&01(!94(!$@(>%5.(31(!'4!J23'(!(5.!$C!:240!$(!:0248(0?!
+(!,-./(!'(!$@20%H%3(!(.!'(!$&!,20.!(5.!80&%!&455%!:&01(!94(!$&!,20.&$%.6!'(!$@/2,,(!$(!
:0248(;!(.!&%35%!'(!54%.(?!!
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!
THEME!DES!MYTHES!
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+(5! ,-./(5! 0&123.(3.! 12,,(3.! 43! 6.&.! '(! 1/25(5! (5.! '(8(34! 43! &4.0(;! 12,,(3.! 43!
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%,,20.($5!523.!'(8(345!,20.($5;!12,,(3.!'(!$E43%.6!20%H%3($$(!'(!$E/4,&3%.6!(5.!520.%(!
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<&%.;!%$5!.0&%.(3.!'(5!06&$%.65!'E&4B240'E/4%?!#>(,:$(!N!$(5!,-./(5!1231(03&3.!$E20%H%3(!'(!$&!
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1&0&1.A0(!,20.($!'(!$E/2,,(!:0248(!1$&%0(,(3.?!

!
CE!QUE!REVELENT!LES!MYTHES!
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!
LES!DIFFERENTS!TYPES!DE!MYTHES
A.!Les!mythes!de!création!sans!substrat!préexistant
b(5!,-./(5!'610%8(3.!$&!106&.%23!'4!,23'(!!:&0!$&!:(356(;!$&!:&02$(!24!$E&51A5(!'4!'%(4!
106&.(40?!`&35!1(!1&5;!$E43%8(05!'60%8(!'%0(1.(,(3.!'4!'%(4*106&.(40!5&35!$E&%'(!'E&4143!
&H(3.!(>.60%(40!(.!5&35!54=5.0&.!:06(>%5.&3.?
B.!Les!mythes!cosmogoniques!avec!substrat!préexistant
b(5!,-./(5!.0&%.(3.!'(!$&!106&.%23!'(!$E43%8(05!C!:&0.%0!'E43!54=5.0&.!:06(>%5.&3.!(.!&8(1!
$E&%'(!'E43!&H(3.!(>.60%(40?
&)!M24.(!43(!560%(!'(!,-./(5!5(!06<A0(!C!43(!I!:$23H6(!I!125,2H23%94(?!+(!'%(4!
106&.(40!(382%(!43!&3%,&$!24!43!:(05233&H(!,-./%94(!&4!<23'!'(5!(&4>!:0%,20'%&$(5!
'&35!$(!=4.!94E%$!(3!0&::20.(!43!:(4!'(!=24(;!'23.!$&!.(00(!5(0&!<&%.(?
`&35! =(&4124:! '(! 1&5;! :&0.%14$%A0(,(3.! (3! #402:(! 20%(3.&$(! (.! (3! W5%(! 1(3.0&$(;! 1(5!
:(05233&H(5!5E2::25(3.!&4!106&.(40!(.!&00%8(3.!C!(>(01(0!523!:2482%0!540!$(!,23'(?!+&!
5%H3%<%1&.%23!'(! 1(!'4&$%5,(!1E(5.!94(;! =%(3!94(!1(! :(05233&H(!52%.!$E&4>%$%&%0(! '(!`%(4!
'&35! $&! 106&.%23;! 523! &1.%23! 0(3'! 12,:.(! '(5! %,:(0<(1.%235! '(! $&! 106&.%23! (.! '(!
$E(>%5.(31(!'4!,&$?
=)! Y3(! 560%(! '(! ,-./(5! (>:$%94(! $&! 106&.%23! :&0! $&! '%8%5%23! 'E43(! ,&.%A0(!
:0%,%.%8(!323!'%<<60(31%6(;!52%.!56:&0&.%23!'4!124:$(!:0%,20'%&$!M(00(*b%($;!52%.!106&.%23!
C!:&0.%0!'E43!1/&25!20%H%3($;!52%.!C!:&0.%0!'E43!2(4<!:0%,20'%&$!94%!(3H$2=(!$&!.2.&$%.6!'(!
$EY3%8(05;! 52%.! (3120(! 'E43! 2(4<! <$2..&3.! 540! $(5! (&4>! :0%,20'%&$(5?! `&35! 1(5! '(4>!
'(03%(05!1&5;!$&!106&.%23!12,,(31(!&8(1!$&!'%8%5%23!'(!$E2(4<?
1)!Y3(!560%(!'(!,-./(5!(>:$%94(!$E&1.(!125,2H23%94(!:&0!$(!'6,(,=0(,(3.!'E43!
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*! 12,=&.! 123.0(! 43! ,235.0(! 54%8%! '(! 523! '6,(,=0(,(3.! "M%&,&.! '&35! $&! ,-./2$2H%(!
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C.!Mythes!qui!racontent!les!origines!d’un!animal,!d’une!plante,!d’une!institution
`&35! 1(! 1&5! $E(>%5.(31(! '4! ,23'(! (5.! 54::256(! (.! $(! ,-./(! 0&123.(! $E&::&0%.%23! 'E43!
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,2'($65!540!$(5!,-./(5!125,2H23%94(5?!+E%'6(!<23'&,(3.&$(!(5.!94(!$(!b25,25!%0&%.!C!$&!
04%3(! 5E%$! 3E6.&%.! 06H4$%A0(,(3.! 0(1066! :&0! $&! 16$6=0&.%23! &334($$(! '(! 0%.(5! '(!
06H6360&.%23! 94%! 12,:0(33(3.! (3! :&0.%14$%(0! $&! 061%.&.%23! '(! ,-./(5! '(! 06H6360&.%23!
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!D.!Mythes!qui!racontent!des!cataclysmes

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",-./(!'4!'6$4H(!32.&,,(3.)?!b(5!,-./(5!5(!0(3123.0(3.!:&0.24.;!5&4<!(3!W<0%94(!2G!%$5!
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:2%5523!.%0(!$(!=&.(&4!'(!J&34!B4594EC!43(!,23.&H3(?
E.! Mythes! qui! racontent! comment! l’Être! suprême,! après! avoir! créé! le! monde! et!
l’homme,!les!abandonna!et!se!retira!dans!le!ciel
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'4!,23'(!"W<0%94(???)?
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:&0.%0!'(!$&!H$&%5(;!'(!12:(&4>!'(!=2%5;!24!(3120(!'(!523!:02:0(!5&3H?!V4%5!%$!$(5!(382-&!
540!.(00(;!24!(3120(!1(4>*1%!'(51(3'%0(3.!:&0!/&5&0'!540!.(00(!$(!$23H!'E43(!1/&P3(!24!
'E43(! 120'(?! bE(5.! C! $&! 54%.(! '(! $&! 04:.40(! '(! 1(..(! 16$(5.(;! 860%.&=$(! 120'23! 2,=%$%1&$!
125,%94(;!94(!$(5!/2,,(5!23.!'6<%3%.%8(,(3.!$&%556!'(00%A0(!(4>!$(40!:&0.%(!16$(5.(!5&35!
(5:2%0!%,,6'%&.!'(!0(.240?
#3!K3'(;!&4!'6=4.!&455%!$(5!/2,,(5!(.!$(5!'%(4>!/&=%.&%(3.!(35(,=$(!N
I!H0245="+$5"24$3I"$*"+$5"-)..$5"-0J4*04$9*"$95$.J+$"$9"1$".)92$6"D345"+$5"24$3I=";%K1$"/"
+$3%5"501%4E41$5"0++@%$9*"03"14$+"L"$*"+$5"-)..$5"E3%$9*"0J092)99756"?$3I"834"E)9*"+$5".&.$5"
501%4E41$5" 83M$3I" -0J4*$%)9*" 0(%@5" +0" .)%*" 0'$1" 24$3I" $*" N%0-.K"I! "O(05*0.J0:2-0%.0:
5-K5*%0!d?e?fg?]!)?
F.!Mythes!anthropogoniques
+E/2,,(!&!6.6!1066!'E43(!54=5.&31(!,&.60%($$(;!'(!.(00(!"1/(h!$(5!i204=&5!'4!D%H60%&);!
'E43(!:%(00(!",-./(5!%3'2365%(35!(.!,6$&365%(35);!'E43!&3%,&$!"W5%(!'4!\4'*#5.)?!R4!$(5!
:0(,%(05!/2,,(5!23.!6.6!10665!:&0!$&!M(00(*,A0(!(.!$(!b%($*:A0(!:&0!$(40!43%23!5&106(;!
24!=%(3!:&0!3J$!'%8%3%.6!=%5(>46(?
G.!Mythes!sur!l’origine!de!la!mort
a)!Mythe!mélanésien
W4!'6=4.;!$(5!/2,,(5!3(!,240&%(3.!:&5;!94&3'!%$5!6.&%(3.!jH65;!(.!%$5!B(.&%(3.!$(40!:(&4!
12,,(!$(5!5(0:(3.5!(.!$(5!10&=(5;!(.!0(.0248&%(3.!&%35%!$(40!B(43(55(?!Y3!B240;!43(!<(,,(!
'6BC!jH6(!&$$&!&4! =20'! 'E43(! 0%8%A0(!:240!1/&3H(0!5&!:(&4?!#$$(!(3$(8&!5&!:(&4;!$&! B(.&!
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=0&31/(?!#$$(! 0(.2403&! C!$&! ,&%523;! 2G!($$(! &8&%.! $&%556! 523! (3<&3.?! J&%5;!$E(3<&3.!3(!$&!
0(12334.!:&5;!:06.(3'&3.!94(!5&!,A0(!6.&%.!43(!8%(%$$(!<(,,(!(.!323!43(!B(43(!<%$$(?!V240!
1&$,(0!523!(3<&3.;!($$(!0(.2403&!C!$&!0%8%A0(!(.!0(8F.%.!5&!:(&4!&31%(33(?!W!:&0.%0!'(!1(!
,2,(3.;!$(5!/2,,(5!1(55A0(3.!'(!1/&3H(0!'(!:(&4!(.!,24040(3.?
b)!Mythe!australien!(Wotjobuluk)
W!$E6:294(!.245!$(5!&3%,&4>!6.&%(3.!'(5!/2,,(5!(.!'(5!<(,,(5?!k4&3'!%$5!,240&%(3.;!$&!
$43(!'%5&%.!N!I!0($(8(h*8245!l!I!(.!%$5!0(8(3&%(3.!C!$&!8%(?!J&%5!43!B240!43!8%(%$!'%.!N!I!k4E%$5!
0(5.(3.!,20.5!l!I?!W$205;!:$45!:(05233(!3(!0(8%3.!C!$&!8%(;!5&4<!$&!$43(?!