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Abstract
Contrary to a quite widespread idea in Africa and in the world, Senegal is not a democracy,
but rather an institutional democracy, a form of management of the State which appeared
with the installation of the Program of the Structural adjustments. In this kind of democracy
where the Head of the State is also chief of a political party, the legislative power does not
play its part. Indeed, the dynamics of the party-State rather makes Parliament a place of
subordination to the executive power (dominated by the president) than a countervailing
power. For this lack of control of the Parliament, it would be necessary to add the existence
of control committees deprived of power of decision, and whose recommendations are left
with the free appreciation of the president of the Republic. One of the most outstanding
features in this kind of democracy resides besides in the exorbitant powers even except
standard of the chief of the executive. Indeed, power and extent of its power to appoint in
fact a central figure who is felt as much in the legislative sphere as in the legal one. It is
what that the principle of balance and separation of powers is in practice inoperative, in a
way null and without effect. Leaned with the Rule of law, the institutional democracy is
also characterized by a series of revisions and of modifications of the Constitution. By this
legal process, the Constitution becomes an instrument to carry out the ambitions of the
Head of the State. In other words, legality, pivot of the Rule of law, becomes management
tools of the company and legitimation of the policies to the detriment of the legitimacy of
the populations. In this kind of democracy, freedom of press is far from being a reality.
Indeed, whereas that public is under the supervision of the ministry for information, the
private freedom of the press, also subjected to the supervision, is still attenuated by the
threat, the intimidation and the reprisals which its agents on behalf of the governmental
political officials can undergo. What one finally finds in an institutional democracy, is a
proliferation of institutions worthy of the great democracies, but without much
effectiveness.