La stœchiométrie : Exercices - corrections
Chapitre 1 : Introduction
1) M(Cu) = 69.09% . M(63Cu) + 30.91% . M(65Cu) = 0.6909 . 62.9298 g/mol + 0.3091 . 64.9278 g/mol
= 63.547382 g/mol ≈ 63.55 g/mol
2) M(H) = 1.00794 g/mol
3) M(H2) = 2 . M(H) = 2 . 1.00794 g/mol = 2.01588 g/mol
4) M(CH4) = M(C) + 4 . M(H) = 12.0107 g/mol + 4 . 1.00794 g/mol = 16.04246 g/mol
5) m = n . M = 5.000 mol . 4.002602 g/mol = 20.01301 g ≈ 20.01 g
6) m = n . M = 3.2 mol . 16.04246 g/mol = 51.335872 g ≈ 51 g
7) n = m/M = 10.0 g / (55.845 g/mol) = 0.1790671 mol ≈ 0.179 mol
8) n = m/M = 40.0 g / (16.04246 g/mol) = 2.4933832 mol ≈ 2.49 mol
9) M(H2) = 2.01588 g/mol ; M(Cℓ2) = 70.9054 g/mol ; M(HCℓ) = 36.46064 g/mol ; M(P4O10) = 283.88904 g/mol;
M(H2O) = 18.01528 g/mol ; M(H3PO4) = 97.995181 g/mol
10) N = n . NA = 1 mol . 6.022 . 1023 atomes/mol = 6.022 . 1023 atomes
11) N = n . NA = 2.2 mol . 6.022 . 1023 molécules/mol = 1.3248 . 1024 molécules
12) n = m/M = 5.0 g / (253.80894 g/mol) = 0.0196999 mol
N = n . NA = 0.0196999 mol . 6.022 . 1023 molécules/mol = 1.1863 . 1022 molécules ≈ 1.2 . 1022 molécules
13) N(atomes) = 2 atomes/molécule . 1.1863 . 1022 molécules = 2.3727 . 1022 atomes ≈ 2.4 . 1022 atomes
14) ρ(H2O, 30°C) = 995.639 kg/m3 = 0.995639 g/mL
m(H2O) = 200.0 mL . 0.995639 g/mL = 199.1278 g
M(H2O) = 18.01528 g/mol
n(H2O) = 199.1278 g / (18.01528 g/mol) = 11.053273 mol
N(H2O) = 11.053273 mol . 6.022 . 1023 molécules/mol = 6.6563 . 1024 molécules
N(H) = 2 atomes H/molécule . 6.6563 . 1024 molécules = 1.3313 . 1025 atomes H ≈ 1.331 . 1025 atomes H
N(atomes) = 3 atomes/molécule . 6.6563 . 1024 molécules = 1.9969 . 1025 atomes ≈ 1.997 . 1025 atomes