4
ABSTRACT
The study of prepositions represents one of the fundamental topics of cognitive linguistics. The
aim of this dissertation is to show to what extent a preposition can contribute to the
emergence of the significance of utterances in the Martinican creole language, the language
under study. The preposition is central to the relation « Figure-Ground ». It is from this
functional relation that we can define the conceptual links that the preposition establishes
between the linguistic units that it binds together. We thus want to highlight the subtilety of the
notional substance of these morphemes. This notional substance feeds on the pragmatic
meanings that these polysemous morphemes can have owing to their deformability. In order to
describe the uses of a preposition, we must first establish its distribution. We will, therefore,
use data containing tokens of prepositions in order to propose a cognitive analysis of these
latter. We will not use a comparative approach. However, we cannot ignore the diglossic
relation between Martinican Creole and French. We will have occasion to show how, from a
sociolinguistic point of view, a language considered as the « low » variety (basilect), and a
language considered as the « high » variety (acrolect), can affect each other conceptually.
Prepositions are morphemes which illustrate the dynamics of Martinican Creole. It suffices to
observe the uses of the doublets asou-anlè (on), ba-pou (for), épi-ek (with), and the
allomorphs an, ann, nan, adan, andidan, anndan, dan (in) in order to understand this. It is,
then, « in relation to our knowledge of the world » (VANDELOISE 1986:241) that we will
propose a cognitive analysis of prepositions in Martinican Creole. Prepositions invite us to
consider such phenomena as apheresis, deflexivity, stranded preposition, verbal serialisation,
prefixation, diagrammatic iconicity and indexicality. We will show how épi (with), a
morpheme encoding the concept of association, includes an archisemic feature, the
comitative.