Research of A. Acker - abstract
Since1970, I focalize my research on Planetary Nebulae (PN) with increasing interest for the
« stellar wind » (especially in WR nuclei of PN), and for the kinematical and chemical
properties of the Galaxy, analysed through PN.
1. Properties of PN and their nuclei : A spectrophotometric survey of 1000 PN (ESO and OHP)
was performed with B. Stenholm (Lund) & A. Acker in 1987-1991, and leads to (i) the « Strasbourg-
ESO catalogue of galactic PN » (1992 and supplements in 1996 and 2001) and to (ii) analysis of
the plasma properties and the parameters of the nebulae and the central stars, in collaboration with
J. Köppen (Kiel), G. Stasinska (Paris) (12 papers in 1990-91-92).
2. PN with WR nuclei.
- Inhomogeneities of the stellar wind are discovered and analysed in large time basis sequences of
spectra for cool late-type [WC8-9] and for hot [WC4] stars (thesis of Yves Grosdidier, with the
collaboration of A. Moffat, Montréal, and G. Garcia-Segura, UNAM, Mexico).
- With K. Gesicki (Torun), we calculate the nebular line profiles (modelization of the system
star+nebula) for about 40 PN compared with very high resolution spectra I performed (ESO, OHP).
We found spectral evidence of finite turbulent velocities in the about 20 nebulae around WR nuclei,
superimposed on an essentially constant expansion velocity pattern. This study suggests that PN
surrounding [WC] stars are related to long lasting momentum-driven phase bubbles, the turbulence
being either triggered, or enhanced, by stellar wind inhomogeneities which appear ubiquitous in
Wolf-Rayet nuclei.
- Spectra of 42 PN are obtained at ESO and at OHP, and a new quantitative classification of hot
[WO] and cooler [WC] nuclei of PN is proposed. Based on ionization, this new scheme is related to
the evolution of the temperature and of the stellar wind, reflecting the mass-loss history.
3. PN are used a tracers of the kinematical and chemical properties of the Galaxy. Distances
scales were refined in 1976-78 (new distance scale, my thesis) and through Hipparcos
(collaboration of S. Pottasch and A. Fresneau). Chemical gradients were calculated, radial and
vertical, into the Galaxy (collaboration of J. Köppen, Kiel, and F. Cuisinier, thesis in Strasbourg,
and now in Sao Paulo). In 1995-1997, in the framework of the thesis of S. Durand, kinematic
parameters were precised by using a compilation of the radial velocity of 867 PN, and dynamic
modelisation was constructed (collaboration of H . Dejonghe, Gand). Special attention is devoted to
bulge PN, through spectra of the survey (~30 GBPN) and very high resolution spectra (~70 GBPN),
in order to precise the chemical properties (He, O, N, S, Ar, Cl abundances, with Köppen and
Cuisinier), and the kinematics (collaboration of A. Zijlstra).
==> My projects in collaboration with Q. Parker and Alan Peyaud are concentrated on the
exploitation of the Halpha survey performed by Q. Parker et al.
- Complete in a homogeneous way the PN Catalogue (including spectrometric data) in
relation with the Strasbourg data Center CDS.
- Study of the galactic bulge PN : diameters, flux, densities, ages, progenitor masses.
- Study of the bulge kinematics and dynamics,