Luis - Spiral

!
!
PROPOSITION(SUJET(de(MASTER(201642017(
!
TITRE!"! !"#$%&' ()' *+$(,-.&' (-' /$0,.,&1' /)+' 0-/' #+23,0/' (4-5#+-//,2.' (-/' *6.-/' %2($.&' (-/' -.78"-/'
0,*.2%-00)0208&,9)-/'32.*,9)-/'($./'0-/'/1(,"-.&/'(-/'"$.*+2:-/'(-';2):-00-'<$01(2.,-'
!
'
'
;2"/='>+1.2"/'(-/'?$,&+-/'(-'@&$*-/'A!BC!@'>$&+,%,$'!
!
D)$0,&1'A''?$E&+-'(-'<2.31+-.%-/!
! ! ! ! ! ! !
F101#G2.-'A'HI'JK'II'LH'IJ'!!!MN"$,0'A'#$&+,%,$O0),/P).,:N082.QO3+!
!
!
;2"='>+1.2"'()'%2N-.%$(+$.&'A!! RCST;!'?806.-!
!
D)$0,&1'A''?$E&+-'(-'<2.31+-.%-/!
! ! ! ! ! ! !
F101#G2.-'A'' HI'JK'IU'QH'VH'!! ! MN"$,0'A'"80-.-OG)*2.,P).,:N082.QO3+!
!
!
B$W2+$&2,+-'(4$%%)-,0='X-/#2./$W0-'-&'19),#-'A''
C?X'VVVJ'M%202*,-'?,%+2W,-..-'Y+-/#O'?2Z..-NB2%%27'[:$.\'
M9),#-']'^($#&$&,2.'(-/'?,%+22+*$.,/"-/'M)%$+82&-/'_'0-)+'M.:,+2..-"-.&'`''
'
^(+-//-'A''IU'W('()'QQ';2:-"W+-'QaQL'b'caQHH'd,00-)+W$..-'<-(-5!
'
!
!
;2"'()'%$.(,($&'1:-.&)-00-"-.&'#+2#2/1'A' '
'
#$%&!'$()*!+,)!-(*('./!,00(+*(1234.)!.'!,.*-(!0,'5%5,*!6!!!!!!! ! ! 7.%!!2!!84'!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Description(du(sujet(au(verso!!!!!⇒!
! !

@)e-&'Y2We-%&,3='(1"$+%G-'-&'&-%G.,9)-='%200$W2+$&,2.Y/\=OOO\'A'
<2.&-5&-'-&'2We-%&,3'
9()! :,';-43()/! <.%! 400.+('*! =>?! 5()! &%**4-,.@! *-4+%0,.@/! )4'*! A04'4:%<.(:('*! (*! A04&4;%<.(:('*!
%:+4-*,'*()!+.%)<.B(&&()!+-4*C;('*!&()!-A;%4')!0D*%C-()!5(!&BA-4)%4'!(*!)(-3('*!5(!'.-)(-%(!E!5(!'4:F-(.)()!
()+C0()! ,'%:,&()G! 9()! :,';-43()/! 04')%5A-A()! 04::(! &B.'! 5()! A04)H)*C:()! I4-()*%(-)! &()! +&.)! +-45.0*%I)/!
)4'*!0,-,0*A-%)A()!+,-!.'(!I4-*(!:%'A-,&%),*%4'!5.!0,-F4'(!4-;,'%<.(!,.!'%3(,.!5()!)A5%:('*)!(*!04')*%*.('*!
.'(!5()!+-%'0%+,&()!)4.-0()!*(--()*-()!5(!0,-F4'(!4-;,'%<.(!(*!%'4-;,'%<.(!5%))4.*!,.!'%3(,.!5()!40A,')G!9()!
0J,:+%;'4')!,F4'5,::('*!+-A)('*)!04')*%*.('*!.'!;-4.+(!A04&4;%<.(!*-C)!5%3(-)%I%A!0,+,F&(!5(!04&4'%)(-!
*4.)! &()! 04:+,-*%:('*)! <.B%&)! )4%('*! A:(-;A)! 4.! %::(-;A)G! #%! %&)! ,++,-*%(''('*! :,K4-%*,%-(:('*! ,.! )4.)2
-C;'(!5()!L%M,-H,/!&()!,)04:H0C*()!)4'*!F%('!+&.)!,F4'5,'*)!<.(!&()!F,)%5%4:H0C*()G!N4::(!+4.-!*4.*!,.*-(!
A04)H)*C:(! I4-()*%(-/! 0()! 04::.',.*A)! 5(! 0J,:+%;'4')/! 04:+4)A()! 5(! ),+-4*-4+J()! (*! 5B()+C0()!
)H:F%4*%<.()/!K4.('*!.'!-D&(!())('*%(&! 5,')!&(!-(0H0&,;(! 5(! &,!:,*%C-(!4-;,'%<.(!(*!&(! 0H0&(!5.!0,-F4'(! ,.!
*-,3(-)! 5(! &,! 5A;-,5,*%4'! 5(! &,! F%4:,))(! &%;'40(&&.&4)%<.(! ,F4'5,::('*! +-A)('*(G! O4.-! 0(&,/! &()! ()+C0()!
I4';%<.()! 5%*()! ),+-4*-4+J()! +4))C5('*! (*! )A0-C*('*! .'(! &,-;(! ;,::(! 5B('1H:()! ,**,<.,'*! &()! 5%IIA-('*)!
+4&H:C-()!3A;A*,.@!*(&&()!&()!0(&&.&,)()/!&()!JA:%0(&&.&,)()!(*!&()!&%;'%',)()G!P!&BJ(.-(!,0*.(&&(/!+(.!5(!0J4)()!
)4'*!04''.()!).-!&,!5%3(-)%*A! 5()!:A0,'%):()! ('1H:,*%<.()!.*%&%)A)!+,-! 0()!0J,:+%;'4')! +4.-!5A;-,5(-!&,!
F%4:,))(! &%;'40(&&.&4)%<.(! ,.! )(%'! 5()! :,';-43()! (*! 04::('*! 0(**(! 5%3(-)%*A!I4'0*%4''(&&(! +(.*! Q*-(!
,II(0*A(! +,-! 5%IIA-('*)! I,0*(.-)! (@*(-'()! 04::(! &,! ),&%'%*AG! #(.&)! &()! *-,3,.@! 5(! P-I%! et# alG! RSTU! V8,*.-(!
04::.'%0,*%4')! W"TXTSY!+4-*,'*!).-!&(!)A0-A*4:(! 5B.'!,)04:H0C*(!%)4&A!5(!&BA04-0(!5(!Rhizophora#stylosa!
&40,&%)A!5,')!&,!14'(!%'*(-*%5,&(!5A:4'*-(!V%Y!&(!I4-*!+4*('*%(&!('1H:,*%<.(!5(!0(!0J,:+%;'4'!+4))A5,'*!+&.)!
5(! WSS! ('1H:()! &%;'40(&&.&4&H*%<.()! (*! V%%Y! &B%'I&.('0(! 5(! &,! ),&%'%*A! ).-! &,! ',*.-(! 5()! ('1H:()! +-45.%*()!
V,.;:('*,*%4'!5(!&,!+-45.0*%4'!5(!0(&&.&,)()ZJA:%0(&&.&,)()!(*!-A5.0*%4'!5()!('1H:()!&%;'%'4&H*%<.()YG(Nous(
émettons(l’hypothèse(que(les(gradients(de(salinités(observés(au(sein(des(mangroves(sélectionneraient(des(
communautés( fongiques( présentant( des( mécanismes( enzymatiques( adaptés(aux( concentrations( plus( au(
moins(fortes(en( sels(et(donc(modifieraient(la(nature(des( gènes(exprimés.!#,0J,'*!<.(!+(.!5B()+C0()!)4'*!
0.&*%3,F&()! VS/T2T?Y/! &()! ,++-40J()! 5(! ;A'4:%<.(! ('3%-4''(:('*,&(! F,)A()!).-! &(! )A<.('[,;(! J,.*25AF%*!
5BPL80! )+A0%I%<.(:('*! ,:+&%I%A)! E! +,-*%-! 5BP\8:! ('3%-4''(:('*,.@! -(+-A)('*('*! &(! :(%&&(.-! :4H('!
5BA*.5%(-! &,! 5%3(-)%*A! 5()! *-,')0-%*)! (@+-%:A)! +,-! &()! 04::.',.*A)! I4';%<.()! (*! 5(! :(**-(! ('! A3%5('0(!
&B%:+,0*! 5(! 0(-*,%')! I,0*(.-)! (@*(-'()! 04::(! &,! ),&%'%*AG! 9B4FK(0*%I! 5(! 0(! +-4K(*! )(-,! 54'0! 5B(@+&4-(-! 3%,! &(!
)A<.('[,;(! ]&&.:%',! ^%)(<! 5B,:+&%04')! &,! 5%3(-)%*A! 5()! *-,')0-%*)! 045,'*! 5()! 0(&&.&,)()/! JA:%0(&&.&,)()! (*!
&%;'%',)()!I4';%<.()!5,')!&()!)A5%:('*)!)4.:%)!E!5%IIA-('*)!*,.@!5(!),&%'%*AG!N(!+-4K(*!5(3-,%*!,++4-*(-!5()!
54''A()!%:+4-*,'*()!).-!&,!0,+,0%*A!5(!5A;-,5,*%4'!5(!&,!:,*%C-(!4-;,'%<.(!+,-!&()!04::.',.*A)!I4';%<.()!
5()!:,';-43()!(*! &B%:+,0*!5(! &,! ),&%'%*A!).-!0(**(!5%3(-)%*A!I4'0*%4''(&&(!:,%)!,.))%! 5BA3,&.(-!&BA04)H)*C:(!
:,';-43(! 04::(! )4.-0(! ('04-(! %'(@+&4-A(! 5B('1H:()! +4.3,'*! ,34%-! 5()! ,++&%0,*%4')! F%4*(0J'4&4;%<.()!
%:+4-*,'*()G!
!
f1"$+%G-'-&'"1&G2(202*,-A'
N(!).K(*!)B%')0-%*!5,')!&(!0,5-(!5B.'!+-4K(*!_NRN7!%:+&%<.,'*!5(.@!+,-*(',%-()!(@*A-%(.-)!"!!
2!`^\!TTaU!b%45%3(-)%*A!(*!b%4*(0J'4&4;%(!c4';%<.()!V]8\P!2!`'%3(-)%*A!P%@2^,-)(%&&(Y!
2!`^\!=>dS!Z!`\RSa!]\L!Z!]^O^N!V]\L!84.:A,/!84.3(&&(!N,&A54'%(Y!
9BA0J,'*%&&4'',;(!5()!)A5%:('*)!,!A*A!-A,&%)A!('!84.3(&&(!N,&A54'%(!+,-!&(!+,-*(',%-(!&40,&!VNH-%&!^,-0J,'5/!
]\LYG!N()!+-A&C3(:('*)!4'*!A*A!(II(0*.A)!).-!5()!+,-0(&&()!E!I4-*(!),&%'%*A!-(04.3(-*()!5BAvicennia#marina#(*!
).-!5()!+,-0(&&()!E!:4%'5-(!),&%'%*A!-(04.3(-*()!5(! Rhizophora#stylosaG!9BA*.5%,'*!('!^,)*(-!5(3-,!(@*-,%-(!
&()!P\8!('3%-4''(:('*,.@!5()!04.0J()!).+(-I%0%(&&()!VS2TS!0:!e!+&.)!+,.3-()!('!N!4-;,'%<.(!(*!5(!),&%'%*A!
:4%'5-(Y!(*!5()!04.0J()!+&.)!+-4I4'5()!VWS2>S!0:e!-%0J()!('!:,*%C-(!4-;,'%<.(!(*!5(! ),&%'%*A!+&.)!A&(3A(Y!
5()!)A5%:('*)!;-f0(!E!5()!+-4*404&()!,5,+*A)!,.@! )4&)!-%0J()!('!:,*%C-(!4-;,'%<.(G!]&!,',&H)(-,!(').%*(!&,!
5%3(-)%*A! 5()! ;C'()! (@+-%:A)! +,-! )A<.('[,;(! J,.*25AF%*! V%&&.:%',! ^%)(<Y! 5B,:+&%04')! ;A'A-A)! E! +,-*%-! 5()!
PL80! ('3%-4''(:('*,.@! ('! .*%&%),'*! 5()! ,:4-0()! ON\! 5AKE! 5A3(&4++A()! ,.! &,F4-,*4%-(G! 9BA*.5%,'*!
FA'AI%0%(-,!5(!&$,++.%!5(!&,!+&,*(I4-:(!5(!F%4%'I4-:,*%<.(!5(!&B`^\!5$_04&4;%(!^%0-4F%(''(!+4.-!&B,',&H)(!
5()!54''A()!5(!)A<.('[,;(!;A'A-A()G!9B,',&H)(!5(!0(**(!5%3(-)%*A!I4'0*%4''(&&(!+4.--,!Q*-(!+4.-).%3%(!V)%!&(!
*(:+)! &(! +(-:(*Y! +,-! &,! 0,+*.-(! 5BPL80! ('*%(-)! 5,')! &(! 0,5-(! 5B.'(! *JC)(! +4-*,'*! ).-! &B(@+-())%4'!
JA*A-4&4;.(!(*! &,! 0,-,0*A-%),*%4'!5()!('1H:()! +-45.%*()!V:().-()!5B,0*%3%*A!)4.)! 5%IIA-('*()!04'5%*%4')!5(!
),&%'%*A/!',*.-(!5()!).F)*-,*)!JH5-4&H)A)/gY!('!04&&,F4-,*%4'!,3(0!&(!+,-*(',%-(!:,-)(%&&,%)!V_-%0!\(04-5/!]8\PYG!