Agricultural Meteorology and Climatology Textbook

MANUALI
SCIENZE TECNOLOGICHE
– 8 –

BRANISLAVA LALIC
JOSEF EITZINGER
ANNA DALLA MARTA
SIMONE ORLANDINI
ANA FIRANJ SREMAC
BERNHARD PACHER
Agricultural Meteorology and
Climatology
Firenze University Press
2018

Peer Review Process
All publications are submitted to an external refereeing process under the responsibility of
the FUP Editorial Board and the Scientic Committees of the individual series. The works
published in the FUP catalogue are evaluated and approved by the Editorial Board of the
publishing house. For a more detailed description of the refereeing process we refer to the
ocial documents published on the website and in the online catalogue of the FUP (www.
fupress.com).
Firenze University Press Editorial Board
A. Dol (Editor-in-Chief), M. Boddi, A. Bucelli, R. Casalbuoni, M. Garzaniti, M.C. Grisolia,
P. Guarnieri, R. Lanfredini, A. Lenzi, P. Lo Nostro, G. Mari, A. Mariani, P.M. Mariano, S.
Marinai, R. Minuti, P. Nanni, G. Nigro, A. Perulli, M.C. Torricelli.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution
4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
CC 2018 Firenze University Press
Università degli Studi di Firenze
Firenze University Press
via Cittadella, 7, 50144 Firenze, Italy
www.fupress.com
Agricultural Meteorology and Climatology / Branislava
Lalic, Josef Eitzinger, Anna Dalla Marta, Simone Orlandini,
Ana Firanj Sremac, Bernhard Pacher. – Firenze: Firenze
University Press, 2018.
(Manuali Scienze Tecnologiche; 8)
http://digital.casalini.it/9788864537955
ISBN 978-88-6453-795-5 (online)
This publication is supported by the SERBIA FOR EXCELL project, which
has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 691998.
Reviewers: Nenad Aleksic (Chapters 1-6), Anne Gobin (Chapter 7), Pavol Nejedlik (Chapter
8), Federica Rossi (Chapters 9, 10), Marco Morabito (Chapters 9, 10), Alessandro Messeri
(Chapters 9, 10), Christian Kersebaum (Chapters 11, 12), Levent Saylan (Chapter 13),
Ehsan Shari (Chapter 14).

Table of Contents
Preface 11
Abstract 13
Chapter 1 - Origin and composition of the atmosphere 15
1.1 The atmosphere and the Earth 15
1.2 Impact of atmospheric composition on plants 20
1.3 Impact of plants on the composition of the atmosphere 22
Chapter 2 - Energy balance of the atmosphere 25
2.1 Shortwave and longwave radiation in the atmosphere 25
2.2 Energy balance 30
2.3 Impact of radiation on plants 33
2.4 Impact of plants on radiation 38
Chapter 3 - Soil and air temperature 41
3.1 Heat, thermal properties and temperature 41
3.2 Heating and cooling of the soil 43
3.3 Heating and cooling of the air 45
3.4 Impact of soil and air temperature on plants 47
3.5 Impact of vegetation on soil and air temperature 55
Chapter 4 - Air humidity 59
4.1 Quantifying air humidity 59
4.2 Processes following the water cycle 61
4.3 Atmospheric evaporation and condensation 63
4.4 Impact of air humidity on plants 65
4.5 Impact of plants on air humidity 69
Branislava Lalic, Josef Eitzinger, Anna Dalla Marta, Simone Orlandini, Ana Firanj Sremac, Bernhard
Pacher, Agricultural Meteorology and Climatology, ISBN 978-88-6453-795-5 (online), CC BY-NC-ND
4.0, 2018, Firenze University Press