Sujet#2#:#"7&)84#0(&(,/0!2#$!%&'(#)*$!(*&+&,-!#(!'&.,(&-!#$(1#--#!-&!$#)-#!$/)*'#!2#!'*/,$$&0'#!3'/0/4,5)#!6#
#
?UVW! K!@! X/)$! +/)-/0$! 234/0(*#*! 5)#! -Y&)84#0(&(,/0! 2#$! 5)&0(,(3$!2#! %&'(#)*$! (*&+&,-! #(! '&.,(&-! 0Y#$(! .&$! -&! $#)-#!
$/)*'#!2#!'*/,$$&0'#!4&,$!5)Y,-!Z!&!2Y&)(*#$!$/)*'#$!2#!'*/,$$&0'#!'/44#!-Y&43-,/*&(,/0!2#!-&!5)&-,(3!2#$!%&'(#)*$!2#!
.*/2)'(,/0=!
!
?UVW! ;!@! X/)$! +/)-/0$! 234/0(*#*! 5)#! -Y&)84#0(&(,/0! 2#$! 5)&0(,(3$!2#! %&'(#)*$! (*&+&,-! #(! '&.,(&-! 0Y#$(! .&$! -&! $#)-#!
$/)*'#!2#!'*/,$$&0'#!4&,$!5)Y,-!Z!&!2Y&)(*#$!$/)*'#$!2#!'*/,$$&0'#!'/44#!-Y&43-,/*&(,/0!2#!-&!?aN=!
!
?UVW! ^!@! X/)$! +/)-/0$! 234/0(*#*! 5)#! -Y&)84#0(&(,/0! 2#$! 5)&0(,(3$!2#! %&'(#)*$! (*&+&,-! #(! '&.,(&-! 0Y#$(! .&$! -&! $#)-#!
$/)*'#! 2#! '*/,$$&0'#! '&*! ,-! Z! &! 2Y&)(*#$! $/)*'#$! 2#! '*/,$$&0'#! '/44#! -Y&43-,/*&(,/0!2#! -&! ?aN!#(! 2#$! .*/'#$$)$!
')4)-&(,%$!2#!'*/,$$&0'#!#02/8F0#=!
!
?-&0!^!@! p0! 3+&')#!2&0$! -Y,0(*/!-#!%&,(!5)#!D!3+,2#44#0(!-Y&)84#0(&(,/0! 2#$! WQRXVPV[\!%&'(#)*! "! #(! ]! #$(! $/)*'#! 2#!
'*/,$$&0'#!E!4&,$!5)Y,-!Z!&!2Y&)(*#$!$/)*'#$!H!-&!'*/,$$&0'#=!
PM "&!'*/,$$&0'#!,0(#0$,+#!I-Y&43-,/*&(,/0!2#!-&!?aN!2/0'!-&!WQR"PV[!2#$!%&'(#)*$!#(!2#!-#)*!'/4B,0&,$/0M!
PPM "&!'*/,$$&0'#!#02/8F0#!I2,+#*$,(3!2#!'&.,(&)O!#(!#O(#*0&-,(3$!./$,(,+#$M!
!
?-&0!^!U,$!
#
I)#La#croissance#extensive#(la#QUANTITÉ#des#facteurs)#
!
K=KM!"#!*k-#!2#!-&!5)&0(,(3!2)!%&'(#)*!(*&+&,-!2&0$!-&!'*/,$$&0'#!I(&,--#!./.)-&(,/0!&'(,+#M!
!
SK!R$.#'($!234/8*&.J,5)#$!I"!(&,--#!./.)-&(,/0!&'(,+#!#$(!$/)*'#!2#!'*/,$$&0'#M!
S;!R$.#'($!-38,$-&(,%$!#(!')-()*#-$!I"!'/4./*(#4#0($!2Y&'(,+,(3!#$(!$/)*'#!2#!'*/,$$&0'#M!
!
K=;M!"#!*k-#!2#!-&!5)&0(,(3!2)!%&'(#)*!'&.,(&-!2&0$!-&!'*/,$$&0'#!I-Y,0+#$(,$$#4#0(M!
!
S^!"Y,0+#$(,$$#4#0(!2#!'&.&',(3!#$(!$/)*'#!2#!'*/,$$&0'#!
S`!?-)$!2#!'&.,(&-!&''*/,(!-Y#%%,'&',(3!2)!(*&+&,-!#(!2/0'!-&!'*/,$$&0'#!
!
II)#La#croissance#intensive#(la#QUALITÉ#/#l’amélioration#de#la#PGF)#
!
;=KM!"Y&43-,/*&(,/0!2)!%&'(#)*!(*&+&,-!
!
Se!"&!%/*4&(,/0!,0,(,&-#!#(!'/0(,0)#!#$(!$/)*'#!2#!'*/,$$&0'#!!
Sf!"&!.*/(#'(,/0!$/',&-#!#(!-Y&43-,/*&(,/0!2#!-&!$&0(3!$/0(!$/)*'#!2#!'*/,$$&0'#!
!
;=;M!"Y&43-,/*&(,/0!2)!%&'(#)*!'&.,(&-!
!
Sg!"#!.*/8*F$!(#'J0,5)#!#(!-&!cdA!$/0(!$/)*'#!2#!'*/,$$&0'#!
Sh!"Y,0+#$(,$$#4#0(!2#!4/2#*0,$&(,/0!#$(!$/)*'#!2#!'*/,$$&0'#!
!
III)# La# croissance# endogène# (diversité# de# capitaux# et# externalités# positives,# effets# cumulatifs# ou# autoC
entretenus)#
!
^=KM!9&.,(&-!J)4&,0!#(!'&.,(&-!(#'J0/-/8,5)#!$/0(!$/)*'#!2#!'*/,$$&0'#!
!
Si!"Y&43-,/*&(,/0!2)!'&.,(&-!J)4&,0!#$(!$/)*'#!2#!'*/,$$&0'#!
SKq!"Y&'')4)-&(,/0!2)!'&.,(&-!(#'J0/-/8,5)#!#$(!$/)*'#!2#!'*/,$$&0'#!
!
^=;M!9&.,(&-!.)B-,'!#(!'&.,(&-!,0$(,()(,/00#-!$/0(!$/)*'#!2#!'*/,$$&0'#!
!
SKK!"Y&'')4)-&(,/0!2)!'&.,(&-!.)B-,'!#$(!$/)*'#!2#!'*/,$$&0'#!
SK;!"Y&43-,/*&(,/0!2)!'&.,(&-!,0$(,()(,/00#-!#$(!$/)*'#!2#!'*/,$$&0'#!