4thform programme General Revision F.B SECONDARY SCHOOL 2020 * 2021 UNIT 1: HOLIDAYING AND ART SHOWS Lesson 1: Holidaying Vocabulary: 1 The addresser: The speaker or the writer The addressee: the listener or the Reader (who receives the message) The host (the Person who receives the visitor) ≠ the guest (the visitor) Summer outings → activities we do out of the house during Summer Holiday Grammar: 1) Parallelism: the repetition of a tense, a form or a structure in a sentence E.g.: The information will be not only useful but also important ↔The information will be both useful and important. * Repetition of a form: She is the best, the kindest and the most intelligent (Superlative form) * Repetition of a tense: The mother was preparing dinner and was looking after the baby (past progressive) * Repetition of a structure: I love you, I care about you, I respect you and I’ll never forget you (subj. + V + obj) 2) Structure: Subj. + used to + bare infinitive Subj. + would + bare infinitive →To describe a habit in the past or a repeated action in the past Essay: * Compare between holidays in the past and holidays nowadays. e.g. In the past, people used to spend their Holidays at home with the family and relatives. They would Work on the farm and help their parents. However, nowadays people spend their Holidays with friends practising various activities such as water skiing, canoeing, camping, and sunbathing * Active Holiday: Sport activities / Camping / Skiing /A Country walk. * Lazy Holiday: Watching TV / Sunbathing on the Beach. __________________________________________________________________________________ Lesson 2: SPACE TOURISM Space-related words: Planet, Shuttle, Travel, Trip, Ship, Space port. →Space tourism requires exorbitant prices, so most of people can’t afford it. VOCABULARY Exorbitant (adj.) = very costly = very expensive. To afford something = Find the money to do it = financially able to achieve it. Worth = Deserve. Rivalry (N) = Competition / The rival (personal noun). Face off (N) = Fight, argument. Foothold (N) = Strong position in business. 2 Well-to-do (adj.) = Rich. A deal (N) = Agreement. Emerging = Becoming known or seen = Appearing. To Please (V) → Pleasant / pleased (adjs) → Pleasure (N). GRAMMAR * Negative prefixes: Used at the beginning of a word to give its antonym.( in- / dis- / ab- / un- / im…etc…) * E.g.: She stopped eating to answer the phone. → She was eating and she stopped that action. Begin / stop / enjoy / dislike / admit / consider / miss / finish / mind / imagine / Deny / involve / postpone / suggest / regret / delay / avoid / practise / risk + V + ING WRITING: We can speak about the advantages and the disadvantages of Space Tourism. * ADVANTAGES: - It’s the only chance to discover another world. - To discover an outer space and satisfy one’s curiosity. - For relaxation, entertainment, pleasure. - Discover new things, become more and more open -minded and experienced. - It can be worthy doing a suborbital flight as it can be a rich source of information. - Space Tourism will be widespread in the future. * DISADVANTAGES: - Very expensive tours - It’s useless to spend a lot of money just to prove that someone can be the first one to discover the Space - It’s shameful to spend exorbitant prices on space flights while thousands of children die every day because of hunger and illness. - I am afraid of visiting other planets - It’s a waste of time and money. _______________________________________________________________________ Lesson 3: Art Shows Vocabulary - Foyer = entrance hall or a large entrance space - Refreshments = drinks - Interactive = helping to communicate with each others - Performances = shows 3 - To book = make reservations - Free = at no cost _____________________________________________________________________ __ Lesson 4: “IMORTALITY” BY CELINE DION VOCABULARY= Super star state = state of being a famous singer or actor. Stardom = level of importance. Prowess = Great skill at doing something. Convene (v) = to come together. Celebrity = fame = popularity. Memory = something we remember. Eternity = immortality / Eternal (adj) = Timeless = life long. Fate = Destiny. Faith = Trust = Belief. Determination = Willingness. Come true = Achieve = Fulfill. (a dream ) Sorrow = Sadness. GRAMMAR: Modals’ functions. Can = Expressing ability / Giving permission Can’t = Expressing inability / Refusing permission. Must = Expressing obligation. Mustn’t = Expressing prohibition. ESSAY You attended a musical show. Describe the show, the atmosphere and your feelings. Lesson 5: Walking Tour Vocabulary Frontier = border A part of = constituent Containing people of different races = cosmopolitan In all seasons = year round Places where shows take place = venues Former = last = previous Marvelous = wonderful = amazing = spectacular To impress = to fascinate Grammar ; Superlative form - The + short adjective + est Eg : Edinburgh is the second largest city - The most / the least + long adjective Eg : Changing the guards is the most spectacular ceremony 4 Essay Plan a guided walking tour for English tourists who came to visit your town / village Focus on places of interest and highlight the features of such places Text type and purpose Narrative → to narrate events Argumentative → to persuade the reader Expository → to inform the reader _____________________________________________________________ Lesson 6: A Package Tour Vocabulary Package tour = a tour organized by a travel agency in which you travel with a group Exhibition (n) = collection of art works shown to the public To exhibit (v) = to show for the public Accommodation = the place where we stay while we are in a journey or trip (hotel – bungalow – tent) To accommodate (v) Essay: What are the benefits and drawbacks of package tours? Tours Package - Advantages Making new friends Having fun within the group A great sense of community Safe and well-organized - Disadvantages Differences between the group members may be embarrassing You feel limited and have less freedom There may be no sense of adventure since everything is predictable __________________________________________________________________________________ Lesson 7: At the Travel Agency Vocabulary - Disappointed = deceived (adj) / Disappointment = deception (n) - Trustworthy (adj)= someone whom you can trust Lesson 8: Put A Little Drama in Your Travel Vocabulary 5 - Cyber trips = a trip done via / through the internet - On the calendar = planned - Sightseeing = visiting places of interest - Heading to = moving towards a place - Choreography = designing steps of dancing - A playwright = A person who writes plays Possible topics * Write the biography of William Shakespeare, the great Stratford bard, the greatest dramatist and poet in the English language * You attended a play by Shakespeare Describe the show, the characters’ performance, the audience’s reactions and your own impressions __________________________________________________________________________________ Lesson 9: The Winter’s Tale (Part I) A narrative text is composed of the setting, the theme, the plot and the characters - The setting: place or situation where the narrative takes place, the setting can have a powerful effect on the theme and on the reader’s emotions - The theme: topic, subject or message - The plot: action, sequence of actions – plots include introduction, problem, climax or crisis, resolution and conclusion - The characters: people, animals or imaginary characters in a narrative Vocabulary - To rule = to govern - To send for someone = ask someone to come to you - To beg = ask for something in an anxious way - Unfaithfulness = having a relationship with someone who is not your spouse - Shamefully = in an embarrassing way - To try someone = to judge - Trial (n) = judgment - Suspect (v) = doubt / suspicion (n) / -Suspicious (adj) = doubtful Grammar focus: compound adjectives - A kind-hearted person → adj + noun + ed - A thought-provoking film → noun + verb + ing - A ten-minute talk → number + noun - A science-inspired souvenir→ noun + PP - A bright-colored umbrella → adj + PP - Naturally- produced cotton → Adv + PP 6 UNIT 2: EDUCATION MATTERS Lesson 1: School - related words “The real wealth of a nation is education / literate children / knowledge.” Vocabulary: Offering, giving = providing. / provision (n) A very important thing = a priority. Refused = denied. Make better, ameliorates = to boost. Word Practical Examiner Work Fail Witten Attend Grammar: antonym Theoretical Candidate Holiday Pass Oral leave Too + adj + to + v = impossibility of the action. E.g.: His parents are too poor to send him to school.→ they are very poor so they cannot send him to school Possible topics: What are the causes of illiteracy and how to limit it? Causes Poverty Hunger Distant schools Illiterate parents Solutions to overcome the problem. -To donate money, free books, -to provide nutritious meals for pupils at school -To build schools -Sensitize parents to the necessity of education. -The role of humanitarian organizations (unicef , Unesco , WFP) The importance of education: 1. Ameliorate the economy of the country. 2. To provide a greener future to our children. 3. Decrease the dependence on foreign workers. 4. Liberate the country from the problem of illiteracy. 5. To have better, literate generations … Write an ad to incite people to help poor, illiterate children in the world. 7 Eg (pupil’s writing) 1 pound can enlighten a mind As you know, Africa is one of the poorest areas allover the world specially the west. Those countries are too poor to provide a good education to their young generations. But we are all brothers in humanity so, you can’t be proud of your education and even of yourself while you know that there are hundreds and hundreds of poor children who want to be educated, help their families and their country but they can’t : Either because there are no schools or they can’t afford getting to schools and so they are prevented from the basic right of education. My brothers please support us to provide this right to those innocent children and remember always that only one pound can enlighten a mind! In your opinion, what can humanitarian organizations do for children who are prevented from education? Lesson 2: Education for All. Vocabulary: Registration = enrolment Consequently = therefore. Percentage = rate. . Grammar: If + negative verb = unless + positive verb. E.g.: unless we help poor children, they can’t have a good future. If we don’t help poor children, they can’t have a good future. Writing: Write an interview between a journalist and the representative of a humanitarian organization in which they talk about the role of this organization in helping to educate children round the world. Lesson 3: virtual Schools Vocabulary: He is an online / distance / e- / cyber learner = he is studying in a virtual school via / through the internet. Bullying = frightening or hurting a weak person. Log on = connect on a computer system. Appeal = what makes something attractive. 8 Texting = writing on the computer. Bustle = crowd of people moving in a busy way. Grammar: Subject + did / do / does + bare infinitive =====to emphasize the meaning. E.g.: *did you forget to do the exercise? -No I did do it. * Does she speak any foreign language? - She does speak English and Italian. Useful expressions I think =========giving an opinion. I’m afraid I don’t agree ================disagreeing. I see what you mean but…============== disagreeing You are making a good point, however…===== disagreeing What you say is ….but I still strongly…. ===== disagreeing. Lesson 4 page 101: ONLINE LEARNING Vocabulary: Cyber learning = virtual learning = e- learning = distance learning = online learning Time commitment = When students are willing to devote much time to their courses Punctuation :Using commas: to separate items in a list It’s used before and after a phrase in opposition , giving an explanation or additional information about the noun it follows E.g. : Sámi, our maths teacher, is absent (phrase in opposition) Writing : Which do you like better, traditional learning or virtual learning? Traditional learning Advantages. 9 Disadvantages - Children will be more concentrated. - Kids will not miss the unique opportunity to mix with others - Students will be more self-reliant - Make friends. - The pupil becomes responsible and self confident. - Verbal and physical communication. - Students undergo many kinds of pressure from frightening teachers - Teachers are using many ways of punishment - School uniform. - Bustling. - Being bullied by others. - Schoolbags. - Time and place constraints. Virtual learning Advantages. - Students study whenever they want. - Don’t have to study for long hours. - Flexibility: you can learn whenever and wherever you like. - Being home educated. - Taking private lessons. - Students are willing t o devote much time to their courses. - no uniform /no school journeys - No bustling /not bullied by other pupils - More confidence / more commitment Disadvantages - No teacher to control the students - Children aren’t old enough to manage time commitment. - Learners lack verbal and physical communication. -Setting in front of the PC for a long time can be harmful to your eyes. -No physical action –no eyes contact. - Little verbal or physical communication –- no chance to overcome psychological problems (bullying – fright...) Lesson 5 page 103: COMPARING EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS Linkers used for similarities: Like….. As … Both …and … Similarly … The two- the same … Linkers used for differences: More / less Using comparatives Unlike Differently However / whereas But / in contrast e.g. Both America and Tunisia divide schooling into 3 cycles ( similarities) The third cycle in Tunisia includes 4 years while in USA it includes 3 years (differences) 10 Vocabulary: Compulsory = obligatory Cycles = steps Schooling =duration of study Core = the most important Remote = distant / far away Self-reliant = self -autonomous (adj) / self - reliance = self – autonomy (n) To focus = to concentrate To rely on = depend on Essay: Write a letter to your English friend to give him/ her an idea about the Tunisian system of education Educational system in Tunisia: Pupils start their schooling at the age of 6 It lasts 13 years They stay 6 years at the primary school There are 3 cycles in Tunisian schooling The three cycles are free but only the primary and the preparatory cycles are compulsory (Pupil’s writing) Zarat on April 8th, 2010 Dear Stuart, In this letter I want to give you an idea about our educational system in Tunisia in which we have 3 cycles: the primary school, the preparatory school and the secondary school but the third cycle’s not compulsory. The primary school lasts 6 years, the preparatory school lasts 3 years and the secondary school lasts 4 years. Then, we have the university. Both the primary and the preparatory cycles are compulsory because all pupils must be educated and at the age of 6 they have the right and the duty to enroll at school. Yours, Néjib LESSON 6: AGE OR? Vocabulary Evaluated = assessed = tested Poor = deprived 11 I think that = I am of the opinion that Basic knowledge of arithmetic in general = numeracy Potential = ability Rate = percentage To increase the strength = to boost = to ameliorate Outstanding = excellent = brilliant Grammar The prepositions below are used after the following verbs Prevent / suffer / exclude / to depart / to take / differ + From Succeed / believe / result / integrate / live / put / locate + In Focus / depend / base + On Approve / deprive / consist / compose + Of Writing Are you for or against mixed - age classes to boost pupils' achievement? Write an interview with Mrs. Herndon to ask about the new system of education __________________________________________________________ Lesson 7: Lifelong Learning Lifelong learning: “pursue knowledge from cradle to grave“. “Never too late to learn.” So lifelong learning never stops, it’s continuous. Vocabulary: Continuous = permanent. To continue (verb) = to pursue. Simply (adv) = merely. Consequently = therefore. Limited to: confined to = restricted to Full growth and development = maturity. Traditional (adj) = conventional. To adapt (v) = to adjust. Authentic (adj) = genuine. Grammar : child + “hood“ the period of time. childhood. Noun + “hood” noun e.g.: - Adult adulthood - Mother motherhood - Sister sisterhood - WRITING 12 - Lifelong learning is a way to combat illiteracy. We face many problems in our world, and we consider illiteracy as a major problem, that’s why we suggest lifelong learning as a solution to combat this plight. Advantages of lifelong learning: - Lifelong learning prepares the learners for the whole life because it is an opportunity for them to update their knowledge. Ongoing learning enables us to renew our human knowledge and cope with new technologies. Lifelong learning is a tool to gain self-autonomy and be socially privileged. It makes the learner’s experience highly valued. This new venture helps fight against illiteracy and facilitates social integration. Enabling all the members of society to have a share in the development of their country. Lifelong learning is a programme of education aiming at educating the adult people. It is very important because it pursues knowledge from cradle to grave. Disadvantages of lifelong learning: - The older we get the harder we learn and the less enthusiastic we become. It may be at the expense of other interests. Some people hold discouraging attitudes towards adult learners. It may become useless if it is not well - organized. Lesson 8: Reading the back cover of a book Grammar: o Suffixes used to form adjectives: E.g.: -ed: interested / -al: natural / -ive: effective. / -able: fashionable / -ing: interesting o Suffixes used to form nouns: E.g.: - ness: happiness ; -hood: adulthood ; -sion: decision. o How to transform the adverb into adjective? E.g.: certainly certain; closelyclose; steadilysteady. o How to transform the adjective into noun? E.g.: accurate accuracy; sharpsharpness; endowed endowment; poeticpoetry. Express differently using compound adjectives: E.g.: this town is planned badly. This is a badly –planned town. He wrote the letter clearly. It is a clearly –written letter. Vocabulary: 13 - Unfamiliar: strange. - Exact: accurate; precise. - Sharp: acute; piercing. - Described: depicted. - Memorable: unforgettable. - Persons in novel: characters. - Six: half-dozen. - Scenery: landscape. _____________________________________________________________ Lesson 9: Alexander Graham Bell, the…… Alexander Graham Bell: - - The inventor of the telephone He is talented in the domain of communication. He was known as a teacher of the deaf and the dump more than as an inventor. He was born in a family which was used to the communication art. His grandfather developed a considerable particle in the treatment of speech defects. His father was specialized in the speech domain too. He invented a universally applicable phonetic alphabet which had been developed by young Alex and his brothers; they produced the sounds from the symbols. Vocabulary: - To be familiar with something = to be no stranger to something. People who are unable to speak or hear = the deaf and dumb. Handicaps = impediments. Lack of luck = misfortune. Lexical focus: - Impediment: barrier; block; difficulty; hindrance; obstacle. Timeless: changeless; endless; eternal; everlasting; permanent. Grammar What a teacher he was! How nice it is! Expressing admiration. *The + adj: is used to refer to a group of people in the society. E.g.: He taught the deaf He taught deaf people. Writing: - Write the biography of Alexander Graham Bell. For Arts; Session 3 p 134: “LATER” by Michael Foster 14 Vocabulary: - Queer = strange To crumble = to be destroyed Rationally = logically Manslaughter = killing someone Anguish = deep suffering Jail = Prison UNIT 3: CREATIVE, INVENTIVE MINDS _______________________________________________________ Lesson 1 page 136: Inventions - related words * Grammar: - It’s hard / difficult / possible + to + verb - Make/ Let / get / have + object + bare infinitive 1- Used to / didn’t use to + bare infinitive Expressing a habit in the past 2- Be used to + v + ing To be familiar with something * Vocabulary: Domestic robots: used at home doing domestic services - To discover: find something that had previously existed but had hitherto been unknown - To invent: design; create something which has never been made before - To innovate: introduce changes and new ideas verb To discover To innovate To invent - adverb +++++++++ Innovatively inventively General noun discovery innovation invention Omnipresent = existing everywhere and at all times. Impact = a strong effect Astonishing (adj) = surprising, startling, striking Shift (v) = change, alter Ultimate = final * Writing 15 adjective ++++++++++ Innovative inventive Personal noun discoverer innovator inventor Nowadays robots are becoming more and more widespread, which makes lots of people say that those robots are a real bless for humanity. So, according to you in which fields can robots help the human beings? -Robots replace human beings at work. -It’s a machine without feelings and morals; it just uses an electrical energy. -There will be more and more joblessness if we use robots in every field. -Robots never sleep. - It can work in a high temperature, which human beings can’t do. - It uses electrical energy directly. - It is stronger, more efficient than human beings - It can do housework: cleaning, washing, cooking, shopping… - It can drive (any means of transport). * Writing lesson2 Technology is considered as a controversial issue. Write an article to a Newspaper in which you give both negative and positive effects of this phenomenon on our life. - Technology as a blessing - Makes us live more comfortably thanks to different types of inventions - Facilitates communication with other people (using the internet to chat) - Facilitates research of information with those inventions such as the internet - Helps in progress and development - Helps to gain time -Helps to treat diseases - Technology as a curse - Technology used by some people for immoral goals such as cloning - Addiction of many children to different technological gadgets and as a result they neglect their studies - May destroy the relationship between our family members - Using technology to invent weapons, bombs, chemical weapons - Mechanization of our society - Side effects of some inventions on our eyes, ears. _____________________________________________________________ Lesson 3: Interviewing the father of play station * Vocabulary To envision (v) = to imagine a future situation Initial= first ≠ ultimate Release / to launch = to set up Dedicated = devoted * Grammar Dedicate / devote + object + to + Be accustomed / be used + to + V+ ing Noun V + ing Noun * Writing 1: An interview with Ken Kutaragi, the inventor of play station (pupil’s writing) 16 Ladies and Gentlemen, we are pleased today to meet Mr ken kutaragi the inventor of play station… Welcome Mr. KEN KUTARAGI, thank you for coming; I’d like to ask you some questions about your invention “the play station” - First can you explain to us what did encourage you to invent the play station? + I thought of my children and all the pupils who are tired of education, stressed about exams and who become more and more fed up. So I felt like to create something to make them have fun and entertain themselves. - Thank you for your feelings Mr. KUTARAGI but do you think that play station is really a good thing for children? Let’s say a blessing? + Absolutely! Play station develops children’s cognitive skills, they will become better concentrated and it can reinforce their patience. - But, Mr. kutaragi it has also some drawbacks like teaching children different forms of violence. + Yes, like all things, it has benefits and drawbacks but children should not be influenced by this invention. - Finally, Mr. Kutaragi, can you advise young people who are addicted to Play Station + I advise them to give their attention and time to their studies first and then the Play Station, only when they have free time. - Thanks a lot for these valuable tips. + Not at all and thank you for your invitation. - Advantages of Play station - Means of entertainment - Learn how to deal with complex situation - Develop cognitive skills - Reinforce patience - Flexibility and adaptability - Interactive - Disadvantages of Play station - contact with different forms of violence - get into bad habits - enhance laziness - lead to addiction - neglect studies - lose contact with real life - inhibit communication __________________________________________________ Lessons 4: Prize winners * Vocabulary: To reward = to praise, to award Award = prize, tribute Paying no attention = regardless Features = characteristics Gift = award, prize, talent * Grammar: * Adjectives’ suffixes 17 -Ing -Ic -Cant - Ive -Ful -Ous -Ed coming scientific significant effective respectful prestigious presented * Passive form = object + verb (to be + past participle) + subject *Active form = subject + verb + object Lesson 5: Women choose to opt out * Vocabulary Paths = ways of achieving something At the expense of = with damage to Recognition = public praise and reward Cite (v) = to mention something as a reason Hold someone accountable for something = to consider a person responsible for something Valued = Considered important * Grammar The subjunctive is used in formal, impersonal English It is essential that It is advisable that We insist that Leader + ship / + subject + verb in the subjunctive (bare infinitive) Relation + ship Why do women choose to opt out? * Reasons behind opting out: - Corporation fails to satisfy their professional needs * Goals behind opting out - To gain more freedom, recognition, money - Having their own business. * Solution to keep women in their positions - Provide them with more flexibility - Identify potential, competent managers, award their contributions and give them key positions in the company. * Writing Nowadays, women have a big role in society, nevertheless, some women choose to opt out and start their own business. Give your opinion about this issue. Plan - Introduction 18 Speak in General about women nowadays and their role in society - Body Why do women choose to opt out? * Reasons (E.g. Corporation fails to satisfy their professional needs) * Goals (to gain more freedom, having their own business) * Solution for the Corporation (provides them with more flexibility, identify women with high potential and give them big positions) - Conclusion Do the maximum with business women in order to keep them in their positions by offering more compensation. ________________________________________________________________ Lesson 6: The Brain Drain Definition: The Brain Drain is the movement of highly – skilled and qualified people from developing nations to developed countries to earn more money. * Vocabulary Implication = Result, effect, consequence, outcome. Futile = useless, inefficient, fruitless, worthless Shortage = lack, absence, scarcity, insufficiency Contentions = controversial (issue) = likely to cause disagreement between people. To gather pace = to increase in number Expertise = skill in a particular subject * Grammar - E.g. 1) He worked so hard that [he got an excellent grade in the test] (Clause) - Function: Expressing a cause / consequence relationship - Structure: Subject + v + so + adjective + that +clause - [He was so sad] that he stopped eating (Cause) (Consequence) E.g. 2) he worked hard so that he would succeed in the exam. Function: Expressing purpose Structure: clause 1 + so that + clause 2 * Idiomatic expressions The play the cards right = to deal successfully To swim against the tide = oppose the attitude that most people have. To sow the seeds of = start the process that leads to a particular result * Writing: 19 The brain drain is a controversial issue: Is it a loss or a gain? Give your opinion about this issue. - The Brain Drain Why do people emigrate? - Better job opportunities - Earn more money and ameliorate one’s living conditions - Marriage purpose - Better circumstances for scientific researches and inventions - Pursue one’s high education / studies. - Political persecution. - Health problems - Solution To retain highly educated people in their home countries, the government should provide incentives for them (more money; key positions; better job opportunities) Reverse brain drain: immigrate to developed countries then come back to one’s home country * Reasons Because their country needs their skills so, they bring their expertise, talents and hopes so that their country profit from them. * Consequences Economic recovery. Key positions for them ________________________________________________________________ Lesson 7: Scientists' achievements 1. Vocabulary : Occur = to happen, to take place. Enable = make possible for someone to do something. Magnify = make something look bigger. Actual = real, exact. Patent = the official right to be the only to use or sell a product. 2. Grammar : * Restrictive _ relative clause: I met the inventor who won the Nobel Price “It cannot be deleted because, it’s essential for understanding the noun before it. * Non-restrictive relative clause: The game, which we had long been waiting for, began at 2 pm. It can be deleted without harming the meaning of the sentence (it is not essential to understand the noun it follows). * Possible topics 20 ‗ Make an interview with “Ahmed Zewail”, so prepare a set of questions related to his Invention. ‗ write a paragraph about an invention you choose (TV, MP3, mobile phone).Decide whether it is a blessing or a curse Example: advantages and disadvantages of the MP4: * The benefits of this invention: ₋ listen to music. ₋Watch video clips. ₋ Play many games. ₋ Have fun and makes a person more comfortable. * The disadvantages of this invention: ₋ Causing harm to the eyes (to watch video clips) and ears (listen to loud music). ₋Can destroy family bounds. ₋To be addicted to this technological device. ₋ No concentration. ₋ Neglecting one’s studies studies. _________________________________________________________________ Lesson 8: “The Daffodils” by William Wordsworth Stanza: It’s a group of lines of verse that makes the unit of poetry. Rhyme: the repetition of similar sounds in poetry, the most common rhyme is the “end rhyme”. * Possible topics: The biography of William WordsWorth, The poet of “nature”. ______________________________________________________________________ UNIT4: LIFE ISSUES _______________________________________________________ Lesson 1: Life Concerns *Vocabulary Lifeless = not living, inanimate, dull Lifelong = lasting, constant, permanent Lifelike = realistic, authentic, real Life time = long, lasting, continuing, unending Life work = career, existence, period Life and death = essential, critical, crucial Lifestyle = conduct, way of life, habits For life = long, lasting, continuing, unending Life = biography, being, existence Give up = stop doing something A stroke = sudden serious illness Mistaken = wrong in one’s opinion or judgement * E.g. of life issues 21 1) Job = success – efficiency - career…. 2) Attitudes and values = tolerance – love – job – charity - dignity… 3) Success in life = family life – love – job – education - relations… 4) Health issue = illnesses - famine… 5) Environment = pollution – recycling – protecting animals - energy… * Collocations Respiratory illness / Make a difference / Tough job / Set an example / Feel tense Solve a problem / Negative effects / Keep in mind / save money / Lung cancer * The topic -you are a dietician and you are giving a presentation at school to sensitize pupils to get their “five a day” in order to have a good health *Pupil’s Writing: (five a day = a healthy diet) Hello kids! Today we’ll try to talk about having your “five a day “. Five is the number of fruits and vegetables that a person should consume every day. They can be tinned, dried or juiced, because they can help you to have the chance to maintain a balanced body, a healthy lifestyle and weight level. For example eat few dates and chopped tomatoes every morning. You should consume natural and fresh vegetables to preserve their nutrients, and the best way to cook vegetables is steaming. In addition, don’t peel the apples because vitamins are under the skin of the fruit “an apple a day keeps the doctor away”. So these are the tips that can help every one to have a good health. * Avoid the risky habit of smoking *Negative effects : Lung cancer / Heart disease / Respiratory illnesses / Stroke / Waste of money * How to quit - Must have the desire to give up smoking, the confidence and the determination to quit this bad habit - Remind yourself of the negative effects of smoking - When you feel tense or like to smoke, get your self busy *Benefits of quitting - Have a better health for the smoker and his family - Save money - Cut the risk of health problems - To smell and taste better - The cough goes a way - The breath smells better * Pupil’s Writing (smoking) “Kill the cigarette before it kills you” Smoking has many dangers such as lung cancer, heart disease, stroke and other respiratory illnesses. It’s a waste of money, so I advise you to stop smoking because when you quit smoking you’ll become healthier, it cuts the risk of health problems and you will have a better health for you and especially for your family. So you must be strong- willed to stop th deadly habit. 22 Lesson 2: ATTITUDES * Examples of attitudes: Loving people and being prudent Taking care of friendship Being brave and fearless Loving one’s country Respecting all people and not being jealous. Being self –confident Being frank and sincere Be better than others in every situation Be always lovely and loving Be always truthful and honest * Vocabulary - Profound (adj) = deep - Coward (adj) = someone who is not courageous - Valiant (adj) = brave - Envy = to be jealous - Sag (v) = bend down - Shake = tremble = shiver ___________________________________________________________________________ Lesson 3: "If ….” By Rudyard Kipling * Vocabulary - Triumph = victory - Give way to = Stop resisting - Make allowance for = to consider something - Virtue = Good behavior and attitude ≠ vice -Foes = enemy -Impostor = a person who pretends to be someone else to deceive people Topic - Do you think that morals are essential to succeed in life? Write a paragraph to express your opinion. - How can you deal with life's problems? Being patient Honest Courageous Cool Prudent Accepting loss and gain Avoid violence by tolerance Peace is better than war so try to be a peaceful man. The most important values people should respect. Solidarity is a noble reaction which strengthens relationships between people in different countries. 23 Lesson 5: Ecodriving (1) How to save energy. Give tips / pieces of advice on how to save energy. What should we do? - A dripping hot water tap wastes energy and in one week wastes enough hot water to fill half a bath so fix leaking taps and make sure they're fully turned off. - Only boil as much water as you need. - Always turn off the lights when you leave a room. - Don’t leave appliances on standby and remember not to leave appliances on charge unnecessarily. (2) Advise people on ecodriving: How to drive while economizing energy, saving money and protecting the environment……..what should we do? The responsibility of the great public to save the environment. - I would reduce my consumption of water. - I would save energy. - I would use non- polluting means of transport. - Share my journeys when possible. - Service the car regularly and maintain the right tyre pressure. - Use my air conditioning sparingly. - Remove roof racks when not in use as they significantly increase air resistance and fuel consumption. Solutions Environme ntal Dangers Pollution Animal and plants extinctio n The government Industry Public Green peace -Legislate laws to fine people when they throw rubbish in the street. -Sensitize people on the media. -To filter toxic fumes. - Reuse and recycle the rubbish. - Building industries far away from the populated areas. - To filter toxic fumes which cause animals’ and even plants’ death -Use non polluting transport. -Reuse bottles and don’t throw away things which can be used again. -Writing ads in which they sensitize people to the negative effects of pollution on people's health. -Speech or TV programs. - Give a good way to nourish animals. - water plants - Protecting some types of animals which become endangered. - Decrease consuming energy in industry. Economizing water and energy consumption. Ads.and TV programs to convene people to economize water - Banning hunting. - Push people to plant more trees. - Protect the resources like water and petrol. Scarcity of natural resourc __________________________________________________________________________________ 24 Lesson 6 p 218 : Urban Exodus. Urban exodus: moving from the town to the country. Rural exodus: moving from the country to the city. * Vocabulary: -Peak (n) =highest level. -Vibrant (adj) = exciting. -Life expectancy (n) =number of years a person is likely to live. -A decade (n) =10 years / a century = 100 years / a millennium = 1000 years. -Outlive (v) =live longer -Decline (n+v) =decrease -Booming (adj) =growing, being successful. * Gammar: *Both “despite” and “although” are conjunctions used to express CONTRAST. A/e.g.: Although he is ill, he comes to school. Although + clause 1 + clause 2. B/e.g.; Despite his illness, he comes to school. Or; he comes to school, despite his illness. Despite + noun + clause OR clause + despite +noun. *the same form is used to have a parallel structure =a parallelism. E.g.: they enjoy better health, longer life and lower crime. Here the structure ‘comparative + noun’ is repeated. Country life Advantages drawbacks *a higher rate of life expectancy: people in the countryside live longer because they are healthier. *a sense of community between the inhabitants: they have a more socially vibrant life. *a clean air and a better quality of water because there is less pollution. *a clean environment and an ecologically healthy atmosphere. *fewer means of entertainment. *fewer means of transport. *fewer amenities. *the bad quality of streets. *boring. The city / town life Advantages *interesting life with more means of entertainment. *easy transport *better job and study opportunities. 25 drawbacks *traffic jam. *polluted air and water. *noisy. *crowded *dangerous with higher rates of crime. *more accidents. * Possible topics: o Which do you prefer, country life or city life? Why? o Are you for or against urban exodus? Why? Write a paragraph to state your viewpoint and support it with convincing arguments. ________________________________________________________________ Lesson 7 p 222: A NEWSCAST. * Vocab: - Crippled = damaged. - Hampered = made more difficult. - To shiver = to tremble, to shake. - Endangered = threatened. - Plummeting = dropping rapidly. - A drizzle= a light rain - To pour = to rain heavily “it’s raining cats and dogs” - A thick mist = fog. *GRAMMAR: The passive *Use: we use the passive form when we don’t know the doer of the action or when the action is more important than the doer. E.g.: - Drivers are asked to take care. - A state of emergency was declared. Structure :object + to be (in the tense of the active verb) + past participle -Units of measurement: * Temperature: degree Celsius. / Degree Fahrenheit. * Distance and length: the foot, the inch, yard, mile. *Weight / mass: stone, pound, ounce. __________________________________________________________________________________ Lesson 8 p227: Staff Management Employment- related words: * Staff = all the workers employed in an organization. * To manage = to run * The manager = the boss, the chief, the employer. * To dismiss = to fire, to sack, to force someone to leave a job * Wage = salary, pay. * Company = firm. *Vocabulary: - To be keen = to be interested. - Going green = concerned with the protection of the environment. - Utterly = completely. 26 - Strike = refuse to work as a protest. - Culprit = person or thing causing a problem or crime. - Asset = valuable, useful person or thing. - To reckon = to think. *Grammar: parallelism: E.g.: I like not only reading novels but also watching films. The structure: “v + ing + noun” is repeated - Such reforms help reduce poverty and improve people’s life. The structure “bare infinitive + noun” is repeated. - Shakespeare wrote comedies, tragedies, romances and historical plays. The structure» Plural noun” is repeated.. * Possible topics. 1) Write an article about bad / poor staff management, problems which may exist between managers and employees, and its implications on the company. Managers’ attitudes Employees’ feelings -don’t encourage their employees. -fail to keep them interested. -don’ trust them. -don’t respect them -don’t care about them as people -threaten to fire them - Demotivated to work - Disappointed. - Physically present, but psychologically absent -Threaten to strike Consequent effects on the company. Crisis, low productivity, underperformance. 2) How should employers and employees behave towards each others? - There should exist a mutual respect among them. - The employer should consider his workers as human beings, not as machines and should treat them in the same way. - The employer should punish the worker if he underperforms and should reward and encourage him if he is competent. - The employee should work seriously, consider the company as his own and care about its future. - Both the boss and the worker should communicate with each others and there should exist a dialogue between them. Lesson 9 p232: job ads. Looking for a job, young graduates read job ads which contain the position offered, the requirements (needed qualities) and the advantages of the advertised job. 27 *collocation: - seek / look for / search a job. - to be proficient at English. - Application form. - High-quality research. - Career path – Cultural tourism. – Team leader. – Personal office. – Closing date. - Job ads. *pairs of synonyms: - Seeking = looking for. - Proficient = experienced. - CV = bio data. - Per annum = per year. -commitment = willingness to work hard -potential = qualities. -closing date = deadline. -Applicant = candidate. Suggested writing: *you have just completed your university studies. Choose an advertised job and write a letter to apply for it. Talk about the reasons for your writing, mention your qualifications, personal and physical qualities, experience and special achievements in that domain. Formal layout: A. The sender’s address. B. Date. C. Name and address of the receiver. D. The opening (Dear sir/madam’/ receiver’s name). E. The lettre / the body. F. The closing (yours faithfully / sincerely / truly) G. Signature. H. The sender’s name in block letters. E.g.: Pupil’s writing Revolution Street Zarat 6026 02/05/2010 Middle East virtual school. 21 Nobel Street, London. Dear Sir, In replay to your advertisement in the “Time” newspaper for an English teacher, I would like to be considered for the position. The qualifications you ask for are closely related to those I have. I have a doctorate in English with a certificate in translation from English to French. I have also replaced a teacher for 6 months, and have worked in a translation office for 2 years. For the social qualifications, I am a man with great abilities to communicate specially with kids who were the main thesis in my doctorate. For using the computer, I have a diploma in using all the windows and of course I am excellent at using the net.. I hope that you will consider my application favorably and I am waiting for your answer as soon as possible Yours faithful. (Signature) AYMEN NAJJAR. 28 __________________________________________________________________________________ For arts students: session 8 p 235 “The Richer, The poorer” Words related to richness Words related to poverty rich/the haves/wealthy/fortunate/ luxurious affluent/comfortable/well-to-do. -the have-nots/poor/badlyoff/broke/impoveriched/needy/penniless/penurio us/short /tight/”to live in rags” *vocabulary Word To race Sorrow To employ Precious Economically synonyms To move fast Sadness To hire Valuable Frugally. Word To save Sorrow Feel happy Criticize To deny Antonyms To waste Joy To grieve(v) grief(n) Praise To confess. For arts students: session 9 p 240:”A Secret For Two” By QUENTIN REYNOLDS *vocabulary: -anxious (adj) = worried (adj) -Anxiety (n) = worry (n) -to retire = to quit one’s job because of old age / retirement (n) -to be panic-stricken = to be extremely shocked -weary (adj) = extremely tired -deliberately = on purpose ≠ accidentally -to mirror = to reflect -to pass away = to die. ________________________________________________________________ For art students: session 10 p 245 “What a Wonderful World!” *vocabulary: -optimistic = hopeful ≠ pessimistic = hopeless, desperate (adj) despair (n) -to be fascinated = to be impressed -marvels (n) = marvelous (adj) -sacred = holy. _____________________________________________________________ 29
