Unit: Safety First Grammar Explorer: Direct / Reported (Indirect) Speech
1. Reporting Statements:
Task: Study the following sentences then deduce the rules:
Direct Speech
Indirect (Reported) Speech
1.Amir says: “I like eating fast food”
2. Amir has said: “I like eating fast
food”.
3. Amir said: “I like eating fast food”.
1-Amir says ………………………….…………………………………
2-Amir has said………………………………………..……………………..
3- Amir said……………………………………………………………………
Rule: If the reporting verb is in simple past tense, this will change the tense of the reported statement.
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
1. Present Simple :
Specialists declared:” Technology helps the
spread of advertising for children today”.
2. Present Continuous:
Specialists replied:” Technology is helping the
spread of advertising for children now”.
3. Present Perfect
Specialists declared:” Technology has helped
the spread of advertising for children”.
4. Past Simple:
Specialists declared:” Technology helped
the spread of advertising for these children”.
5. Past Continuous:
Specialists said:” Technology was helping
the spread of advertising for children”.
6. Past Perfect:
Specialists said:” Technology had helped
the spread of advertising for children”.
7. Simple Future:
Specialists said: “Technology will help the
spread of advertising for children tomorrow”.
8. Present Modals: can /shall /may/must/
have to/ought to
Specialists said: “Technology can help the
spread of advertising for children”.
1. Past Simple :
Specialists declared……………………………………….………
2. Past Continuous:
Specialists replied……………………………………………………
3. Past Perfect:
Specialists declared……………………………………………………
4. Past Simple:
Specialists declared……………………………………………………
5. Past perfect Continuous:
Specialists said……………………………………………………….
6. Past Perfect:
Specialists said………………………………………..………………..
7. Conditional Present:
Specialists said………………………………………………………..
8. Past Modals: could/should/might/had to/ had to/ought to
Specialists said…………………………………………………………
Tense Shift:
2. Reporting Questions:
A/ WH/ Questions: Rewrite the following sentences:
Direct Speech
Indirect (Reported) Speech
1.Amir asks: “ Where do we find advertising?’’
2.Amir has asked me………………………
3.Amir asked: ”Where do we find advertising?”.
4.The teacher questioned : “ What are the
consequences of food imbalance ?”.
5. “……………………………. ?”, They asked.
1-Amir asks ………………………………………………
2-Amir has asked me where he finds advertising
3- Amir asked……………………………………………………
4. The teacher questioned……………………………………..
5. They asked when people ate a lot of sweets
Direct Speech
Indirect (reported) Speech
Pronouns
I
We My Our Me Us
I / She / He We / They
My / His / Her Our / Their
Me / Him / Her Us / Them
Demonstratives
Here This These
There That Those
Time expressions
Now Today Tonight
Yesterday Tomorrow
Hour-day-month-week-year ago
Ago ……..
Next …….
Last ……..
Then
That day That night
The day before/ the previous… The following day/ the day after
Hour-day-month-week-year before
….before
The following …/The ….after
The previous…./ ….before
The tense in direct speech
The tense in reported speech
- Simple present
-Simple past
- Present continuous (is/ are/ am + stem + ing)
-Past continuous (was/ were+ stem+ ing)
- Present perfect simple (have+ P.P)
-Past perfect simple (had+ P.P)
- Present perfect continuous (have+ been+ stem +
ing)
-Past perfect continuous(had+ been+ stem +
ing)
- Simple past
-Past perfect simple
- Past continuous
-Past perfect continuous(had+ been+ stem +
ing)
- Past perfect simple
-Past perfect simple
- Past perfect continuous
-Past perfect continuous
- Simple future
-Conditional (would + stem)
A/ Yes/ No Questions: Rewrite the following sentences:
Direct Speech
Indirect (Reported) Speech
1. “Does advertising affect children’s
consumption?”, the teacher asked us.
2.“Have you ever been victim of food
poisoning?”, the doctor wanted to know.
3.My friend questioned
me…………………………………………
1- The teacher asked us…………………………………………………..……
2. The doctor wanted to know………………………………….…………….
3. My friend questioned me if I usually read the labels on the packages.
3. Imperatives / Commands :
A/ Positive commands: Rewrite the following sentences:
Direct Speech
Indirect (Reported) Speech
1.“Take care of your health!”, the teacher advised
us.
2. “…………………………………….………”,
mother ordered me.
3.Mother orders me: “Stop eating fast food!”
1. The teacher advised us……………………………….…………
2. Mother ordered me to stop eating fast food.
3. Mother orders me……………………………………………..
B/ Negative Commands: Rewrite the following sentences:
Direct Speech
Indirect (Reported) Speech
1. Mother advised me:“ Don’t eat these leftovers”.
2. “……………………………………………... ”,
Father warned me : “.
3. Mother advises me: “Don’t eat these leftovers,
it’s nearly 3 days since they have been in the
fridge”.
1. Mother advised me…………………………………….……
2. Father warned me not to touch electric wires”.
3. Mother advises me…………………………………………...
1
/
4
100%
