SAFETY FIRST Direct Reported Speech

Unit: Safety First
Grammar Explorer: Direct / Reported (Indirect) Speech
1. Reporting Statements:
Task: Study the following sentences then deduce the rules:
Direct Speech
Indirect (Reported) Speech
1.Amir says: “I like eating fast food”
1-Amir says ………………………….…………………………………
2. Amir has said: “I like eating fast
food”.
2-Amir has said………………………………………..……………………..
3- Amir said……………………………………………………………………
3. Amir said: “I like eating fast food”.
 Rule: If the reporting verb is in simple past tense, this will change the tense of the reported statement.
Direct Speech
1. Present Simple :
Specialists declared:” Technology helps the
spread of advertising for children today”.
Indirect Speech
1. Past Simple :
Specialists declared……………………………………….………
2. Present Continuous:
2. Past Continuous:
Specialists replied:” Technology is helping the Specialists replied……………………………………………………
spread of advertising for children now”.
3. Present Perfect
Specialists declared:” Technology has helped
the spread of advertising for children”.
3. Past Perfect:
Specialists declared……………………………………………………
4. Past Simple:
Specialists declared:” Technology helped
the spread of advertising for these children”.
4. Past Simple:
Specialists declared……………………………………………………
5. Past Continuous:
Specialists said:” Technology was helping
the spread of advertising for children”.
5. Past perfect Continuous:
Specialists said……………………………………………………….
6. Past Perfect:
Specialists said:” Technology had helped
the spread of advertising for children”.
6. Past Perfect:
Specialists said………………………………………..………………..
7. Simple Future:
Specialists said: “Technology will help the
spread of advertising for children tomorrow”.
7. Conditional Present:
Specialists said………………………………………………………..
8. Present Modals: can /shall /may/must/
8. Past Modals: could/should/might/had to/ had to/ought to
have to/ought to
Specialists said…………………………………………………………
Specialists said: “Technology can help the
spread of advertising for children”.
I / She / He
We / They
My / His / Her
Our / Their
Me / Him / Her
Us / Them
There
That
Those
Pronouns
Indirect (reported) Speech
I
We
My
Our
Me
Us
Demonstratives
Here
This
These
Time expressions
Direct Speech
Now
Today
Tonight
Yesterday
Tomorrow
Hour-day-month-week-year ago
Ago ……..
Next …….
Last ……..
Then
That day
That night
The day before/ the previous…
The following day/ the day after
Hour-day-month-week-year before
….before
The following …/The ….after
The previous…./ ….before
Tense Shift:
The tense in direct speech
- Simple present
- Present continuous (is/ are/ am + stem + ing)
- Present perfect simple (have+ P.P)
- Present perfect continuous (have+ been+ stem +
ing)
- Simple past
- Past continuous
The tense in reported speech
-Simple past
-Past continuous (was/ were+ stem+ ing)
-Past perfect simple (had+ P.P)
-Past perfect continuous(had+ been+ stem +
ing)
-Past perfect simple
-Past perfect continuous(had+ been+ stem +
ing)
-Past perfect simple
-Past perfect continuous
-Conditional (would + stem)
- Past perfect simple
- Past perfect continuous
- Simple future
2. Reporting Questions:
A/ WH/ Questions: Rewrite the following sentences:
Direct Speech
Indirect (Reported) Speech
1.Amir asks: “ Where do we find advertising?’’
1-Amir asks ………………………………………………
2.Amir has asked me………………………
2-Amir has asked me where he finds advertising
3.Amir asked: ”Where do we find advertising?”.
3- Amir asked……………………………………………………
4.The teacher questioned : “ What are the
consequences of food imbalance ?”.
4. The teacher questioned……………………………………..
5. “……………………………. ?”, They asked.
5. They asked when people ate a lot of sweets
A/ Yes/ No Questions: Rewrite the following sentences:
Direct Speech
Indirect (Reported) Speech
1. “Does advertising affect children’s
consumption?”, the teacher asked us.
1- The teacher asked us…………………………………………………..……
2.“Have you ever been victim of food
poisoning?”, the doctor wanted to know.
2. The doctor wanted to know………………………………….…………….
3.My friend questioned
3. My friend questioned me if I usually read the labels on the packages.
me…………………………………………
3. Imperatives / Commands :
A/ Positive commands: Rewrite the following sentences:
Direct Speech
Indirect (Reported) Speech
1.“Take care of your health!”, the teacher advised
us.
1. The teacher advised us……………………………….…………
2. “…………………………………….………”,
mother ordered me.
2. Mother ordered me to stop eating fast food.
3.Mother orders me: “Stop eating fast food!”
3. Mother orders me……………………………………………..
B/ Negative Commands: Rewrite the following sentences:
Direct Speech
Indirect (Reported) Speech
1. Mother advised me:“ Don’t eat these leftovers”.
1. Mother advised me…………………………………….……
2. “……………………………………………... ”,
Father warned me : “.
2. Father warned me not to touch electric wires”.
3. Mother advises me: “Don’t eat these leftovers,
it’s nearly 3 days since they have been in the
fridge”.
3. Mother advises me…………………………………………...