Grammar: Cause, Effect, Contrast, Quantifiers

Grammar Explorer 01(unit02: Safety first)
As you Read: Read the check passage below and complete the table
Many people can face health problems just because of their bad eating habits; they often consume food loaded with fat,
salt, sugar and calories. As a result, they may suffer digestion problems, blood pressure, heart diseases and obesity.
Chocolate and greasy food are often blamed for acne since they are filled with carbohydrates.
Today, fast food becomes very popular especially among teenagers owing to the continuous publicity; you see fast food
ads everywhere whether it is on a website or on TV; they can easily influence what you eat and where you eat. In fact, most
consumers prefer eating pizza, hamburgers, French fries instead of having home prepared meals due to their prices and
availability.
Hence, nutritionists launch a counterattack to convince people about the serious health implications that may undergo if
they do not stop eating fast food as they do now. As a consequence, they suggest more organic and healthier foods to
ensure a balanced diet.
1. Complete the table below using the structures above
expressing cause
expressing effect
Task 1: Rewrite sentences (b) so that it means the same as (a):
a- He is obese since he consumes an excessive amount of fatty food.
b- Due to……………………………………………………………….....................................
a- It was a salty food. Therefore, we couldn’t eat it.
b- Because of………………………………., …………………………………………………
a- Many people suffer from obesity as they eat too much junk food.
b-…………………………………………………. as a result, …………
Task 2: Join each of the pairs of sentences below using the link words provided in brackets:
1. Advertising is necessary for new businesses/Advertising informs consumers about the services and
products they offer. (because)
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2. Fast foods are largely advertised/Many people have developed unhealthy drinking and eating habits. (as a
result)
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3. Consumers are aware of the importance of the environment/Most food industries now put eco-labels on the
packages of their products. (since)
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4. Advertisements of unhealthy foods are as harmful as advertisements for cigarettes. They should be banned.
(Therefore )
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5. The many advertisements to which they are exposed while watching TV. People eat too many products
which contain a large amount of fat and sugar. (because of)
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Expressing causes and effects

Grammar Explorer 02: (unit02 : Safety first)
Examples :
1. Most people know that fatty and sugary food can cause a loss of their energy balance but they find it
difficult to refrain from eating them.
2. A great many of these children don’t pay much attention to the amount of fast food they eat although
parents advise their children to eat sensibly.
3. In spite of its harmful effects, people still consume fast food.
Note :
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Task 1: Rewrite sentence (b) so that it means the same as (a): (using the words in brackets )
a- Advertising promotes goods but it doesn’t sell them. (Although)
b- …………………………………..………………………………………………………..
a- Advertising plays an important role in our daily life but it isn’t always positive. (despite)
b - …………………………………………………….. …………………………………….
a-The authorities have warned people not to consume the contaminated milk ; however, some people still
buy that milk. (Even though)
b- …………..………………………………………………………………………………..
a- Many people have developed unhealthy drinking and eating habits although they know that it is dangerous
for their health. (in spite of )
b- …………..………………………………………………………………………………..
Task 2: Join each of the pairs of sentences below using the link words provided in brackets:
1. Advertising creates needs. Advertising doesn’t offer satisfaction. (but)
…………..………………………………………………………………………………..
2. She accepted the job. The salary was rather low. (however)
…………..………………………………………………………………………………..
3. He didn’t succeed. He work hard. (in spite of )
…………..………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Advertising stimulates innovation and competition. Advertising misleads consumers. (although)
…………..………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Bribery is an unethical behaviour. People still giving bribes. (despite the fact that)
…………..………………………………………………………………………………..
6. a lot of children eat chips. Chips have harmful effects. ( despite )
…………..………………………………………………………………………………..
Expressing concession and contrast

Grammar Explorer 3: (unit02 : Safety first)
Examples:
1. Classify the nouns written in bold in the table below. Then, classify the underlined words as well.
a. If they drink too little water, they won’t have enough energy.
c. If people buy too many purchases, it’s because of the many advertisements they’re exposed to.
b. If they eat too much food, they will put on weight.
d. If they eat too few products, which provide them with enough quantities of fibre, it’s because of the
many advertisements they’re exposed to.
Countable nouns
Uncountable nouns
Quantifiers
Task 1: Classify the nouns below in the chart that follows: people – study – homework- government- time –
influence - product – family -– money – sugar – health – sandwich
Countable nouns
Uncountable nouns
Task 2: Choose the best quantifier to fill in the gaps : many – much – few – little
a. Eating too ……………… sugar may cause diabetes.
b. Too ……………… vitamin A may result in poor eyesight.
c. Eating too ………………. fat can make one overweight.
d. He doesn’t reach the price of the phone, he needs …………….. money to buy it.
e. she doesn’t like to wear a lot of jewelry, but she puts on ……………….. make-up every day.
f. How ……………… hours will you study tomorrow?
g. He speaks Spanish very well but sometimes he makes …………… mistakes.
h. why don’t you wait ……………? I’m sure he’ll come.
Quantifiers