7784298-A-piping-Joint-Handbook

Piping Joints
Handbook
Document No. D/UTG/054/00
03000785 (RP2066) May 2000

Acknowledgements
This Handbook was originally written and illustrated by
E. Marston (BPE) on behalf of the Forties Field Group in 1991.
This version was updated in May 2000 and edited by
F. Zezula (BP Amoco, UTG, Sunbury) and
C. Durden (BP Amoco, Dyce).
A “hard”pocket size version of this Handbook can be
ordered from XFM Reprographics, BP Amoco, Dyce Office,
Tel. [phone] or via En-Garde quoting Ref. RP2066.
This updated version replaces the document previously
issued under Document No: XEG/G/94/0074.
Further information is available from:
Mechanical Consultant, UTG, Dyce;
Piping & Pressure Systems Consultant, UTG, Sunbury
03000785 May 2000

Piping Joints
Handbook
Introduction
This booklet has been written as an introduction to and a
source of general information on pipe joints.
The flanged joint appears deceptively simple but in fact the
science of flanges and joint sealing is complex and continu-
ously developing. Sound joints are critical to piping integrity and
plant safety.
A pipe joint thus relies on the skill and application of the fitter
who puts it together. Correct selection of materials, application
of procedures, correct use of tools combined with the fitter’s
skill are all required to ensure a joint of maximum integrity.
But mistakes have happened; choosing the wrong gaskets,
using the wrong studbolts. Such mistakes cannot be ignored.
The purpose of this booklet is therefore to increase under-
standing about pipe joints; from pipe specifications and how to
use them, to studbolts and how to identify them.With increased
awareness and knowledge, it is expected that mistakes will be
prevented.
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Contents Page
1. Technical Data - Company and National Standards 7
1.1 BP Amoco Engineering Standards 7
1.2 ANSI/API Standards 7
1.3 British Standards 8
1.4 Piping Specifications 9
2. Flanges 11
2.1 Flange Standards 12
2.2 Flange Facings 12
2.3 Flange Face Re-Machining 14
2.4 Flange Types 16
2.5 Flange Specification and Identification 21
2.6 Pipe Flanges - Do’s and Don’ts 22
2.7 Flange Surface Finish and Flange Distortion 23
3. Gaskets 25
3.1 Selection of Gasket Material 25
3.2 Fugitive Emissions 26
3.3 Compatibility with Fluid 27
3.4 Temperature 27
3.5 Internal Pressure 29
3.6 Special Considerations 29
3.7 RTJ (Ring Type Joint) Gaskets 32
3.8 Spiral Wound Gaskets 36
3.9 Sheet Gaskets 43
3.10 Compressed Asbestos Fibre Gasket (CAF) 46
3.11 Gaskets for Lined Pipework 47
3.12 Gaskets - Do’s and Don’ts 49
4. Compact Flanged Joints 51
4.1 Taper-Lok 51
4.2 Graylock Coupling 53
4.3 Other Designs 54
4.4 Compact Flanges Specification and Identification 55
03000785, May 2000 page 3