Cardinal Marks North Cardinal East Cardinal South Cardinal West Cardinal Topmark 2 black cones, one above the other, points upward 2 black cones, one above the other, points downward Colour Black above yellow Shape of buoys Pillar or spare Pillar or spare 2 black cones, one above the other, point to point Yellow with a single broad horizontal black band Pillar or spare Colour White 2 black cones, one above the other, base to base Black with a single broad horizontal yellow band Pillar or spare Light (When fitted) White White White VQ (6) + long flash every 10s or Q (6) + long flash every 15s VQ (9° every 10s or Q (9) every 15s VQ or Q Rhythm VQ (3) every 10s or Q (3) every 15s Yellow above black Q = Flash frequency is at least 50 or 60 flashes per minute (1.2 or 1 flashes per second) VQ = Flash frequency is at least 100 or 120 flashes per minute (0.6 or 0.5 flashes per second) Lateral Marks Region A Colour Buoy Shape Topmark (If any) Light Colour (When fitted) Light Rhythm (when fitted) Colour Buoy Shape Topmark (If any) Light Colour (When fitted) Light Rhythm (when fitted) Port Hand Marks Starboard Hand Marks Red Cylindrical (can), pillar or spar Single red cylinder (can) Red Any apart from composite group flashing ( 2 + 1) Green Conical, pillar or spar Single green cone, point upwards Green Any apart from composite group flashing ( 2 + 1) Preferred Channel to Starboard Red with one broad green horizontal band Cylindrical (can), pillar or spar Single red cylinder (can) Red Composite group flashing ( 2 + 1 ) Preferred Channel to Starboard Green with one broad red horizontal band Conical, pillar or spar Single green cone, point upwards Green Composite group flashing ( 2 + 1 ) Colour Buoy Shape Topmark (If any) Light Colour (When fitted) Light Rhythm (when fitted) Isolated Danger Mark Black with one or more broad horizontal red bands Optimal, but not conflicting with lateral marks; pillar or spar preferred Two black spheres, one above the other White Group flashing (2) Special Marks Yellow Colour Buoy Shape Topmark (If any) Light Colour (When fitted) Light Rhythm (when fitted) Pictogram Optional, but not conflicting with lateral marks Single Yellow X shape Yellow Any, other than those reserved for cardinal, isolated danger and safe water marks The use of pictogram is authorized, as defined by a competent authority Safe Water Mark Red & White vertical stripes Spherical; pillar or spar with spherical topmark Single red sphere White Isophase, occulting, one long flash every 10s or Morse A New Dangers Marks Blue/Yellow vertical stripes in equal number dimensions (minimum 4 stripes & maximum 8) Pillar or spar Vertical/Perpendicular Yellow cross Yellow/blue alternating One second of blue light and one second of yellow light with 0.5sec of darkness between
