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La Lettre du Gynécologue • n° 355 octobre 2010 | 11
DOSSIER
trois protocoles n’a fait la preuve indiscutable de
sa supériorité. Par ailleurs, l’utilisation de doses très
fortes (> 375 UI par jour) augmente le nombre d’ovo-
cytes et d’embryons mais n’a jamais montré son
efficacité sur les taux de grossesses dans plusieurs
études randomisées.
Concernant les traitements adjuvants, il n’existe à ce
jour aucun traitement étiologique de l’IO. Des essais
ont été effectués avec plusieurs molécules pour tenter
d’améliorer la RO. La testostérone, la DHEA, les corti-
coïdes, la pilule, la mélatonine, les inhibiteurs de l’aro-
matase et la GH ont été proposés. La DHEA a donné
des résultats intéressants mais il n’existe aucune large
étude randomisée permettant de recommander son
usage. Dans deux méta-analyses récentes, les auteurs
concluent à une efficacité démontrée de la GH mais
Références bibliographiques
le nombre total de patientes traitées reste faible.
Au total, et quelle que soit l’attitude thérapeutique
choisie, les patientes atteintes d’IO ont des résultats
faibles en dehors des patientes jeunes (< 35 ans) chez
qui les résultats cumulés peuvent être satisfaisants.
A contrario, il faut s’abstenir de traiter les patientes
de plus de 38-40 ans avec des dosages très altérés
(FSH > 12 IU/l ; AMH < 1 ng/ml) et/ou un compte
folliculaire très bas (< 5 FA). Chez ces patientes, on
peut être amené à proposer une prise en charge simple
et limitée dans le temps. Chez les patientes de plus 38
ans ayant moins de 5 ovocytes, les résultats de la FIV
sont catastrophiques. Primum non nocere, évitons d’ex-
poser ces patientes à de multiples traitements voués à
l’échec et associés à un retentissement psychologique
non négligeable. ■
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