Dispositifs de lecture savante

!"
#$%&'%$($)%"*+",+-(./+"%0102(+"
34.502$%5+"+("2.56/$7.+8"
!"#$%&'()*&+#)'((
'/902$%6+"&0/",+",0:'/0('$/+"#$-+2;<#="3>'.$%+"?+/@+0.8A"
,BC?D"EFG!"H/I-H2;JKL?H?"3H./6,$+2"M+//0"+("H22+"
N$*+0.8"+(",OC=D"P4$,,$0"*+"P0/$%"Q.+%("R02(+//+">0"#6)+2%+"
3Q,$1$+/"D+20.(8"+2"&0/(+20/$0("01+-",O</$A"I+2%"P.:,$-"+("
,O.2$1+/%$(6"*+"?'2(/60,"
"
,'#)-(..(,/%0-'$(.123(
PS,+".2$1+/%$(0$/+">+'20/*"*+"N$2-$A">0"#6)+2%+""
%0,,+"TTF"3+2",$0$%'2"1$*6'"01+-",+"U020*08"
"
45675899:(
;<=;<>1(H--.+$,"+("'.1+/(./+"&0/">'.$%+"?+/@+0.(
;<>3=21<23((
?<$-@+-/%(!/A"B(
Nouvelles(Alexandries(:(lire(à(l’âge(du(numérique(
DLIC?L"V"U+(" +W&'%6" +2(/+,0-+/0" *+.W" )$,%" -'2*.-(+./%" V" -+,.$" *+" 5+%" /+-4+/-4+%" %./" ,+%" 5'2*+%"
,+((/6%" 02($7.+%A" ,+./%" /0&&'/(%" 0." ,$1/+A" X" ,0" :$:,$'(4Y7.+A" X" ,O0/-4$1+" *+%" %01'$/%"Z" -+,.$" *+" 5+%"
&/'&/+%"&/0($7.+%"*+",+-(+./"+("*+"-4+/-4+./A"%./".2"5'*+"/6),+W$)A"X",O4+./+"*+%"(+W(+%"+("*+%"'.($,%"
2.56/$7.+%[" \O0:'/*+/0$" +2" &0/($-.,$+/" ,+%" &/0($7.+%" *+" 201$90($'2A" *O$2*+W0($'2" +(" *O+W(/0-($'2A"
0$2%$"7.+"('.%",+%"9+%(+%"']",+-(./+"+("6-/$(./+"%'2("$2*$%%'-$0:,+5+2(",$6+%["
"
?QJ;U>L"V",+-(./+"
?<$-@+-/%(!/A"B"3^>$+.W#+I01'$/8"+%("4$%('/$+2A"*$/+-(+./"*+"/+-4+/-4+"0."URDIA"*$/+-(+./"*O6(.*+%"X",OLKLII"
+("5+5:/+"*+",OC?D""H2(4/'&','9$+"+("4$%('$/+"*+%"5'2*+%"02($7.+%"3HRK<?H8"X",B<2%($(.("R0($'20,"*BK$%('$/+"
*+",BH/("3<RKH8["<,"*$/$9+"*+&.$%"_FFE",+"&/'`+("!"#$%&'#&()*+",A"&.:,$-0($'2"-',,+-($1+"*O.2"/6%+0."$2(+/20($'20,"
*+"-4+/-4+./%"'))/02(".2+"02(4/'&','9$+"4$%('/$7.+"-'5&0/6+"*+%"&/0($7.+%"%0102(+%A"*'2("'2" &+.("%.$1/+"
,O0102-+5+2(" %./" ,+" -0/2+("*+" /+-4+/-4+" ,$+.W*+%01'$/[4a&'(4+%+%['/9[" I+%" (/010.W" &'/(+2(" %./" ,0"
56(05'/&4'%+"*+%"&/0($7.+%"+("*+%"$2%(($(.$'2%"*+",+-(./+%A"*+",O02($7.$(6"0."2.56/$7.+"+2"&0%%02("&0/",0"
(/0*$($'2"+./'&6+22+"5'*+/2+["
21<.1=22<(
:CC/%#DE(F"#A<-'$(
La(délégation(des(savoirs(et(la(lecture(savante(aux(seuils(de(la(polyphonie(énonciative(
DLIC?L"V"H." -'./%"*+",0"7.b(+"5a(4','9$7.+"*O.2+",+-(./+"%0102(+"0%%$%(6+"&0/",0"50-4$2+A"2'.%"
01$'2%"'.:,$6",0"20(./+"5b5+"*."9+%(+"*+",$/+"'."&,.%"+W0-(+5+2(",0"26-+%%$(6"-'5&/64+2%$1+"*+"-+"
9+%(+" *+" ,+-(./+[" #+" 7.+,,+" 20(./+" +%(" ,0" ,+-(./+" %0102(+" /+7.$%+" &0/" ,O6*$($'2" -/$($7.+" c" d.+,%"
)02(0%5+%"($%%6%"*+//$Y/+",O$*6+"*+",O6(0:,$%%+5+2("*O.2+"6*$($'2"-/$($7.+"0%%$%(6+"&0/"'/*$20(+./"c"
L2"05'2("*+"-+%"7.+%($'2%"02-$+22+%"*6`X"e"&'./"b(/+"0."5'$2%"46/$($Y/+%"*+",O6&'7.+"56*$610,+"
eA"0)),+./+".2+"0.(/+"&/':,650($7.+"-'2(+5&'/0$2+"&,.%"9626/0,+"V"7.+,,+"&0/(",0"50-4$2+"&+.(;
+,,+"0%%.5+/"*+",0"50/7.+"&',a&4'2$7.+"*."f"*$/+"*+",O6-/$/+"g"c"#+"7.+,,+"20(./+"+%(",0"&0/("*+"
,O6-/$/+"7.+"%+.,",O4'55+"0((+2($'226"&'.//0"$2(+/&/6(+/"c"
"
?QJ;U>L"V"&',a&4'2$+"

_"
:CC/%#DE( F"#A<-'$"+%("P/')+%%+./"X",OC2$1+/%$(6"P0/$%;I'/:'22+";"UL>IHA"5+5:/+"*."hD<P<U"3LH"
!Gij8[" k*$(+./" *+%" l.1/+%" *+" D0a5'2*" d.+2+0." &'./" ,0" f" M$:,$'(4Y7.+" *+" ,0" P,6$0*+" gA" f" >+%"
U04$+/%"*+",0"RD="g"'."f"=',$'"gA"$,"+%("/6*0-(+./"+2"-4+)"*+",0"/+1.+"-+..$/"0)1"+/&2&3)/4)4#5["I+%"
/+-4+/-4+%"%O'/$+2(+2("0.('./"*+",O62'2-$0($'2"6*$('/$0,+A",0"(+W(.0,$%0($'2"*+%"&/0($7.+%"%'-$0,+%"*."
2.56/$7.+A",0"(46'/$+"*+%"&+($(%"6-/02%"+(",0"&'6($7.+"*+",0"-'55.2$-0($'2"$2)/0;'/*$20$/+["
22<13=22<G3(
!'/%=H$/%I"-@(J'$+(
Écrire(à(la(marge(:(Marcel(Mauss,(un(anthropologue(paradoxal(
"
DLIC?L"V" ?0/-+," ?0.%%A" ,O.2" *+%" &Y/+%" )'2*0(+./%" *+" ,O02(4/'&','9$+" )/02m0$%+" +%(" .2" f"%0102("g"
&0/0*'W0,[" L(42','9.+A" )'/502(" ,.$;5b5+" *+%" +(42','9.+%" 0." f"(+//0$2"g" X" &0/($/" *." 5$,$+." *+%"
0226+%" !i_FA" $," 2O+2" )$(" &'./(02(" 0.-.2A" &/6)6/02(" %+" ,$1/+/" X" *+%" ,+-(./+%" -/$($7.+%" *O'.1/09+%"
1+202("*O+W&,'/0(+./%A"*O01+2(./$+/%"'."*+",$29.$%(+%"7.$"%+,'2",.$"%'2("&,.%"+2"&40%+"01+-",0"/60,$(6"
+(",0"1$+"-'2-/Y(+"*+%"&'&.,0($'2%"$2*$9Y2+%["P+2*02("&,.%$+./%"*6-+22$+%A"%'2"0-($1$(6"&/$2-$&0,+"0"
6(6"*+" ,$/+A"50$%"*+" ,$/+"+2"$2%-/$102("%./" ,+%"50/9+%" %+%"$2(.$($'2%A"%+%"-/$($7.+%A"+(" %+%"/60-($'2%"
05.%6+%" '." )/02-4+5+2(" 4'%($,+%["UO+%(" .2" &0/-'./%" *02%" ,0":$:,$'(4Y7.+"*+" ?0/-+," ?0.%%A"
-'2%+/16+" 0." ?.%6+" *." d.0$" M/02,aA" 7.+" 2'.%" 2'.%" &/'&'%'2%" *O+))+-(.+/A" .2" &0/-'./%" 7.$" +2"
-/+.W"/61Y,+".2+"4$%('$/+"*$))6/+2(+"*+",O02(4/'&','9$+")/02m0$%+"*+",0"&/+5$Y/+"5'$($6"*."nn+"%$Y-,+["
"
?QJ;U>L"V"022'(0($'2"
!'/%=H$/%I"-@( J'$+"3^\=oM+/(8" +%(" ?0p(/+" *+" -'2)6/+2-+" +(" *+" /+-4+/-4+" K#D" +2" I-$+2-+%" I'-$0,+%" X"
,OC2$1+/%$(6"*+">0.%022+"3I.$%%+8A"']"$,"+%("5+5:/+"*+",O<2%($(.("/+,$9$'2%A"-.,(./+%A"5'*+/2$(6["<,"%O$2(6/+%%+"X"
,O02(4/'&','9$+"*+%"&/0($7.+%"-.,(./+,,+%A"7.$",+"-'2*.$("2'(055+2("X"-'5&0/+/",+%"(+-42$7.+%"%0102(+%"+(",+%"
(+-42$7.+%" %&$/$(.+,,+%[" <," *61+,'&&+" 0$2%$" ,O0-($1$(6" %0102(+" *02%" %'2" '.1/09+" 6$7#5180#& 9$7$/#& ),0:"*#& '#&
0:#,0:#$,&;&&0/."+2"_F!GA"+("&'./",+7.+,"$,"*'22+/0".2+"-'2)6/+2-+",+"!q"`021$+/"_F!q["
22<31=2.<>1(
:E'%/(4-'$/KK"(
L’édition(comme(représentation(
DLIC?L"V" J'.(+" 6*$($'2" $2-0/2+" .2" 5'*Y,+" 6*$('/$0," +(" .2+" (46'/$+" X" (/01+/%" ,+%7.+,%" +,,+%"
/+&/6%+2(+2(" ,+" (+W(+" *+" 7.+,7.+" )0m'2[" P'./(02(A" -+/(0$2%" 6*$(+./%" %-$+2($)$7.+%" &/6(+2*+2("
&/6%+2(+/" ,+./" (+W(+" -'55+" f",Or.1/+"g" +,,+;5b5+" +(" $,%" 2+" /+-'220$%%+2(" 7.+" /0/+5+2(" ,0"
%$5&,$)$-0($'2"+(",0"/+;&/6%+2(0($'2"7.+",+./"5'*Y,+"3,+"&,.%"%'.1+2("$5&,$-$(+8"$5&,$7.+["L2"/60,$(6A"
('.("(+W(+"+%(".2+"/+&/6%+2(0($'2"*O.2+"r.1/+"&0/($-.,$Y/+"+("2B+%("&0%",Or.1/+["U'55+"&'./".2+"
/+&/6%+2(0($'2" (46s(/0,+A" .2+" 6*$($'2" 2O+%(" `050$%" 2+.(/+" +(" 2+" &+.(" `050$%" &/6%+2(+/" ('.(%" ,+%"
0%&+-(%A",+%"-0/0-(6/$%($7.+%"+(",+%")0$(%"*O.2+"r.1/+"3+("+,,+"2+"*+1/0$("&0%"a"0%&$/+/"2'2"&,.%8[">0"
5b5+" /+50/7.+" %O0&&,$7.+" 0.W" /+&/'*.-($'2%" )0-;%$5$,0$/+%" 2.56/$7.+%A" 7.$" 2O'))/+2(" 7.O.2+"
/+&/6%+2(0($'2" ,$5$(6+A" :$+2" 7.+" (/Y%" .($,+A" *O.2" *'-.5+2([" L2" $2(/'*.$%02(" .2+" *$%($2-($'2" +2(/+"
&/6%+2(0($'2" +(" /+&/6%+2(0($'2A" #0%('2" +(" h0,$%'2" 3_F!F8" 0`'.(+2(" *+.W" 0.(/+%" $*6+%" ,69Y/+5+2("
*6/029+02(+%"V"3!8" ,0"/+&/6%+2(0($'2"2B+%("&0%"26-+%%0$/+5+2(".2" 5$56($%5+A"-O+%(;X;*$/+"7.B+,,+"
2O+%(" &0%" 26-+%%0$/+5+2(" .2+" $5$(0($'2A" +(" 3_8" ('.(+" /+&/6%+2(0($'2" $5&,$7.+" .2+" *$5+2%$'2"
0/($%($7.+"+("-/60($1+["L%(;-+"7.+"-+%"*+.W"$*6+%"%O0&&,$7.+2("0.%%$"0.W"6*$($'2%"c"L(A"%$"-O+%(",+"-0%A"
7.+"*+1$+2(",+"-'2-+&("*O6*$($'2"%-$+2($)$7.+"c"
"
?QJ;U>L"V"/+&/6%+2(0($'2"
:E'%/( 4-'$/KK""3^+&$+/0@@'8" +%(" ($(.,0$/+" *O.2" *'-('/0(" +2" &4$,'%'&4$+" $(0,$+22+" +(" +%(" %&6-$0,$%6+" +2"
,$((6/0(./+"*+",0"D+20$%%02-+"+("*+",0",$29.$%($7.+"$(0,$+22+["L,,+"'--.&+"0-(.+,,+5+2(".2"&'%(+"*+"&/')+%%+./"
+2" 6(.*+%" $(0,$+22+%" +(" 4.502$(6%" 2.56/$7.+%" X" ,O.2$1+/%$(6" h/+2':,+" tA" 0&/Y%" 01'$/" +2%+$926" 0." u$29O%"
U',,+9+"*+">'2*/+%["L,,+"+%("690,+5+2("&/6%$*+2(+"*."-'5$(6"*+",B+2%+$92+5+2("+("*$/+-(/$-+"*."&/'9/055+"
&'./" ,+" 50%(+/" +2" %-$+2-+%" 4.50$2+%" 2.56/$7.+%[" I+%" *'50$2+%" *+" /+-4+/-4+%" %'2(" ,+%" 502.%-/$(%"
2.56/$7.+%A",O6*$($'2"(+W(.+,,+"2.56/$7.+"+(",0"/+-4+/-4+"-',,0:'/0($1+["L2"&,.%"*+"%'2"+2909+5+2("*02%",0"
/+-4+/-4+"+(",O+2%+$92+5+2("+,,+"+%("&/6%$*+2(+"+("5+5:/+"*."-'2%+$,"*."J+W("L2-'*$29"<2$($0($1+"*+&.$%"_F!_"
+("-';&/6%$*+2(+"*."9/'.&+"*+"(/010$,"%./",O6*$($'2"2.56/$7.+"*."<#1=+,>&?+,&@"4"1)3&A#1:+'5&"/&1:#&B,15&)/'&

t"
C$.)/"1"#5"3R+#$?HK8[" L,,+" +%(" 0.%%$" /+&/6%+2(02(+" :/$(022$7.+" *." A)/)4"/4& -+.."11##& +?& D/1#,#'"1"+/["
D6-+55+2("+,,+"0"&0/($-$&6"X"&,.%$+./%"$2(+/1+2($'2%"+2"%-$+2-+%"4.50$2+%"2.56/$7.+%["
2G<=2G<G1(
9-E/)(L"#'-<-"
Le(Savant(parmi(les(machines((
DLIC?L"V" >0"50-4$2+"+(",O+//+./")0-+" X",0"&+2%6+"0,9'/$(45$7.+["P+.(;'2"('.`'./%A"*'$(;'2"+2-'/+"
&0/,+/"*+"50-4$2+3%8c"d.+,%"%'2(",+%",$+2%"+2(/+",O0.('50($%0($'2"+(",+%")'/5+%"65+/9+2(+%"
*O0.('2'5$+%c">+%"5.(0($'2%"*+",0"50-4$2+"2+")'2("7.O022'2-+/"7.O'2"+%("*02%",OY/+"*."
50(6/$0,$%5+"2.56/$7.+["
"
?QJ;U>L"V"50-4$2+"
9-E/)( L"#'-<-"3^5$,0*.%8" +%(" .2" 4$%('/$+2" %&6-$0,$%6" *02%" ,+%" /+,$9$'2%A" 0$2%$" 7.+" ($(.,0$/+" *O.2+" -40$/+"
*O4.502$%5+" 2.56/$7.+" X" ,BC2$1+/%$(6" *+" P0/$%;I'/:'22+[" I+%" /+-4+/-4+%" &'/(+2(" %./" ,O4.502$%5+" +("
,O61',.($'2"*+",0"%'-$6(6"9/s-+"0."2.56/$7.+A"-'55+",O'.1/09+"6$E#51&0#&9$#&3#&/$.F,"9$#;A&&.:,$6"+2"_F!t["
#'.+$4$"-'5&0/+",+"2.56/$7.+A"+(",O+29'.+5+2("0.('./A"X".2+"/+,$9$'2"X",07.+,,+",0"%'-$6(6"%+"-'21+/($/0$("+2"
50%%+["
2G<G3=23<.3(
4<-E-MM'(8-N$/-%((
L'écriture(dans(la(lecture(savante(:(annotation,(remix(et(traduction(
DLIC?L"V"H" &0/($/"*+%"(/010.W"*+",B$2(+/1+202("&'./"*+%",'9$-$+,%"*B022'(0($'2"*+"(+W(+"+2",$92+"+("*+"%0"
&/0($7.+"*+",B6-/$(./+",$((6/0$/+A",B+W&'%6"+W&,'/+/0",0"&,0-+"*+",B6-/$(A"*+",0"/+-'5&'%$($'2"+("*+",0"(/0*.-($'2"
*02%",0",+-(./+"%0102(+[">+%"+W+5&,+%"%+/'2("+5&/.2(6%"0.",'9$-$+,",$:/+"+("%+/1$-+"v+:"-'5+2("
34((&Vwwxxx[-';5+2([-'58A"X"*$1+/%+%"&/0($7.+%"*+"/+5$W",$((6/0$/+"+("&'./"-'5&0/0$%'2"0.W"*$%&'%$($)%"*+"
(/0*.-($'2"-'55+"-+.W"*61+,'&&6%"&0/"U05$,,+"*+"J',+*'"0."%+$2"*."&/'`+("J>KCM"34((&Vww(,4.:['/9w8"
"
?QJI;U>LI"V"022'(0($'2A",+-(./+"+("6-/$(./+"+2",$92+A"(/0*.-($'2A")'/50(%"
4<-E-MM'(8-N$/-%(3^:0,0$('.%8A"+%("$2)'/50($-$+2"+("-4+/-4+./"*02%",+"*'50$2+"*+%"+2`+.W"&',$($7.+%A"%'-$0.W"
+(" -.,(./+,%" *+%" (+-42$7.+%" $2)'/50($'22+,,+%[" <," +%(" ,O02-$+2" -4+)" *." %+-(+./" (+-42$7.+" *." ,'9$-$+," X" ,0"
U'55$%%$'2"+./'&6+22+"0$2%$"7.+",+")'2*0(+./"+("02-$+2"*$/$9+02("*+"I'&$2%&0-+A"%'-$6(6"&'./",+%"+%&0-+%"
&.:,$-%" *O$2)'/50($'2[" <," +%(" +29096" +2" )01+./" *+" ,0" /6)'/5+" *+%" /69$5+%" *+" */'$(%" $2(+,,+-(.+,%[" U+("
+2909+5+2("%+"(/0*.$("&0/".2"-+/(0$2"2'5:/+"*+"/+%&'2%0:$,$(6%"&',$($7.+%A"0%%'-$0($1+%"+("%-$+2($)$7.+%["L2"
+))+(A"*+&.$%",+"!!"`.$2"_F!GA"P4$,$&&+"H$9/0$2"+%(""5+5:/+"*+",0"-'55$%%$'2"&0/,+5+2(0$/+"*+"/6),+W$'2"+("*+"
&/'&'%$($'2%"%./",+"*/'$("+(",+%",$:+/(6%"X",Os9+"2.56/$7.+["<,"+%("0.%%$",O.2"*+%")'2*0(+./%"*+"f">0"d.0*/0(./+"
*."R+("g".2"-',,+-($)"-$('a+2"'&&'%6"X"*+%"&/'`+(%"*+",'$%"+("X"*O0.(/+%"*$%&'%$($)%"5+20m02(",+%",$:+/(6%"*02%"
,O+%&0-+" 2.56/$7.+[" ?$,$(02(" *+" /+2'556+" 5'2*$0,+A" $," +%(" 690,+5+2(" 5+5:/+" *." M'0/*" ')" #$/+-('/%" *."
I')(x0/+"=/++*'5">0x"U+2(+/A".2+")'2*0($'2"056/$-0$2+"7.$"09$("5'2*$0,+5+2("&'./",0"%6-./$(6"`./$*$7.+"
*+%",'9$-$+,%",$:/+%"+("*+",+./%"0-(+./%["D6-+55+2("$,"0"&0/($-$&6"X",0"(0:,+;/'2*+"f">$:+/(6"*+",O$2)'/50($'2"X"
,OY/+"2.56/$7.+"V")0.(;$,".2+",'$")'2*05+2(0,+"c"g",'/%"*+",0"qY5+"`'./26+"022.+,,+"'/902$%6+"&0/",+"Ia2*$-0("
*+",0"&/+%%+"$2*6&+2*02(+"*O$2)'/50($'2"+2",$92+[""
(
23<.3=2O<13(
:0'EP%'(J$"#)"#Q(
Les(ressorts(du(lien(hypertexte(
DLIC?L"V" #+&.$%" ,B$21+2($'2" *." (+/5+" 4a&+/(+W(+" &0/" J4+'*'/"R+,%'2" *02%" ,+%" 0226+%" !iTFA" ,0"
9626/0,$%0($'2"*+",0"(+-42','9$+"4a&+/(+W(+"%B0&&.a02("%./",+%",$+2%"6*$(6%"+("-0,-.,6%"0"%.%-$(6"*+"
5.,($&,+%" (46'/$+%A" +%%0$%A" +W&6/$5+2(0($'2%" 0.%%$" :$+2" *02%" ,+%" *'50$2+%" $2)'/50($7.+%" 7.+"
,$((6/0$/+%["d.B+2"+%(;$,"*+",0"/61',.($'2"022'2-6+"*+"-+((+"(+-42','9$+"*+",B$2)'/50($'2"c"
"
?QJI;U>LI"V",$+2%A"/+:'2*%A"/+%%'/(%A"022'(0($'2%A"%.&&,65+2(%A"*'-.5+2(%"
:0'EP%'(J$"#)"#Q"+%("?0p(/+"*+"-'2)6/+2-+"+2"%-$+2-+%"*+",O<2)'/50($'2"+("*+",0"U'55.2$-0($'2"X"
,O<2%($(.(" R0($'20," *+%" %-$+2-+%" +(" J+-42$7.+%" *+" ,0" #'-.5+2(0($'2" 3<RJ#8[" L,,+" +%(" 690,+5+2("

G"
5+5:/+"&+/502+2("*+",O67.$&+"*+"/+-4+/-4+"#$-+2["I+%"0-($1$(6%"*+"/+-4+/-4+"%'2("('./26+%"1+/%"
,O6-/$(./+" 2.56/$7.+A" +2" 5+((02(" 2'(055+2(" +2" 10,+./" ,+%" 2'.1+0.W" 9+2/+%" 6*$('/$0.W" 0&&'/(6%"
&0/" ,O+W&6/$+2-+" 2.56/$7.+[" I+%" (/010.W" /6-+2(%" &'/(+2(" %./" ,O0/-4$(+-(./+" *+" ,O$2)'/50($'2A" ,+%"
/6%+0.W"*'-.5+2(0$/+%A"'."+2-'/+",+%"+2`+.W"&',$($7.+%%"*."*'-.5+2("2.56/$7.+["
"
PHCIL"
2R<(
F&C-%/-$'(&A$-+#$'@(%#C&$-S#'@('+(&)-+"$-/E-@/+-"%(TF'%@(4#BE-AU(V$-U(?-+&(=(W%-0'$@-+&()'(9"%+$&/EX(
Ressources(et(documentation(pour(la(recherche(
>O0--Y%" 0.W" /+%%'./-+%" +(" X" ,0" -'220$%%02-+" 6(0$(A" X" ,O'/$9$2+A" +%%+2($+,,+5+2(" :0%6" %./" ,+%"
:$:,$'(4Y7.+%" .2$1+/%$(0$/+%" '." &+/%'22+,,+%[" UO+%(" &/':0:,+5+2(" ,O0%&+-(" *+" ,0" /+-4+/-4+" 7.$" 0" ,+"
&,.%" :626)$-$6" *+" ,O4a:/$*0($'2" +(" *+" ,O'.1+/(./+" *+%" &/0($7.+%" &+/5$%+%" &0/" ,+" 2.56/$7.+[" >0"
5.,($&,$-0($'2"*+%"%'./-+%"+(",O$2(69/0($'2"*+"-'2(+2.%"2'2;%0102(%"*02%",+%"&/0($7.+%"*+"/+-4+/-4+"
'2("0$2%$"0.('/$%6".2+"&,.%"9/02*+"),.$*$(6"*02%",0"-$/-.,0($'2"*+%"$*6+%"+(A"&'(+2($+,,+5+2(A".2+"&,.%"
9/02*+" -/60($1$(6[" U+(" 6,0/9$%%+5+2(" *+%" %'./-+%" 0" &0/" +W+5&,+" '.1+/(" *+" 2'.1+,,+%" '&&'/(.2$(6%"
&'./" ,O6,0:'/0($'2" *O4a&'(4Y%+%" *+" /+-4+/-4+[" U+&+2*02(A" $," -'21$+2(" *+" %+" *+502*+/" %$" -+%"
/+%%'./-+%" 2'2;%0102(+%" &+/5+((+2(" *+" 50$2(+2$/" ,+" 2$1+0." 7.0,$(0($)" /+7.$%" &0/" ,0" -'55.20.(6"
%-$+2($)$7.+" +(" %$" *+" 2'.1+,,+%" %(/0(69$+%" *+" 10,$*0($'2" '2(" 6(6" 0*'&(6+%" &0/" ,+%" -4+/-4+./%" &'./"
-+/($)$+/" -+%" %'./-+%[" H." /+90/*" *+%" &/0($7.+%" 65+/9+2(+%" *+" 1+$,,+" +(" *O0--Y%" 0.W" -'220$%%02-+%A"
-+((+" %602-+" &'%+/0" ,0" 7.+%($'2" *+" ,O610,.0($'2" +(" *+" ,0" ,69$($50($'2" *+%" /+%%'./-+%" &0/" ,+%"
-4+/-4+./%["
2R<21=2R<>1(
Y-%A'%+(Z/$-0-[$'(
"
?QJ;U>L"V":$:,$'56(/$+A"610,.0($'2"*+",0"/+-4+/-4+A"%'-$','9$+"*+%"%-$+2-+%"
Y-%A'%+(Z/$-0-[$'"3^,0/$1$+18"+%("&/')+%%+./"0*`'$2("X",Ok-',+"*+":$:,$'(46-'2'5$+"+("*+%"%-$+2-+%"*+"
,B$2)'/50($'2"*+",OC2$1+/%$(6"*+"?'2(/60,"']"$,"+2%+$92+",+%"56(4'*+%"*+"/+-4+/-4+"+2"%-$+2-+%"*+"
,O$2)'/50($'2"+(",0":$:,$'56(/$+["<,"+%("690,+5+2("*$/+-(+./"%-$+2($)$7.+"0*`'$2("*+",BQ:%+/10('$/+"*+%"
%-$+2-+%" +(" *+%" (+-42','9$+%" +(" 5+5:/+" /69.,$+/" *." U+2(/+" $2(+/.2$1+/%$(0$/+" *+" /+-4+/-4+" %./" ,0"
%-$+2-+"+(",0"(+-42','9$+["I+%"(/010.W"*02%",+"*'50$2+"*+",0"-'55.2$-0($'2"%0102(+"'2("2'(055+2("
6(6" &.:,$6%" *02%" ,+" \'./20," ')" (4+" H5+/$-02" I'-$+(a" )'/" <2)'/50($'2" I-$+2-+" 02*" J+-42','9aA"
I-$+2('5+(/$-%"+(",+"\'./20,"')"<2)'/5+(/$-%["
(
2R<>1=2R<31(
F+&M</%'(4"#PEE/#"
"
?QJ;U>L"V"5'(+./"*+"/+-4+/-4+A"%6502($7.+A"<%$*'/+""
F+&M</%( 4"#PEE/#"3^%&'.a,,0.8" +%(" 0-(.+,,+5+2(" *$/+-(+./;0*`'$2(" (+-42$7.+" *BK.50;R.5A" ,0" (/Y%" 9/02*+"
$2)/0%(/.-(./+" *+" /+-4+/-4+" &'./" ,+%" 4.502$(6%" 2.56/$7.+%[" <," 0" -'*$/$96" ,0" /60,$%0($'2" *+" ,0" &,0(+)'/5+" *+"
/+-4+/-4+"<I<#QDL"+("+%("X",B$2$($0($1+"*+"?6*$KH>"30/-4$1+"'.1+/(+"&'./"&4'('9/0&4$+%"+("$509+%"%-$+2($)$7.+%8["
L2"(02("7.B$2962$+./"*+"/+-4+/-4+" 0."URDIA"I(6&402+" P'.a,,0."+%(" %&6-$0,$%(+"+2" 4.502$(6%"2.56/$7.+%A"+2"
$2)'/50($'2"%-$+2($)$7.+"+("(+-42$7.+"+("+2"$2)'/50($%0($'2"*+%"*'226+%"*+",0"/+-4+/-4+"+2"%-$+2-+%"4.50$2+%"
+("%'-$0,+%["
"

q"
"
"
U+("6162+5+2("0")0$(",O':`+("*O.2"+$/0/-E()*&)-+"$-/E-@/+-"%(A"EE'A+-0'"&0/",+%"6(.*$02(%"*+"!/+"0226+"
*."50%(+/"U'55.2$-0($'2"/6*0-($'22+,,+"*6*$6+"0."5.,($56*$0"*+",O.2$1+/%$(6"P0/$%"Q.+%([""
"
>+" *$%&'%$($)" 7.O$,%" '2(" -'2m." +(" /60,$%6" 31$*6'%A" 9,'%%0$/+A" :$:,$'9/0&4$+%A" +27.b(+A" $-'2'9/0&4$+A"
/+&'/(09+"&4'('y8"+%("0--+%%$:,+"*+&.$%"-+"%$(+"V"4((&Vww,+-(./+;%0102(+[x$W[-'5w&0/$%;'.+%("
"
"
"
C=D"P4$,,$0"V"4((&Vww.)/;&4$,,$0[.;&0/$%!F[)/w"
>0:'/0('$/+"#$-+2;<#="V"4((&Vww*$-+2;$*)['/9w"
</$"V"4((&Vwwxxx[$/$[-+2(/+&'5&$*'.[)/w+1+2+5+2(w2'.1+,,+%;)'/5+%;+*$('/$0,$%0($'2w"
I+2%"P.:,$-"V"4((&Vww%+5$20$/+[%+2%;&.:,$-['/9w"