*@$'.$82445#.823.425/$
• '.$ 82445#.823.425/$ :"3$ .=42K24B3$ #"6#B3"/4"$ D/"$ .D4#"$ =5/3BCD"/="$ :"$ 8.$
95/:2.823.425/@$ '"3$ "36.="3$ "/$ 324D.425/$ :E2/4"#A.="3$ 35/4$ 6#2K28BF2B3$ :./3$ 8"3$
/5DK"88"3$ :?/.92CD"3$ :"$ 85=.823.425/$ :"3$ .=42K24B3@$ '.$ O#./="$ 6533P:"$ .2/32$
CD.4#"$F#./:"$f5/"3$2/:D34#2.85,65#4D.2#"3$JgHVL$Y$7D/h"#CD"&$(.#3"288",O53,3D#,
("#&$%.2/4,G.f.2#"$"4$8"$i.K#"@$'"3$.9B/.F"9"/43$#B="/43$:"$65#43$:"$(.#3"288"$
"4$:D$ i.K#"$J"S4"/325/$ :"3$"36.="3$ :B:2B3$.D$ 4#.A2=$:"3$ 65#4",=5/4"/"D#3L$8"D#$
6"#9"44"/4$ :"$ 35D4"/2#$ 8.$ =596B42425/$ .K"=$ :E.D4#"3$ 65#43$ "D#56B"/3&$ =599"$
)/K"#3$5D$[j/"3@$$
• '"3$ 9B4#5658"3$ .48./42CD"3$ "4$ 9B:24"##./B"//"3$ JG./4"3&$ W5#:".DS&$ )2S,"/,
V#5K"/="&$(5/46"882"#L$35/4$BF.8"9"/4$:?/.92CD"3&$6.#="$CDE"88"3$RB/BA2=2"/4$U$
8.$ A523$ :D$ 61B/59P/"$ :"$ 9B4#565823.425/$ "4$ :"$ 82445#.823.425/@$ T88"3$ 5/4$ 3D$
:BK"8566"#$:"3$.=42K24B3$2//5K./4"3$45D4$"/$42#./4$6#5A24$:"$8E1B8254#56239"$"4$:D$
41.8.3354#56239"@$0"3$9B4#5658"3$35/4$=5/3=2"/4"3$:"$8E.45D4$CD"$#"6#B3"/4"$8"D#$
324D.425/$Y$"/$*+++&$8.$05/AB#"/="$:"3$\288"3$:"$8E)#=$.48./42CD"$J0\))L$"34$=#BB"$U$
8E2/242.42K"$ :"$ ]"//"3@$ ].33"9R8./4$ 8"3$ K288"3$ .48./42CD"3$ :"$ 68D3$ :"$ !++$ +++$
1.R24./43&$ "88"$ .$ 65D#$ 5R<"=42A$ :"$ 6#595DK52#$ 8E5DK"#4D#"$ 2/4"#/.425/.8"$ "4$ 8.$
=556B#.425/$"/4#"$K288"3@$
• T/A2/&$8"3$82445#.DS$A#./X.23$35/4$.44#.=42A3$3D#$8"$68./$45D#2342CD"@$'.$0Z4",:E)fD#$
6"#6B4D"$D/"$4#.:2425/$:"$45D#239"$:"$8DS"&$4./:23$CD"$8.$\"/:B"$5D$8"$'./FD":5=$
5/4$ :BK"8566B$ D/$ 45D#239"$ :"$ 9.33"$ "4$ 8.$ =Z4"$ /5#9./:"$ $ 8"$ 45D#239"$ :"$
6#5S2924B$J8"3$O#./=282"/3$CD2$6.#4"/4$"/$k""h"/:$K"#3$8"3$68.F"3$:D$I5DCD"4&$6.#$
"S"968"L@$ '"3$ 4"##2452#"3$ D84#.,9.#2/3$ 5/4$ BF.8"9"/4$ :BK"8566B$ :"3$ .=42K24B3$
45D#2342CD"3$J[D.:"85D6"&$ (.#42/2CD"&$ ]BD/25/L&$ 9.23$ 8"D#3$ :2AA2=D84B3$
B=5/592CD"3$"4$8"D#$2/3D8.#24B$8"3$2358"/4$:"$8.$95/:2.823.425/@$
$
$
III.+La+différenciation+des+espaces+productifs+
$
!@$7"3$"36.="3$6#5:D=42A3$:?/.92CD"3$
• '"3$ 4"##2452#"3$ F.F/./4$ :./3$ 8.$ 95/:2.823.425/$ 35/4$ 6#2/=26.8"9"/4$ 8"3$ "36.="3$
9B4#565824.2/3$CD2$=5/="/4#"/4$8.$68D6.#4$:"3$.=42K24B3$2/:D34#2"88"3$"4$4"#42.2#"3$
.2/32$CD"$8"3$F#./:3$.S"3$34#D=4D#./43@$0E"34$6#2/=26.8"9"/4$8"$=.3$:"$V.#23$"4$:"$8.$
#BF25/$ ]1Z/",)86"3@$ )D$ /2K".D$ #BF25/.8&$ 8"3$ #BF25/3$ :"$ 8ElD"34$ "4$ :D$ %D:$ 3"$
#"/A5#="/4$=5/34.99"/4&$45D<5D#3$.D45D#$:"3$6#2/=26.DS$6Z8"3$D#R.2/3@$V5D#$="$
CD2$=5/="#/"$8"3$"D#5#BF25/3&$8"$R28./$"34$68D3$=5/4#.34B@$0"#4.2/"3$RB/BA2=2"/4$:"3$
3?/"#F2"3$4#./3A#5/4.82P#"3&$=599"$%4#.3R5D#F$5D$'288"&$9.23$:E.D4#"3$35/4$952/3$
:?/.92CD"3$J'5##.2/"L@$
• 0"#4.2/3$ "36.="3$ #D#.DS$ 6.#K2"//"/4$ BF.8"9"/4$ U$ 3E2/4BF#"#$ .DS$ 9.#=1B3$
95/:2.DS$Y$ 8"3$ F#./:3$ R.332/3$ =B#B.82"#3$ :5/4$ 28$ .$ :B<U$ B4B$ CD"3425/&$ 9.23$
BF.8"9"/4$ 8"3$ "36.="3$ :EB8"K.F"$ 2/4"/32A$ "/$ W#"4.F/"&$ 8"3$ #BF25/3$ :"$ K2F/5R8"$
JW5#:"8.23&$W5D#F5F/"&$01.96.F/"L$"4&$:./3$D/"$952/:#"$9"3D#"&$8"3$4"##2452#"3$
D84#.9.#2/3$ 36B=2.823B3$ :./3$ :"3$ =D84D#"3$ 4#562=.8"3@$ '"3$ "36.="3$ 8"3$ 68D3$
:?/.92CD"3$35/4$="DS$CD2$35/4$R2"/$#"82B3$.DS$F#./:3$65#43$:"$=599"#="@$T/A2/&$
8"3$ "36.="3$ 45D#2342CD"3$ 95/4.F/.#:3$ 35/4$ BF.8"9"/4$ #"82B3$ .DS$ 9.#=1B3$
"S4B#2"D#3@$
$
*@$7"3$"36.="3$"/$:2AA2=D84B3$5D$"/$#"=596532425/$