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qualité#dans#un#montage.#
1.#Projection#d’images#:##
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K%H*9,%-,P'4,)),'*H#I,'.:*)'Q)",'%9,'",3":.%7)*:9'O*.RK,'.,'KA:J<,)'SO:"H,M'3":3:")*:9-M''7:%K,%"-TP'
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6,'H#)8"*,K'.:9)':9'.*-3:-,',-)'7:9-)*)%8M'.#9-'KA:".",'.,'3":I",--*:9'.%'O#*-7,#%'K%H*9,%&'L'
1'.A%9,'-:%"7,'.,'K%H*R",'SK#H3,'+%#")V1*:.,M')"R-'K%H*9,%-,',)'U'O*K#H,9)'+%#-*13:97)%,KTM'
1'.A%9'7:9.,9-,%"'L',9-,HJK,'.,'.,%&'K,9)*KK,-'7:9$,"I,9),-'3K#917:9$,&,-M'.:9)'
KA%9,' .,-' O#7,-' ,-)' )"#*)8,' .,' O#W:9' U' -%33:"),"' K,-' 87#")-' )/,"H*+%,-' K*8-' U'
KA87/#%OO,H,9)' 3":$:+%8' 3#"' K#' -:%"7,' K%H*9,%-,P' 6,' 7:9.,9-,%"' #33#"#X)'
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7,9)*HR)",-P'
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#
1.1#Centrage#et#alignement#:#
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%9'-)*IH#)*-H,'#33":7/8M'.:97'7:9.%*-#9)'U'.,'J:99,-'*H#I,-P'6,-'"#0:9-'K%H*9,%&'H*-',9'<,%'.#9-'
K,'H:9)#I,'.:*$,9)'Q)",'3#"#&*#%&M'7Y,-)1U1.*",'3,%'*97K*98-'3#"'"#33:")'U'KA#&,':3)*+%,'.,-'8K8H,9)-M'
,)'3,%'87#")8-'.,'7,)'#&,P'
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1.1.2.##Alignement#de#l’axe#optique#:#
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1.2#Condition#de#projection#:#
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1'KA*H#I,'8)#9)'"8,KK,M'-#'3:-*)*:9'#KI8J"*+%,' '-,"#'987,--#*",H,9)'3:-*)*$,'
1:J<,)' ,)' 87"#9' .:*$,9)' Q)",' -*)%8-' .#9-' .,-' 3K#9-' 7:9<%I%8-M' 7,' +%*' -,' )"#.%*)' 3#"' K#' ",K#)*:9' .,'
7:9<%I#*-:9'.,';,-7#"),-'L' 'S=T':^'OA',-)'K#'.*-)#97,'O:7#K,'.,'K#'K,9)*KK,'.,'3":<,7)*:9P'
6#'.*-)#97,':J<,)'87"#9';'"83:9.'U'L'' ''7,'+%*'#HR9,'L'' '
@9'*9)":.%*-#9)'7,)),'",K#)*:9'.#9-'S=TM'*K'$*,9)'L' '
+%*'-,'"887"*)'-:%-'O:"H,'.A%9,'8+%#)*:9'.%'-,7:9.'.,I"8'-%"'3'L' '
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.*-)#97,':J<,)187"#9';'9,'",-3,7),'3#-'7,)),'7:9.*)*:9P'
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1.3#Réalisation#du#montage#de#projection#:#
5K' -A#I*)' H#*9),9#9)' .,' 7:9-)"%*",' %9' H:9)#I,' :3)*+%,' ,9' 3K#W#9)' -%77,--*$,H,9)' -,-' .*OO8",9)-'
8K8H,9)-P'6#'.8H#"7/,'.87"*),'$*-,'U'7,'+%,'7/#7%9'.,-'8K8H,9)-M'%9,'O:*-'3:-*)*:998M'9A#*)'3K%-'U'Q)",'
.83K#78P'!:%),'#%)",'3":78.%",'-,"#*)'#--,V'/#-#".,%-,N'
S=T''(K#7,"':J<,)',)'87"#9'U'%9,'.*-)#97,'-%38"*,%",'U'`'O:*-'K#'O:7#K,'.,'K#'K,9)*KK,'.,'3":<,7)*:9P'Nous#
avons#montré##que#la#condition#D#>#4f#est#nécessaire#pour#former#une#image#réelle#partir#dun#objet#
réel.#En#pratique,#la#distance#objetCécran#est#fixée#par#les#conditions#opératoires,#ce#qui#oriente#le#choix#
de#la#focale#f’#de#la#lentille#de#projection,#telle#que#f’#<D/#4.#
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L’objet#et#l’écran#sont#alors#dans#des#plans#conjugués.#
Remarque#:#La#source#lumineuse#est#présente,#mais#sa#position#n’est#pas#définitive.#
#
S]T'(K#7,"'K,'7:9.,9-,%"'3"R-'.,'KA:J<,)P'
Le# premier# rôle# du# condenseur# est# de# condenser# la# lumière# issue# de# la# source# sur# l’objet,# afin# que# ce#
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Les# rayons# lumineux# issus# de# la# source# lumineuse# sont# donc# amenés# à# passer# à# proximité# du# centre#
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#
On#aboutit#alors#à#la#situation#résumée#par#le#schéma#suivant#:#
#
Une#application#:#le#rétroprojecteur.'S$:*"'-7/8H#TP'
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.,--%-P'
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2.#Aberrations#et#distorsion#:#
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2.1#Aberrations#:##
2.1.1#Aberrations#chromatiques#:#
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#0#9)' .,-' 3":3"*8)8-' .*-3,"-*$,-' .*OO8",9),-M' 7:9-)*)%8,-' .,' O#W:9' U' H*9*H*-,"' 7,-' #J,""#)*:9-'
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#%7%9',OO,)'.*-3,"-*OM'.:97'3#-'.A#J,""#)*:9-'7/":H#)*+%,-P'
'
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2.1.2#Aberrations#géométriques#:#
#
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-)*IH#)*+%,'3:%"'.,-'"#0:9-'.,'O#*JK,'*97K*9#*-:9P'e:"-'.,'7,'7#-M'.,-'#J,""#)*:9-'$:9)'#33#"#X)",P''
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4,-'#J,""#)*:9-'-:9)'K*8,-'U'K#'I8:H8)"*,'-3/8"*+%,'.,-'.*:3)",-'.,-'K,9)*KK,-P'4,)),'-3/8"*7*)8'#HR9,'%9'
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SK,9)*KK,')"R-'J:HJ8,T',)'+%,'KA:9'H,)',9'<,%'.,-'"#0:9-'8K:*I98-'.,'KA#&,':3)*+%,'S87#")'#%&'7:9.*)*:9-'
.,'E#%--T'P##
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Observation#sur#des#simulations#:#
#
Simulation#n°1#:##
B%$"*"' K,' O*7/*,"' biconvexe'3K#78'.#9-'K,'.:--*,"'(425'-,')":%$#9)'-%"'K#'3#")*,'@'L' .%' .*-+%,' .%"' .,'
KA:".*9#),%"P' @&#H*9,"' KA*9OK%,97,' .,' K#' K#"I,%"' .%' .*#3/"#IH,' -%"' K,' O#*-7,#%' 8H,"I,9)' .%' -0-)RH,'
K,9)*KK,1.*#3/"#IH,P' ;83K#7,"' KA87"#9' ,9' .*$,"-' 3:*9)-' .,' KA#&,' :3)*+%,P' f*-%#K*-,"' K#' H#"7/,' .A%9'
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1 / 8 100%
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