- iii -
(Chimie – Examen prototype)
(octobre 2005)
FORCE RELATIVE DES ACIDES EN SOLUTION AQUEUSE À TEMPÉRATURE AMBIANTE (25 °C)
Acide Réaction Ka
acide perchlorique HClO4 → H+(aq) + ClO4–(aq) très grande
acide iodhydrique HI(aq) → H+(aq) + I–(aq) 3,2 × 109
acide bromhydrique HBr(aq) → H+(aq) + Br–(aq) 1,0 × 109
acide clorhydrique HCl(aq) → H+(aq) + Cl–(aq) 1,3 × 106
acide sulfurique H2SO4(aq) → H+(aq) + HSO4–(aq) 1,0 × 103
acide nitrique HNO3(aq) → H+(aq) + NO3–(aq) 2,4 × 101
acide oxalique HOOCCOOH(aq) → H+(aq) + HOOCCOO–(aq) 5,4 × 10–2
acide sulfureux (SO2 + H2O) H2SO3(aq) → H+(aq) + HSO3–(aq) 1,7 × 10–2
ion hydrogénosulfate HSO4–(aq) → H+(aq) + SO4–2(aq) 1,3 × 10–2
acide phosphorique H3PO4(aq) → H+(aq) + H2PO4–(aq) 7,1 × 10–3
tellurure d’hydrogène H2Te(aq) → H+(aq) + HTe–(aq) 2,3 × 10–3
acide fluorhydrique HF(aq) → H+(aq) + F–(aq) 6,7 × 10–4
acide nitreux HNO2(aq) → H+(aq) + NO2–(aq) 5,1 × 10–4
séléniure d’hydrogène H2Se(aq) → H+(aq) + HSe–(aq) 1,7 × 10–4
acide benzoïque C6H5COOH(aq) → H+(aq) + C6H5COO–(aq) 6,6 × 10–5
acide acétique CH3COOH(aq) → H+(aq) + CH3COO–(aq) 1,8 × 10–5
acide carbonique (CO2 + H2O) H2CO3(aq) → H+(aq) + HCO3–(aq) 4,4 × 10–7
acide sulfhydrique H2S(aq) → H+(aq) + HS–(aq) 1,0 × 10–7
ion dihydrogénophosphate H2PO4–(aq) → H+(aq) + HPO4–2(aq) 6,3 × 10–8
ion hydrogénosulfite HSO3–(aq) → H+(aq) + SO3–2(aq) 6,2 × 10–8
acide hypochloreux HClO(aq) → H+(aq) + ClO–(aq) 2,9 × 10–8
ion ammonium NH4+(aq) → H+(aq) + NH3(aq) 5,7 × 10–10
ion hydrogénocarbonate HCO3–(aq) → H+(aq) + CO3–2(aq) 4,7 × 10–11
ion hydrogénotellurure HTe–(aq) → H+(aq) + Te–2(aq) 1,0 × 10–11
péroxyde d’hydrogène H2O2(aq) → H+(aq) + HO2–(aq) 2,4 × 10–12
ion hydrogénophosphate HPO4–2(aq) → H+(aq) + PO4–3(aq) 4,4 × 10–13
ion hydrogénosulfure HS–(aq) → H+(aq) + S–2(aq) 1,2 × 10–15
ammoniaque NH3(aq) → H+(aq) + NH2–(aq) très faible