2. Calculer dans les nuages Qu`est-‐ce que le Cloud

!
MOOC$"ICN$(Informatique$et$Création$Numérique)"$
"#$%&'#()*(+%!,-!.$!/(,0+!
N2$Le$Web$et$ses$usages$sociétaux$
!
$
2.$Calculer$dans$les$nuages!
!
Qu'est(ce!que!le!Cloud!?!
!
1.!2$3*!#-/-%(#!4!'-!53-!'6-&*!53-!.6(%2+#7$*(53-8!936-&*:'-!53-!'6-&*!53-!.6(%2+#7$*(53-;<!=6-&*!
,-&! ,+%%0-&! ,$%&! 3%-! 707+(#->! &3#! 3%! ,(&53-! )-3*:?*#->! -*! '6-&*! $3&&(! ,-&! '$.'3.&>! -*! '-&!
'$.'3.&! &-! #0$.(&-%*! ,$%&! ,-&! )#+'-&&-3#&8! @.+#&>! /+3&! $/-A! )-3*:?*#-! .6B$C(*3,-! ,-! /+*#-!
+#,(%$*-3#!)-#&+%%-.>!'-*!+#,(%$*-3#!)-#&+%%-.!'6-&*!53+(;<!=6-&*!,-&!707+(#-&>!3%!,(&53->!-*!
)3(&!'6-&*!$3&&(!3%!)#+'-&&-3#>!-*!*+3*!D$!'$.'3.->!-*!/+3&!$/-A!*+3*!D$!'B-A!/+3&8!!
!
@.+#&!.-!=.+3,>!'6-&*!,-!/+3&!,(#-!E!F).3*G*!53-!,6$/+(#!D$!'B-A!7+(>!H-!/$(&!*#$%&)+#*-#!*+3*-!
3%-!)$#*(-!,-!'-!*#$/$(.!$(..-3#&>!$(..-3#&!,$%&!.-&!%3$I-&F8!J$!/-3*!,(#-!53+(!,$%&!.-&!%3$I-&;<!
J$!/-3*!,(#-!,$%&!3%!,$*$!'-%*-#>!)#+C$C.-7-%*!4!.6$3*#-!C+3*!,3!7+%,->!H-!%-!&$(&!)$&!,$%&!
53-.!)$K&8!!
!
@.+#&!.-!7+*!=.+3,!/(-%*!,63%-!(7$I->!.$!#-)#0&-%*$*(+%!,3!#0&-$3>!,61%*-#%-*>!'6-&*!3%!%3$I-8!
L*!,+%'!4!)$#*(#!,3!7+7-%*!+M!+%!/$!7-**#-!&-&!'$.'3.&>!&-&!,+%%0-&!&3#!1%*-#%-*>!+%!/$!.-&!
7-**#-!,$%&!.-&!%3$I-&!-*!,+%'!+%!/$!)$#.-#!,-!'$.'3.&!,$%&!.-&!%3$I-&8!L%!2$(*>!'-!%6-&*!)$&!,3!
*+3*!,-&!%3$I-&>!'6-&*!53-.53-!'B+&-!,-!C(-%!)BK&(53->!'6-&*!,-&!+#,(%$*-3#&>!'6-&*!,-&!,(&53-&8!
=6-&*!H3&*-!536(.&!%-!&+%*!)$&!&(*30&!'B-A!/+3&>!7$(&!53-.53-!)$#*!,$%&!.-!7+%,->!/+3&!%-!&$/-A!
7?7-!)$&!+M8!!
!
N+3#!C(-%!'+7)#-%,#-!.-!=.+3,>!(.!2$3*!C(-%!'+7)#-%,#-!'-!53(!$!)-#7(&!&$!#0$.(&$*(+%8!=-!53(!
$! )-#7(&! &$! #0$.(&$*(+%>! '6-&*! ,6$C+#,! -*! )#(%'()$.-7-%*! ,-&! #0&-$3O! BK)-#! #$)(,-&>! ,-&!
#0&-$3O!53(!'+%%-'*-%*!/+*#-!-%*#-)#(&-!+3!/+*#-!7$(&+%!$/-'!'-&!,$*$!'-%*-#&!53(!&+%*!&(*30&!
3%!)-3!)$#*+3*>!,+%'!,-&!#0&-$3O!#$)(,-&8!!
!
P-3O(Q7-7-%*>!.-&!'+R*&!,-&!7$'B(%-&!-*!.-&!'+R*&!,-&!,(&53-&>!-*!.-&!'+R*&!,3!&*+'S$I-!53(!
&+%*!,-/-%3&!/#$(7-%*!).3&!7$#I(%$3O>!53(!+%*!,(7(%30!,-!2$D+%!'+%&(,0#$C.-8!!
!
@.+#&! 4! )$#*(#! ,-! '-! 7+7-%*:.4>! D$! ,-/(-%*! )+&&(C.-! ,-! '+%&*#3(#->! ,-! '+%'-%*#-#! ,$%&! ,-&!
'-%*#-&!*+3*-!3%-!53$%*(*0!,-!)#+'-&&-3#&>!,-!&*+'S$I->!-*'8>!-*!,-!,0)+#*-#!$(..-3#&!*+3*-!'-**-!
(%2#$&*#3'*3#-8!P+%'!,6$C+#,>!.-!=.+3,!'6-&*!3%-!(%2#$&*#3'*3#-!C(-%!)BK&(53-!$/-'!,-&!#0&-$3O!
C(-%!)BK&(53-&>!,-&!7$'B(%-&!C(-%!)BK&(53-&>!,-&!,(&53-&>!,-&!&*+'S$I-&!'+%&(,0#$C.-&8!=6-&*!
D$!,6$C+#,8!@.+#&>!.$!,(22('3.*0!*-'B%(53-!53$%,!+%!)$#.-!,3!=.+3,>!'6-&*!,-!2$(#-!7$#'B-#!'-&!
I(I$%*-&53-&!-%*#-)G*&!,-!,+%%0-&>!'-&!I(I$%*-&53-&!-%*#-)G*&!,6+#,(%$*-3#&8!!
!
@.+#&>! )#-%+%&! H3&*-! ,-3O! )#+C.Q7-&>! .-&! )#+C.Q7-&! )-3*:?*#-! .-&! ).3&! '#(*(53-&8! N#-7(-#!
)#+C.Q7->!*+3&!'-&!+#,(%$*-3#&>!D$!2$(*!,-!.$!'B$.-3#!,+%'!D$!,-7$%,-!-%!)-#7$%-%'-!,6?*#-!
'.(7$*(&0>!-*!,+%'!(.!K!$!-3!,-&!)#+I#Q&!'+%&(,0#$C.-&!-%!'.(7$*(&$*(+%!53(!+%*!0*0!#0$.(&0&!,$%&!
'-&!,$*$!'-%*-#&8!P-3O(Q7-!'B+&->!'6-&*!,3!7$*0#(-.!53(!*+7C-!-%!)$%%->!'6-&*!,-&!.+I('(-.&!53(!
*+7C-%*!-%!)$%%->!,+%'!/+3&!)+3/-A!?*#-!'-#*$(%&!53-!53$%,!/+3&!)#-%-A!3%!+#,(%$*-3#>!$3!
C+3*!,63%!'-#*$(%!*-7)&!&*$*(&*(53-7-%*>!(.!/$!$/+(#!3%-!)$%%->!7$*0#(-..->!.+I('(-..->!D$!)-3*!
?*#-!%6(7)+#*-!53+(8!!
!
93$%,!/+3&!7-**-A!3%!7(..(+%!,6+#,(%$*-3#&!$3!7?7-!-%,#+(*>!3%!7(..(+%!,-!)#+'-&&-3#&!,$%&!
3%! 7?7-! -%*#-)G*>! .$! )#+C$C(.(*0! ,6$/+(#! ,-&! )$%%-&>! -..-! -&*! '+%&(,0#$C.-8! L*! ,+%'! (.! 2$3*!

!
MOOC$"ICN$(Informatique$et$Création$Numérique)"$
"#$%&'#()*(+%!,-!.$!/(,0+!
N2$Le$Web$et$ses$usages$sociétaux$
!
$##(/-#!4!,0/-.+))-#!,-!.$!*-'B%(53-!)+3#!?*#-!'$)$C.-!,-!'+%*(%3-#!4!2+%'*(+%%-#!-*!,-!%-!)$&!
?*#-!+C.(I0!,-!*+3*!$##?*-#!)$#'-!536(.!K!$!3%-!)$%%-8!P+%'!/+*#-!$)).('$*(+%!53(!*+3#%->!)-3*:
?*#-!536-..-!*+3#%-!&3#!3%!+#,(%$*-3#!53(!/$!*+7C-#!-%!)$%%-8!L*!C(-%!/+3&!%6$..-A!7?7-!)$&!
/+3&!-%!#-%,#-!'+7)*->!)$#'-!53-!)-3*:?*#-!53-!/+3&!$..-A!$**-%,#-!3%-!+3!,-3O!&-'+%,-&>!
7$(&!-..-!/$!'+%*(%3-#!4!&6-O0'3*-#!&3#!3%!$3*#-!+#,(%$*-3#>!+3!&3#!3%!$3*#-!,(&53-8!L*!,+%'!D$>!
'6-&*!3%!)-3!.$!7$I(->!$.+#&!H63*(.(&-!.-!7+*!7$I(->!7$(&!-%!2$(*!'-!%6-&*!)$&!,3!*+3*!,-!.$!7$I(->!
'6-&*! -&&-%*(-..-7-%*! C-$3'+3)! ,-! *-'B%+.+I(->! -*! C-$3'+3)! ,6$.I+#(*B7-&! 53(! +%*! 0*0!
,0/-.+))0&!)+3#!2$(#-!*+3#%-#!*+3*!D$8!!
!
93$%,!/+3&! 7-**-A! /+&! (%2+#7$*(+%&!&3#!.-!=.+3,>!.-!)#-7(-#!$/$%*$I-! 53-! /+3&! $/-A>!'6-&*!
3%-! I$#$%*(-! ,-! &R#-*0>! '-&! (%2+#7$*(+%&! %-! ,(&)$#$T*#+%*! )$&! )$#'-! 536-..-&! &+%*!
)#+C$C.-7-%*! #0).(530-&! ,$%&! ).3&(-3#&! -%,#+(*&>! )-3*:?*#-! &3#! ).3&(-3#&! ,$*$! '-%*-#&>! -%!
*+3*!'$&!&3#!).3&(-3#&!7$'B(%-&8!L*!,+%'!7?7-!&(!3%-!7$'B(%-!+3!3%!,(&53-!*+7C-!-%!)$%%->!
/+3&! $..-A! 53$%,! 7?7-! #0'3)0#-#! /+&! ,+%%0-&8! =B-A! /+3&>! *+3*! )-3*! &-! )$&&-#>! /+*#-!
+#,(%$*-3#!)-3*!*+7C-#!-%!)$%%->!/+*#-!7$(&+%!)-3*!C#R.-#8!U4>!(.!K!$!3%-!-&)Q'-!,-!I$#$%*(-!
,-!)#+*-'*(+%!,-!/+&!,+%%0-&>!)#+*-'*(+%!$3&&(!'+%*#-!.-&!(%*#3&(+%&>!'-!%6-&*!)$&!I$#$%*(!VWW!
X>!7$(&!+%!/$!(7$I(%-#!536(.&!&$/-%*!53$%,!7?7-!7(-3O!&-!)#+*0I-#!'+%*#-!.-&!$**$53-&!,-&!
B$'S-3#&!53-!/+3&8!P+%'!D$>!'6-&*!.$!)#-7(Q#-!'B+&-8!!
!
U$!,-3O(Q7-!'B+&-!)+3#!3%-!-%*#-)#(&->!'6-&*!,-!)+3/+(#!2$(#-!,-&!0'+%+7(-&!,-!I-&*(+%8!=-!
%6-&*!)$&!.6-%*#-)#(&->!)+3#!3%-!-%*#-)#(&-!'6-&*!'+7).(530>!(.!2$3*!$'B-*-#!,-&!+#,(%$*-3#&>!(.!
2$3*!$/+(#!,-&!(%I0%(-3#&!&K&*Q7-!53(!IQ#-%*!*+3*!D$!-*!'-!%6-&*!)$&!.-3#!C3&(%-&&8!Y+3&!?*-&!
3%-! -%*#-)#(&->! H-! %-! &$(&! )$&>! ,$%&! .-&! *#$/$3O! )3C.('&>! '-! %6-&*! )$&! /+*#-! 70*(-#! ,-! 2$(#-!
*+3#%-#!,-&!+#,(%$*-3#&8!P+%'!-%!.-&!,0)+#*$%*!&3#!.-!=.+3,>!/+3&!-O*-#%$.(&-A!,63%-!'-#*$(%-!
2$D+%!/+*#-!(%2+#7$*(53->!-*!/+3&!$3*+#(&-A!,6$3*#-&!)-#&+%%-&>!,-&!(%I0%(-3#&!&K&*Q7-!53(!%-!
&+%*!7?7-!)$&!,-!'B-A!/+3&>!,-!.-&!I0#-#8!P+%'!D$>!'6-&*!.-&!$/$%*$I-&!,3!=.+3,8!!
!
U-&!,0&$/$%*$I-&>!'6-&*!53-!,63%-!'-#*$(%-!2$D+%>!/+3&!)-#,-A!3%!)-*(*!)-3!.-!'+%*#G.-!,-!'-!
53-!/+3&!?*-&!-%!*#$(%!,-!2$(#-8!Z6$(!&+3.(I%0!C-$3'+3)!,-!)+(%*&!)+&(*(2&!,3!=.+3,>!(.!K!$!53$%,!
7?7-!53-.53-&!)+(%*&!53(!&+%*!%0I$*(2&>!.-!)#-7(-#!0*$%*!,6$C+#,!.-&!)#+C.Q7-&!0'+.+I(53-&!
536(.!I0%Q#->!)3(&53-!53$%,!/+3&!7-**-A!/+&!,+%%0-&!-O*#?7-7-%*!.+(%!,-!'B-A!/+3&>!/+3&!
$..-A!$/+(#!,-&!I$&)(..$I-&!,60.-'*#('(*0!)+3#!$..-#!.-&!'B-#'B-#>!)+3#!.-&!#$7-%-#!'B-A!/+3&8!
P+%'!D$>!'6-&*!.-!)#-7(-#!)+(%*8!1.!K!$!$3&&(!53-.53-!'B+&-!53(!7+(!7-!I?%-!3%!)-3>!'6-&*!3%-!
)B(.+&+)B(-!3%!)-*(*!)-3!&+3&:H$'-%*-!,3!=.+3,>!53(!-&*!'-**-!-&)Q'-!,6BK)-#:'-%*#$.(&$*(+%8![%!
'-%*#$.(&-!.-&!'$.'3.&>!+%!'-%*#$.(&-!.-&!,+%%0-&8!\!.6$##(/0->!'-!53-!/+3&!$/-A>!'6-&*!53-!/+3&!
$/-A!53-.53-&!-%*#-)#(&-&!53(!/+%*!)$#!-O-7).-!)+&&0,-#!*+3*-&!.-&!,+%%0-&!)-#&+%%-..-&!,-!
*+3&!.-&!(%,(/(,3&!,$%&!.-!7+%,-!,$%&!,-&!0%+#7-&!,$*$!'-%*-#&8!!
!
=6-&*! 3%! )-*(*! )-3! 4! .6+))+&0! ,63%-! )B(.+&+)B(-! 53(! -&*! ).3*G*! $3! ,0)$#*! )$#! -O-7).-! ,-!
.61%*-#%-*>! 53(! 0*$(*! 3%-! )B(.+&+)B(-! ,-! ,0'-%*#$.(&$*(+%>! ,-! .+'$.(&$*(+%! $3! 7$O(737! ,-&!
'B+&-&8! P+%'! .$! ,0'-%*#$.(&$*(+%! $! 0%+#707-%*! ,6$/$%*$I-&>! -..-! /+3&! #-%,! ).3&! $3*+%+7->!
-..-!2$(*! ,-&! 0'+%+7(-&! ,60.-'*#('(*0!$3&&(8!L*! ,+%'! ,63%-!'-#*$(%-!2$D+%>! .$! '+%'-%*#$*(+%! ,-!
*+3&!.-&!'$.'3.&!,$%&!'-&!,$*$!'-%*-#&!%6-&*!)$&!53-!)+&(*(/-8!!
!
@.+#&! +%! )+3##$(*! (7$I(%-#! ,-&! =.+3,&! C-$3'+3)! ).3&! ,0'-%*#$.(&0&>! C-$3'+3)! ).3&!
(%,(/(,3$.(&0&>! '6-&*:4:,(#-! *+3*-&! %+&! )3(&&$%'-&! ,-! '$.'3.8! U-&! +#,(%$*-3#&! 53-! /+3&! $/-A!
'B-A!/+3&>!)$#!-O-7).-!/+*#-!C+T*-!*0.0>!'6-&*!3%!+#,(%$*-3#!-*!*+3*-&!'-&!'B+&-&:.4>!-*!'6-&*!'-&!
+#,(%$*-3#&:.4! 53(! )+3##$(-%*! &-! 7-**#-! -%&-7C.-! )+3#! 2$(#-! 3%! =.+3,>! 3%! '$.'3.! ,$%&! .-&!
%3$I-&8!@.+#&!D$!$!C-$3'+3)!,6$/$%*$I-&8!N#-%+%&!H3&*-!.$!/(,0+8!N.3*G*!53-!,6$..-#!'B-#'B-#!

!
MOOC$"ICN$(Informatique$et$Création$Numérique)"$
"#$%&'#()*(+%!,-!.$!/(,0+!
N2$Le$Web$et$ses$usages$sociétaux$
!
3%!2(.7>!.$!/(,0+!53-!/+3&!/+3.-A!/+(#!'-!&+(#!4!.6$3*#-!C+3*!,3!7+%,->!-*!,3!'+3)!$/+(#!,-&!
'+R*&!'+%&(,0#$C.-&!-%!0%-#I(->!/+3&!)+3##(-A!)-3*:?*#-!*#+3/-#!'-**-!/(,0+!&3#!/+*#-!=.+3,!
#0I(+%$.!+3!.+'$.>!'B-A!3%!,-!/+&!/+(&(%&!53(!%-!&$(*!7?7-!)-3*:?*#-!)$&!536(.!/$!/+3&!&-#/(#!'-!
2(.7>! 7$(&! ,63%-! '-#*$(%-! 2$D+%>! /+3&! $..-A! 2$(#-! ,-&! 0'+%+7(-&! '+%&(,0#$C.-&! -%! 0%-#I(-! -*!
)-3*:?*#-!#0'3)0#-#!'-*!-&)#(*!+#(I(%-.!,3!]-C>!53(!-&*!.$!,0'-%*#$.(&$*(+%8!