Un réseau écologique pour gérer les liens foncGonnels entre la

Un réseau écologique pour gérer les liens fonc2onnels entre la biodiversité et les services écologiques Andrew Gonzalez ACFAS, May 2013 ‐ Environ la moi<é de la faune vertébrée du Québec, et 40% des espèces en situa<on précaire (deJe d’ex<nc<on). ‐ Seulement 1% du milieu terrestre est protégé. 0 Fragment Size (ha) More 225 To 250 200 To 225 175 To 200 150 To 175 125 To 150 100 To 125 90 To 100 80 To 90 70 To 80 60 To 70 50 To 60 40 To 50 200 30 To 40 20 To 30 10 To 20 5 To 10 2 To 5 1 To 2 Up To 1 Number of Fragments 450 400 350 300 250 La plupart des fragments sont <20 ha. 150 100 50 MAPLE
BIODIVERSITY
SYRUP
Carbon
sequestration
WOOD
Regulation
of water
quality
CROPS
Pest
regulation
Water Quality
Soil Organic Matter
Cottage Value
Pork Production
service
structure
Deer Hunting
composition
Nature Appreciation
configuration
Soil Phosporus Retention
Maple Syrup Production
Carbon Sequestration
Tourism
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
variance
Liss, BenneJ and Gonzalez 0.8
1.0
Gonzalez et al. (1998) Science
Loreau, Mouquet & Gonzalez (2003) PNAS
Pillai, Gonzalez & Loreau (2010) PNAS
La biodiversité et fonc<onnement d’un écosystème en réseau 1)  Assure les déplacements de différentes espèces (ex. migra<ons) 2) Main<en de la biodiversité, et les liens entre la société, la biodiversité et les services écologiques Méthodologie Climate change: Future climate niche Network structure under various scenarios of LUC and CC to 2050 Land Use Change Distribu(on of habitat Present N Forest Agriculture 50 km
Urban Business as Usual to 2050 N Forest Agriculture 50 km
Urban e.g., Nuthatch Si5a canadensis Light grey dots give the current clima(c condi(ons over the whole Eastern North‐America. Dark grey dots give the distribu(on of the species within this clima(c space. Black dots give the current condi(ons in our study area. The red dots give the future condi(ons for the different scenarios. Dr. Bronwyn Rayfield Code des parcelles 1 Mouvement poten<el = lien 962 1925 Parecelle d’habitat = nœud 25 km A. Common
eastern bumble
C. White-tailed
deer bee
Node centrality measured as ‘betweeness’. C. White-tailed deer
Node importance was determined by dele<ng each node and calcula<ng the resul<ng loss in ECA. Warmer colours indicate nodes whose removal had a large effect on ECA. Soeware: Circuitscape 3.5 (McRae 2006) A. Common eastern bumble bee
C. White-tailed deer
B. American marten
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Current density maps: warmer colours less resistance, high flux Ranking of habitat Top 2% Top 2 to 5% Top 5 to 10% Top 10 to 25% 25 to 50% 50 to 80% 80 to 100% 4 input layers with equal weigh<ng (NB, ECA, HQ, CD) for 5 species Chapter 7: Multispecies network selection using Zonation
Considerable erosion of the network, but priori<za<on similar )LJXUH/DQGVFDSHSULRULWL]DWLRQEDVHGRQODQGFRYHUFRQGLWLRQVLQXQGHUµ%XVLQHVV$V8VXDO¶ODQGXVH
Merci à vous et à nos partenaires… L’équipe Montérégie Connexion: www.connexionmonteregie.com Centre de la Nature, Nature‐Ac<on Québec …et beaucoup d’autres. hJp://rmnat.org/node/157 Terrestrial vertebrates Soeware: Circuitscape 3.5 (McRae 2006) (2YHQELUG
A. Common eastern bumble bee
C. White-tailed deer
B. American marten
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Current density maps: warmer colours less resistance, high flux Ovenbird Type Age Density American Marten representa<ve species of mature and old deciduous dominated forests associated with forests old and mature coniferous dominated forests Red‐Breasted Nuthatch representa<ve species of mature and old coniferous dominated forests Snowshoe Hare Pileated Woodpecker old and mature deciduous and mixed forests Dr. Cecile Albert Local conversion processes for land alloca2on: Suitability + Diffusion + Protec2on Protected Habitat Urbaniza?on Agriculture (green) ‐ +
5 km N Scenarios: Random, Business As Usual, Protec2ng Connec2vity Small fragments, big contribu<on… 1000
Fragments <20ha dominate the landscape count
Number of fragments 750
500
250
0
1 2 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 0 to1
1to22to5 5to10
10to
2020
to
3030
to
4040
to
5050
to
6060
to
7070
to
8080
90
to 90
100
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125
to 125
150
to 150
175
to 175
200
to 200
225
to 225
togreater
250
Bin
Size (ha) Montreal‘s annual emissions C stored (aboveground) in forest fragments <20 h All transporta<on All industry All buildings … on the Island of Montréal 200
Cumulative TN (mg / subchamber)
Continuous
Corridors
150
Broken
150 days
Islands
100
50
0
-50
-100
19
33
47
62
77
90 105 118 133 147 161 176 191 204 218 232 247 261 275 292
Time (days)
Staddon et al. 2010 Ecology LeJers Effect of Fragmentation (RM-ANOVA: F3, 16 = 7.843, P = 0.002
0
A. American marten
B. White-tailed deer
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BAU scenario 2000
2025
2050
Year
Figure 6-3. Node importance based on the Equivalent connected area (ECA) of the species’ habitat networks.
ECA = area of a single patch with the same connec<vity Node importance: systema<c node dele<on and recalcula<on of ECA. Economic analysis of network value (ES) and costs Extension to 20 species, integra<on of ES and sensi<vity analysis Integra<on of ‘blue’ network Development of generalized plaporm of network and large ci<es Notre region: une biodiversité précaire Faits saillants pour la Montérégie Est (source CRRNT): La région compte environ 1600 plantes vasculaires dont plus de 130 en situa<on précaire. Environ la moi<é de la faune vertébrée du Québec, et 40% des espèces en situa<on précaire. 2,3% du territoire est légalement reconnu comme aire protégée, dont 60% en milieu aqua<que. Seulement 1% du milieu terrestre est ainsi protégé.