Quelques dates importantes dans l`histoire de la génétique et de l

Quelques'dates'importantes'dans'l’histoire'de'la'génétique'et'de'l’évolution'
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o Antiquité.!"#$%&'&(!)*+%%+$&!*(%!,!-&#(%!.$.+/&%!0!1!2$/3#+*4!.353&+*4!+/$2+*4!6'22(!7+#!*8'9%(#.+&$'/!:!
*8;$*!/<!=(!=$>>3#(/&%!)#$&?#(%!=@+77+#&(/+/)(!+<!2'/=(!2$/3#+*4!.353&+*!'<!+/$2+*A!B@6'22(!3&+$&!:!
*@(C&3#$(<#!=<!2'/=(!+/$2+*4!)'/%$=3#3!)'22(!*@-&#(!.$.+/&!*(!7*<%!)'27*(C(!+7#?%!D$(<ECFA!
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o 1590.!G/.(/&$'/!=<!2$)#'%)'7(!7+#!H+/%%(/!E+&&#$9<3(!+<%%$!:!I+*$*3(!(/!JKLMFA!
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o 1665.!D3)'<.(#&(!=(!*+!)(**<*(!7+#!N'9(#&!O''P(A!
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o 1673.!D3)'<.(#&(!=(%!)(**<*(%!6<2+$/(%!(&!=(%!2$)#''#5+/$%2(%!7+#!"/&'/$!.+/!B((<Q(/6'(PA!
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o 1735.!R+#*!.'/!B$//3!>'/=(!*+!)*+%%$>$)+&$'/!7+#!*8'9%(#.+&$'/!=(!)#$&?#(%!=(!#(%%(29*+/)(A!G*!=3>$/$&!S!
.+#$3&3%!=8O'2'!%+7$(/%!1!*(%!"2(#$)+/<%!1!#'<5(4!)'*3#$T<(!(&!=#'$&4!*(%!U<#'7(<%!1!9*+/)4!%+/5<$/!(&!
2<%)<*+$#(4!*(%!"%$+&$)<%!1!V+</(!7W*(4!23*+/)'*$T<(!(&!#$5$=(!(&!*(%!">(#!1!/'$#4!>*(52+&$T<(!(&!
=3)'/&#+)&34!+<CT<(**(%!$*!+V'<&(!X*(%!2'/%&#(%XA!
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o 1775.'H'6+//!Y#$(=#$)6!Z*<2(/9+)6!7#'7'%+4!(/!%@+77<[+/&!%<#!B$//34!</(!/'<.(**(!)*+%%$>$)+&$'/!=(%!
Homo$sapiens!1!De$generis$humani$varietate$nativa!1!*+!.+#$3&3!)+<)+%$(//(!:!7(+<!7W*(!E*@U<#'7(F4!*+!
.+#$3&3!2'/5'*(!ER6$/(!(&!H+7'/F4!*+!.+#$3&3!3&6$'7$(//(!:!7(+<!%'29#(!E">#$T<(F4!*+!.+#$3&3!
+23#$)+$/(4!(&!*+!.+#$3&3!2+*+$%(!E\'*[/3%$(/%4!"9'#$5?/(%AAAFA!G*!3&+9*$&!</(!6$3#+#)6$(!(/&#(!*(%!.+#$3&3%A!
G*!7*+)(!*+!.+#$3&3!)+<)+%$(//(!:!*@'#$5$/(!=(%!+<&#(%!%(*'/!</!)#$&?#(!&#?%!7(#%'//(*!1!)@(%&!*(!7(<7*(!*(!
7*<%!9(+<!]!B(%!+<&#(%!.+#$3&3%!%'/&!</(!=353/3#(%)(/)(!7+#!#+77'#&!:!)(&&(!7'7<*+&$'/!'#$5$/(**(!
Edégénérescence!=+/%!*(!%(/%!^écart$par$rapport$à^FA!
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o 1791.!\+#<&$'/!7'%&!2'#&(2!=(!*8'<.#+5(!=(!R+27(#!%<#!*8+/5*(!>+)$+*!XDissertation$sur$les$Variétés$
Naturelles$qui$caractérisent$la$Physionomie$des$hommes$des$divers$climats$et$des$différents$âges.$Suivie$de$
Réflexions$sur$la$Beauté$;$particulièrement$sur$celle$de$la$tête...“!
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o 1853@1855.'Arthur'de'Gobineau'publie'“Essai'sur'l’inégalité'des'races'humaines“.'
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o 1859.!U/!"/5*(&(##(4!"*>#(=!_+**+)(!(&!R6+#*(%!D+#Q$/!=3)'<.#(/&!*+!&63'#$(!=(!*@3.'*<&$'/!=(%!(%7?)(%A!
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o 1864.!B+!.$(!7#'.$(/&!=(!*+!.$(!1!B'<$%!\+%&(<#!EJ`aabJ`McF!+!3&3!*(!7#(2$(#!:!7#'<.(#!T<(!*+!.$(!/(!7(<&!
%(!=3.(*'77(#!%7'/&+/32(/&A!
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o 1866.!\<9*$)+&$'/!=(%!*'$%!=(!d(/=(*!%<#!*@63#3=$&3A!
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o 1880.!J?#(!'9%(#.+&$'/!=(!)6#'2'%'2(%!7+#!Y*(22$/5A!!
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o 1909.!Z+7&-2(!=(%!5?/(%!7+#!*(!9$'*'5$%&(!=+/'$%!_$*6(*2!H'6+//%(/!EJ`cebJMaeF!A!
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o 1911.!f63'#$(!=(!*863#3=$&3!=32'/&#3(!7+#!f6'2+%!O</&!d'#5+/A!
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o 1931.!B(!7#$/)$7(!=<!2$)#'%)'7(!3*()&#'/$T<(!+!3&3!2$%!+<!7'$/&!7+#!d+C!g/'**!(&!U#/%&!N<%P+A!
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o 1944.!G=(/&$>$)+&$'/!=(!*+!/+&<#(!)6$2$T<(!=(!*8"Dh!7+#!i%Q+*=!".(#[4!R'*$/!d+)B('=4!(&!d)R+#&[A!
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o 1950.!i9%(#.+&$'/!=(!*+!>'#2(!(/!63*$)(!=(!*8"Dh!7+#!N'%+*$/=!Y#+/P*$/!(&!d+<#$)(!_$*P$/%A!
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o 1952.'d$%(!(/!3.$=(/)(!=(!*8"Dh!)'22(!2'*3)<*(!7'#&(<%(!=(!*8$/>'#2+&$'/!53/3&$T<(!7+#!"*>#(=!
O(#%6([!(&!d+#&6+!R6+%(A!
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o 1953.!D3&(#2$/+&$'/!=(!*+!%&#<)&<#(!=(!*+!2'*3)<*(!=8"Dh!7+#!H+2(%!_+&%'/!(&!Y#+/)$%!R#$)PA!
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o 1956.!D3&(#2$/+&$'/!=<!/'29#(!=(!)6#'2'%'2(%!6<2+$/%!1!SK!)6#'2'%'2(%!Eaj!7#'.(/+/&!=<!7?#(!
(&!aj!7#'.(/+/&!=(!*+!2?#(F!7+#!HAO!f$V'!(&!"A!B(.+/A!
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o 1957.!D3)'<.(#&(%!=<!23)+/$%2(!=(!#(7#'=<)&$'/!=(!*@"Dh!E#37*$)+&$'/F4!7+#!d+&&6(Q!d(%(*%'/!(&!
Y#+/P*$/!k&+6*A!!
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o 1965.!\+<*$/5!(&!l<)P(#6+/=*!%<55?#(/&!T<(!*(%!%3T<(/)(%!=@+)$=(%!/<)*3$T<(%!(&!7#'&3$T<(%!)6+/5(/&!
+.()!*(!&(27%4!(&!7(<.(/&!-&#(!<&$*$%3(%!)'22(!=(%!)6#'/'2?&#(%!2'*3)<*+$#(%A!
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o 2003.!Y$/!=<!%3T<(/m+5(!=<!53/'2(!6<2+$/!EO<2+/!I(/'2(!\#'V()&F!*+/)3!(/!JMMj!(&!$27*$T<+/&!J`!
7+[%A!
,!B(!7#'V(&!=<!53/'2(!6<2+$/!+!#3.3*3!T<(4!)(!T<(!*(%!5(/%!)'/%$=?#(/&!)'22(!=(%!=$>>3#(/)(%!
#+)$+*(%4!/(!)'/%&$&<(!T<(!L4LJ!n!=(%!jc!LLL!5?/(%!(%&$23%!T<$!)'/%&$&<(/&!*(!)'#7%A!U/!7#3%(/&+/&!
*@3.$=(/)(!=(!*@$27'%%$9$*$&3!=(!=3>$/$#!*(%!#+)(%!EAAAF4!*+!53/3&$T<(!+!#<$/3!*+!V<%&$>$)+&$'/!=(%!/+&$'/%!
)6(#)6+/&!:!$27'%(#!*(<#!='2$/+&$'/!0!