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9Y.==?2;A6@@.422/BA1K0<B92129.=?K:6@@2@29<;9.>B2992B;.==?2;A6@@.42
CK?6A./92@2:.;632@A2?.=.?B;2=2?3<?:.;021B?./92129YK9LC2Y6;C2?@2
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YGC.9B.A6<;@<BA62;1Y==?2;A6@@.422@AB;=?<02@@B@1Y612;A6360.A6<;
12@.@=20A@=2?A6;2;A@129Y.==?2;A6@@.42.B3B?2AH:2@B?212@<;1KC29<==2
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612;A6360.A6<; 1.;@ 92 /BA 12 =?<:<BC<6? 9Y.==?2;A6@@.42 9B6:M:2 2
=?<02@@B@2@A06/9K2;=?6<?6AK@B?92@0.=.06AK@129Y.==?2;.;A2;0<B?@12
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@<?A2YGC.9B.A6<;@<BA62;1Y==?2;A6@@.42@Y6;AL4?2.B=?<02@@B@1Y2;@264;2
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@6AB.A6<;@ 1Y2;@264;2:2;A.==?2;A6@@.42:.6@ =2BA ?K@B9A2? 2; =.?A6212
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@B?9Y.==?2;A6@@.42129YK9LC2:.6@=9BAOA1.;@9Y2332A=<@6A63>BY29922;42;1?2
=<B?9Y.==?2;.;A<?@>BY29922@A/62;6;AK4?K21.;@12@0<;A2EA2@1Y2;@264;2
:2;A.==?2;A6@@.429Y@=?K=.?29YK9LC2HB;.==?2;A6@@.429.?42A<BA.B
9<;4129.C62
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1Y==?2;A6@@.423<?:B9K2=.?9.0<;3K?2;022;:.?@2AA21K36;6A6<;
C6@2H@<B964;2?9.02;A?.A6<;=?6<?6A.6?2@B?9Y.==?2;A6@@.4212@K9LC2@992
2@A@B6C621YB;2K9./<?.A6<;2E=96>B.;A92@0<:=<@.;A2@
Définition
YGC.9B.A6<;@<BA62;1Y==?2;A6@@.423.6A=.?A6212@=?.A6>B2@>B<A6
162;;2@12@K9LC2@2A12@2;@264;.;A@>B66;16C61B2992:2;A2A2;6;A2?.0A6<;
?2052?052;A?K39K056@@2;A@B?2A?K.46@@2;AH9Y6;3<?:.A6<;=?<C2;.;A1YK05.;
42@1K:<;@A?.A6<;@2A</@2?C.A6<;@.36;123.C<?6@2?92@.==?2;A6@@.42@2;
0<B?@