IRM-Principes de base

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Pierre CARLIER ([email protected])
Laboratoire de RMN AFM/CEA
Institut de Myologie Bâtiment Babinski
Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière
Paris
BasicPrinciples
NMRImaging
Functional NMRImaging&Spectroscopy

Cours 1 : Principes de la RMN
1. Magnétisme nucléaire
1.1. Atome
1.2. Moment cinétique
1.3. Moment magnétique
1.4. Rapport gyromagnétique
1.5. Comportement en l’absence et dans un champ statique
1.6. Équation de Larmor
1.7. Noyaux d’intérêt biologique
2. Résonance magnétique nucléaire
2.1. Principe
2.2. Modèle classique (équilibre, excitation)
2.3. Angle de bascule
2.4. Modèle quantique
2.4. Signal de RMN : signal d’induction libre (FID)
3. Phénomène de relaxation
3.1. Relaxation
3.2. Longitudinale (T1)
3.3. Transversale (T2)
3.4. Notion de T2*
4. Mesure du signal RMN
4.1. Aimant/sonde RMN
4.2. FID
4.3. Inversion-récupération : mesure du T1
4.4. Écho de spin: mesure de T2
5. Contraste tissulaire
5.1. contraste T1
5.2. contraste T2
5.3. contraste densité de protons
6. Spectroscopie RMN
6.1. déplacement chimique
6.2. l’exemple de la RMN du P31

Magnetic properties of the nuclei
Matter is made of atoms. Atoms are made up
of electrons and nuclei. Each atomic nucleus
has four important physical properties: mass,
electric charge, magnetism and spin.
spin

Magnetic properties of the nuclei
Matter is made of atoms. Atoms are made up of electrons and
nuclei. Each atomic nucleus has four important physical
properties: mass, electric charge, magnetism and spin.
Spin is a quantum mechanical intrinsic property of elementary particles. It is
very difficult to imagine this property, and the notion of actual rotation can be
somewhat helpful. However, it is wise to separate this notion of a spinning
particle from the quantum mechanical property we call "spin".

Magnetic properties of the nuclei
Matter is made of atoms. Atoms are made up of electrons and
nuclei. Each atomic nucleus has four important physical
properties: mass, electric charge, magnetism and spin.
Spin is a quantum mechanical intrinsic property of elementary particles. It is
very difficult to imagine this property, and the notion of actual rotation can be
somewhat helpful. However, it is wise to separate this notion of a spinning
particle from the quantum mechanical property we call "spin".
Although spin is a form of angular momentum, an elementary particle with
spin does not mean it is rotating; particles with spin simply have spin. The
concept of a particle rotating around its own axis is helpful, but it is
intellectually sterile; for example, at absolute zero temperature when all
motion ceases, a particle still has "spin".