!
"#!$%&'(#(%&!)!"#!*+,-.!
$(/%#/!0%1.,(-23(,-%.#(45#!
67!#&(!890/(-:!;7<=7!8%#.>!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!<=4??4=@4A=4BB!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
Les$facteurs$de$risque$des$maladies$parodontales!
Définition(:(
"#$%! &'! %#(('%! )*%! +#$%! ,-*$.! /*0'! *$! 12%3$'! 4'! 4,5'6#))'1! $&'! (*6*42'! )*1#4#&+*6'7! 8'66'902!
*))*1*:+!6#1%3$;26!%'!)1,%'&+'!$&'!*%%#02*+2#&!4'!)6$%2'$1%!/*0+'$1%!4'!12%3$'7!8#(('!&#$%!6<*5#&%!5$!
%$1!6<*1+206'!4'%!C%#+3+,-.-(>!='!/*0+'$1!4,06'&0>*&+!?/*0+'$1!,+2#6#-23$'@!'%+!6*!C/%D&(! 3(,-%.#(7!A*!
)*1/*2+'!,62(2&*+2#&!)*1!6'!B1#%%*-'!1'%+'!6*!('266'$1!)1,5'&+2#&7!C&!6;*B%'&0'!4'!)6*3$'!4'&+*21'D!6'%!
/*0+'$1%! 4'! 12%3$'! 3$'! 6;#&! 5*! 4,0121'! 029*)1E%! &;*$1#&+! *$0$&'! 2&/6$'&0'! %$1! /(! C%#+3+,-(4!='%!
(*6*42'%!)*1#4#&+*6'%!5#&+!4#&0!*))*1*:+1'!)6$%!+F+D!%'!4,5'6#))'1!)6$%!52+'!'+!%'1#&+!)6$%!42//2026'%!G!
%+*B262%'1! '&! )1,%'&0'! 4'! )6*3$'! 4'&+*21'! '+! 4'! /*0+'$1%! 4'! 12%3$'! +'6%! 3$'! 6'! +*B*0D! 6'! 42*BE+'! &#&!
,3$262B1,D!6*!%$%0')+2B262+,!62,'!G!6*!-,&,+23$'!?>,1,42+,@!'+!6'!%+1'%%7!
Le(tabac(
H&! #B%'15'! $&! '//'+! 4#%'94,)'&4*&+D! 0<'%+9G9421'! 3$'! 6<'//'+! 4,6,+E1'!
'%+! )1#)#1+2#&&'6! *$! &#(B1'! 4'! 02-*1'++'%! /$(,'%! )*1! I#$1! '+! *$!
&#(B1'!4<*&&,'%!4'!+*B*-2%('7!
J!0'!+2+1'D!6'!+*B*0!'%+!0#&%24,1,!0#(('!$&!/*0+'$1!4'!12%3$'!(*I'$1!
4'%!)*1#4#&+2+'%7!
Effets&du&tabac&et&conséquences&sur&le&parodonte&:&
• K$-('&+*+2#&!4'!6*!+'(),1*+$1'!B$00*6'!L!4,%,3$262B1'!4'!6*!
/6#1'!B$00*6'7!
• M'&025'!'.)#%,'!G!6*!/$(,'!L!(#42/20*+2#&!4'!6*!+'.+$1'!'+!4'!6*!
0#$6'$1!4$!)*1#4#&+'7!
• N2(2&$+2#&!4$!4,B2+!%*625*21'!L!(#2&%!4<'//'+!*$+#9&'++#O*&+D!6'!
/$('$1!)1,%'&+'!'&!-,&,1*6!$&'!3$*&+2+,!4'!+*1+1'!)6$%!2()#1+*&+'7!
• P#2&%!B#&&'!5*%0$6*12%*+2#&!4'%!-'&025'%!L!6'%!%2-&'%!062&23$'%!4'!6;2&/6*((*+2#&!%#&+!6'!)6$%!
%#$5'&+!(*%3$,%D!'+!6*!020*+12%*+2#&!%'!/*2+!(*67!
Q*2%%'!4'!6<'//20*02+,!4'!6*!4,/'&%'!2(($&2+*21'!L!*()62/20*+2#&!4'!6*!4'%+1$0+2#&!#%%'$%'!'+!$&'!(#2&%!
B#&&'! 020*+12%*+2#&7! ='! +*B*0! *$-('&+'! 6*! )1,5*6'&0'! '+! 6*! %,5,12+,! 4'%! )*1#4#&+2+'%! '+! 42(2&$'!
6<'//20*02+,!4'%!+1*2+'('&+%!)*1#4#&+*$.7!
Recommandations&:&
R6!'%+!1'0#((*&4,!4;2&06$1'!6;*11S+!4$!+*B*0!4*&%!6*!)12%'!'&!0>*1-'!)*1#4#&+*6'7!='!%'51*-'!+*B*-23$'!
#//1'!$&'!*(,62#1*+2#&!4'!6*!%*&+,!-,&,1*6'D!$&'!1,4$0+2#&!4$!12%3$'!4'!)*1#4#&+2+'%!'+!$&'!1,4$0+2#&!
4;*$+1'%!)*+>#6#-2'%!#1*6'%!0#(('!6'%!6'$0#)6*%2'%!'+!6'%!0*&0'1%7!
!(