!
"#!$%&'(#(%&!)!"#!*+,-.!
$(/%#/!0%1.,(-23(,-%.#(45#!
67!#&(!890/(-:!;7<=7!8%#.>!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!<=4??4=@4A=4BB!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
Les$facteurs$de$risque$des$maladies$parodontales!
Définition(:(
"#$%! &'! %#(('%! )*%! +#$%! ,-*$.! /*0'! *$! 12%3$'! 4'! 4,5'6#))'1! $&'! (*6*42'! )*1#4#&+*6'7! 8'66'902!
*))*1*:+!6#1%3$;26!%'!)1,%'&+'!$&'!*%%#02*+2#&!4'!)6$%2'$1%!/*0+'$1%!4'!12%3$'7!8#(('!&#$%!6<*5#&%!5$!
%$1!6<*1+206'!4'%!C%#+3+,-.-(>!='!/*0+'$1!4,06'&0>*&+!?/*0+'$1!,+2#6#-23$'@!'%+!6*!C/%D&(! 3(,-%.#(7!A*!
)*1/*2+'!,62(2&*+2#&!)*1!6'!B1#%%*-'!1'%+'!6*!('266'$1!)1,5'&+2#&7!C&!6;*B%'&0'!4'!)6*3$'!4'&+*21'D!6'%!
/*0+'$1%! 4'! 12%3$'! 3$'! 6;#&! 5*! 4,0121'! 029*)1E%! &;*$1#&+! *$0$&'! 2&/6$'&0'! %$1! /(! C%#+3+,-(4!='%!
(*6*42'%!)*1#4#&+*6'%!5#&+!4#&0!*))*1*:+1'!)6$%!+F+D!%'!4,5'6#))'1!)6$%!52+'!'+!%'1#&+!)6$%!42//2026'%!G!
%+*B262%'1! '&! )1,%'&0'! 4'! )6*3$'! 4'&+*21'! '+! 4'! /*0+'$1%! 4'! 12%3$'! +'6%! 3$'! 6'! +*B*0D! 6'! 42*BE+'! &#&!
,3$262B1,D!6*!%$%0')+2B262+,!62,'!G!6*!-,&,+23$'!?>,1,42+,@!'+!6'!%+1'%%7!
Le(tabac(
H&! #B%'15'! $&! '//'+! 4#%'94,)'&4*&+D! 0<'%+9G9421'! 3$'! 6<'//'+! 4,6,+E1'!
'%+! )1#)#1+2#&&'6! *$! &#(B1'! 4'! 02-*1'++'%! /$(,'%! )*1! I#$1! '+! *$!
&#(B1'!4<*&&,'%!4'!+*B*-2%('7!
J!0'!+2+1'D!6'!+*B*0!'%+!0#&%24,1,!0#(('!$&!/*0+'$1!4'!12%3$'!(*I'$1!
4'%!)*1#4#&+2+'%7!
Effets&du&tabac&et&conséquences&sur&le&parodonte&:&
K$-('&+*+2#&!4'!6*!+'(),1*+$1'!B$00*6'!L!4,%,3$262B1'!4'!6*!
/6#1'!B$00*6'7!
M'&025'!'.)#%,'!G!6*!/$(,'!L!(#42/20*+2#&!4'!6*!+'.+$1'!'+!4'!6*!
0#$6'$1!4$!)*1#4#&+'7!
N2(2&$+2#&!4$!4,B2+!%*625*21'!L!(#2&%!4<'//'+!*$+#9&'++#O*&+D!6'!
/$('$1!)1,%'&+'!'&!-,&,1*6!$&'!3$*&+2+,!4'!+*1+1'!)6$%!2()#1+*&+'7!
P#2&%!B#&&'!5*%0$6*12%*+2#&!4'%!-'&025'%!L!6'%!%2-&'%!062&23$'%!4'!6;2&/6*((*+2#&!%#&+!6'!)6$%!
%#$5'&+!(*%3$,%D!'+!6*!020*+12%*+2#&!%'!/*2+!(*67!
Q*2%%'!4'!6<'//20*02+,!4'!6*!4,/'&%'!2(($&2+*21'!L!*()62/20*+2#&!4'!6*!4'%+1$0+2#&!#%%'$%'!'+!$&'!(#2&%!
B#&&'! 020*+12%*+2#&7! ='! +*B*0! *$-('&+'! 6*! )1,5*6'&0'! '+! 6*! %,5,12+,! 4'%! )*1#4#&+2+'%! '+! 42(2&$'!
6<'//20*02+,!4'%!+1*2+'('&+%!)*1#4#&+*$.7!
Recommandations&:&
R6!'%+!1'0#((*&4,!4;2&06$1'!6;*11S+!4$!+*B*0!4*&%!6*!)12%'!'&!0>*1-'!)*1#4#&+*6'7!='!%'51*-'!+*B*-23$'!
#//1'!$&'!*(,62#1*+2#&!4'!6*!%*&+,!-,&,1*6'D!$&'!1,4$0+2#&!4$!12%3$'!4'!)*1#4#&+2+'%!'+!$&'!1,4$0+2#&!
4;*$+1'%!)*+>#6#-2'%!#1*6'%!0#(('!6'%!6'$0#)6*%2'%!'+!6'%!0*&0'1%7!
!(
!
"#!$%&'(#(%&!)!"#!*+,-.!
$(/%#/!0%1.,(-23(,-%.#(45#!
67!#&(!890/(-:!;7<=7!8%#.>!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!<=4??4=@4A=4BB!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!E#-.0/(!>&#!/(>!5%0-(&#>!3(!#.>D&(!3(>!8%#+3+,-.-(>!
!
!
Le(diabète(
T&! 42*BE+'! &#&! ,3$262B1,! )'$+! 2&/6$'&0'1! 6;*))*12+2#&! #$! 6;,5#6$+2#&! 4;$&'! (*6*42'! )*1#4#&+*6'7! J! 0'!
+2+1'D! 6*! )*1#4#&+2+'! '%+! 0#&%24,1,'! 0#(('! 6*! U'! 0#()620*+2#&! 4$!
42*BE+'7!!
Effet&du&diabète&sur&le&parodonte&:&&
='!42*BE+'!'%+!0*1*0+,12%,!)*1!$&!+*$.!*&#1(*6'('&+!,6'5,!4'!
-6$0#%'!4*&%!6'!%*&-7!8'++'!>O)'1-6O0,(2'!'%+!4$'!G!$&'!4,/202'&0'!
4'!6*!%,01,+2#&!4;$&'!>#1(#&'D!6;2&%$62&'7!!
T&'!>O)'1-6O0,(2'!0>1#&23$'!5*!'&+1*:&'1!$&'!(#2&%!B#&&'!
020*+12%*+2#&!4'%!+2%%$%!'+!$&'!)6$%!-1*&4'!%$%0')+2B262+,!*$.!
2&/'0+2#&%D!0#(('!6'%!(*6*42'%!)*1#4#&+*6'%7!
Recommandations&:&
='!42*BE+'!5*!62(2+'1!6'!/#&0+2#&&'('&+!4'%!0'66$6'%!4'!4,/'&%'D!0'!3$2!/*0262+'!6*!)'1%2%+*&0'!B*0+,12'&&'!
4*&%!6*!C+0F(! C%#+3+,-%/(!'+!*$-('&+'!6*!4'%+1$0+2#&!)*1#4#&+*6'7!N*&%!$&'!,+$4'!,)24,(2#6#-23$'!
('&,'! *$.! V+*+%9T&2%D! 6'%! *4$6+'%! *5'0! 4'%! 42*BE+'%! /*2B6'('&+! 0#&+1F6,%! #&+! WDX! /#2%! )6$%! 4'! 12%3$'!
4;*5#21!$&'!)*1#4#&+2+'!)*1!1*))#1+!*$.!&#&!42*B,+23$'%7!!
Le(risque(génétique(
='!)*1#4#&+'!4'!)*+2'&+%!)1,%'&+*&+!4'%!3$*&+2+,%!'+!4'%!+O)'%!4'!)6*3$'%!4'&+*21'%!24'&+23$'%!)'$+!
1,*-21! 42//,1'(('&+7! 8'02! %;'.)623$'! '&! )*1+2'! )*1! $&'! %$%0')+2B262+,! -,&,+23$'! G! 6*! 4'%+1$0+2#&!
)*1#4#&+*6'D!%$%0')+2B262+,!)1#)1'!G!0>*3$'!2&42524$7!!
!
!!
='! 12%3$'! 4'! 4,5'6#))'1! $&'! (*6*42'! )*1#4#&+*6'! 6#1%3$<$&! 4'! %'%! )*1'&+%! #$! 6<$&! 4'! %'%! /1E1'%! '+!
%Y$1%! '%+! *++'2&+! '%+! )6$%! ,6'5,7! 8'++'! &#+2#&! '%+! *))'6,'! *-1,-*+2#&! /*(262*6'D! 0'! 3$2! 5'$+! 421'! 3$'!
0'1+*2&'%!/*(266'%!5#&+!)1,%'&+'1!)6$%!%#$5'&+!#$!4'!/*Z#&!)6$%!%,5E1'!4'%!(*6*42'%!)*1#4#&+*6'%7!!
[#$1! 6'%! /#1('%! 6'%! (#2&%! %,5E1'%! '+! 6'%! )6$%! 1,)*&4$'%! 4'%! (*6*42'%! )*1#4#&+*6'%! ?)*1#4#&+2+'!
0>1#&23$'@D!6*!0#&+12B$+2#&!-,&,+23$'!'%+!-,&,1*6'('&+!B'*$0#$)!)6$%!/2&'!'+!42//2026'!G!0'1&'17!!
!!
!(
!
"#!$%&'(#(%&!)!"#!*+,-.!
$(/%#/!0%1.,(-23(,-%.#(45#!
67!#&(!890/(-:!;7<=7!8%#.>!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!<=4??4=@4A=4BB!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!E#-.0/(!>&#!/(>!5%0-(&#>!3(!#.>D&(!3(>!8%#+3+,-.-(>!
!
!
L’intérêt(de(connaitre(le(facteur(héréditaire(:(
=<2&+,1S+!3$'!&#$%!*5#&%!G!0#()1'&41'!6*!0#&+12B$+2#&!4'!6*!-,&,+23$'!*$.!(*6*42'%!
)*1#4#&+*6'%!'%+!($6+2)6'7!C&!)1'(2'1!62'$D!6*!-,&,+23$'!4'52'&+!$&!/#1(24*B6'!#$+26!4'!)1,5'&+2#&7!8'6*!
)'1('++1*! 4<24'&+2/2'1! 6'%! 2&42524$%! 3$2! %#&+! G! 12%3$'! 4'! 4,5'6#))'1! $&'! )*1#4#&+2+'! *5*&+! 3$<26%!
)1,%'&+'&+!$&'! (*6*42'D! '+! 4#&0! 4<'%%*O'1! 4'!)1,5'&21!%#&!*))*12+2#&!)*1! 4'%! 0#&+1F6'%! 1,-$62'1%!#$!
$&'! *++'&+2#&! )*1+20$62E1'! G! 6<>O-2E&'! B$00#94'&+*21'7! C&%$2+'D! 0>'\! 6'%! )*+2'&+%! *++'2&+%D! 6'%! +'%+%!
-,&,+23$'%!)#$11#&+!*24'1!G!4,+'1(2&'1!6'!)1#&#%+20!4'%!4'&+%!1'%+*&+'%!'+!#12'&+'1!6'!0>#2.!%$1!+'6!#$!
+'6!+1*2+'('&+7!!
Les(Facteurs(environnementaux(:(
Le&stress&:&
=;*))*12+2#&! 4'! )*1#4#&+2+'%! +1E%! 52#6'&+'%! 0>'\! 6'%! [#26$%! 4'! 6*! [1'(2E1'! M$'11'! P#&42*6'D! B6#3$,%!
4*&%!6'$1%!+1*&0>,'%D!/$+!6'!)1'(2'1!)*%!5'1%!6*!0#()1,>'&%2#&!4'!6*!1'6*+2#&!'&+1'!%+1'%%!'+!(*6*42'%!
)*1#4#&+*6'%7! R6! '%+! 4,%#1(*2%! 0#&%24,1,! 0#(('! *03$2%! 6'! /*2+! 3$'! 6'! %+1'%%! *//*2B62+! 6'! %O%+E('!
2(($&2+*21'!'+!4#&0!6*!1,)#&%'!4'!6;>F+'!*$.!2&/'0+2#&%D!2&/6$'&Z*&+!*2&%2!6;*))*12+2#&!#$!6;,5#6$+2#&!4'%!
(*6*42'%!)*1#4#&+*6'%7!
='!%+1'%%!'%+!$&!/*0+'$1!/*5#12%*&+!4'!&#(B1'$%'%!(*6*42'%7!R6!'&+1*:&'!$&'!B*2%%'!4$!%O%+E('!
2(($&2+*21'!'+!4'%!(#42/20*+2#&%!4*&%!6'!0#()#1+'('&+7!!
Médicaments&:
8'1+*2&%!(,420*('&+%!#&+!4'%!'//'+%!2&4,%21*B6'%!L!42(2&$+2#&!4$!/6$.!4'!%*625'D!>O)'1+1#)>2'!-2&-25*6'7!
]#$%!4'5'\!0#(($&23$'1!6*!62%+'!4'!5#%!+1*2+'('&+%!G!5#+1'!0>21$1-2'&!4'&+2%+'!'+!6<2&/#1('1!4'!+#$+'!
(#42/20*+2#&7!
!
la&malnutrition&:
N'%!0*1'&0'%!52+*(2&23$'%!?&#+*(('&+!'&!52+*(2&'!8@!%#&+!1'%)#&%*B6'%!4<$&'!/1*-262+,!4$!
)*1#4#&+'7!!!!!!
( (
!
"#!$%&'(#(%&!)!"#!*+,-.!
$(/%#/!0%1.,(-23(,-%.#(45#!
67!#&(!890/(-:!;7<=7!8%#.>!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!<=4??4=@4A=4BB!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!E#-.0/(!>&#!/(>!5%0-(&#>!3(!#.>D&(!3(>!8%#+3+,-.-(>!
!
!
Les(facteurs(locaux(:
^!_'%+*$1*+2#&%!4'&+*21'%!2&*4*)+,'%7!!
^![1#B6E('%!4;#006$%2#&!L!(*$5*2%'!#006$%2#&D!B1$.2%('7!
^![*1*/#&0+2#&%!L!(#14266'('&+!4;$&!#BI'+!?01*O#&D!#&-6'%D!)2)'777@7!!
^!=*!)'1+'!4'!4'&+%!&#&!1'()6*0,'%7!!
^!N'%!'&0#(B1'('&+%!4'&+*21'%7
!
Les(facteurs(hormonaux(:
K$!0#$1%!4'!6*!52'!-,&2+*6'!4'!6*!/'(('D!4'!&#(B1'$%'%!5*12*+2#&%!>#1(#&*6'%!62,'%!G!6*!-1#%%'%%'!
)'$5'&+!*5#21!4'%!1,)'10$%%2#&%!*$!&25'*$!4'!6*!0*52+,!B$00*6'!'&!-,&,1*6!'+!*$!&25'*$!4$!)*1#4#&+'!'&!
)*1+20$62'17!
!!
Conclusion:
!
GH.3(,-.5.0%-.+,! 3(! 0(>! 5%0-(&#>! 3(! #.>D&(! C(#I(-! 3(! C#9J(,.#! /(! 39J(/+CC(I(,-! 3(>! I%/%3.(>!
C%#+3+,-%/(>:!-%,3.>!D&(!/(&#! 0+,-#K/(! >(! #9JL/(!.,3.>C(,>%1/(!C+&#!/%!0+,3&.-(!3&! -#%.-(I(,-!
C%#+3+,-%/4!
!
!
1 / 4 100%
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