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ABSTRACT
Deregulation of the B-cell compartment is an important consequence of human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. We observe a decrease in blood B lymphocyte
numbers accompanied by variations in the relative frequency of B cell populations in infected
individuals when compared to healthy controls. Our lab has previously exposed the
implication of dendritic cells in B-cell deregulation via excessive production of B lymphocyte
stimulator (BLyS/BAFF). Additionally, the study of BLYS/BAFF-transgenic mice as well as
mice exhibiting an AIDS-like disease revealed an expansion of the marginal zone (MZ) of the
spleen. Interestingly, we found reduced relative frequencies of mature MZ-like B cells in the
blood of elite controllers while rapid and classic HIV progressors had increased ‘precursor’
MZ-like cells. This variation in elite controllers is the only one observed for all population
analyzed and could be the reflection of active recruitment of these cells to the periphery to
help control infection.
To try and understand these variations in B-cell frequencies we have analyzed the B-
tropic chemotaxis axes CXCL13-CXCR5, CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7, CCL20-CCR6 and
CCL24-CCR9. The longitudinal study of patients with varying degrees of disease progression
and control shows a modulation of the levels of most chemokines in the blood of rapid and
classic progessors. Meanwhile, elite controllers maintain normal levels of these chemokines,
demonstrating their ability to preserve homeostasis. Our results suggest that the type of disease
progression impacts B-cell migration, resulting in modified B-cell population frequencies.
The decrease in mature MZ-like B-cells and the increased frequency of cells expressing
CXCR7, a receptor associated to the MZ in mice, in elite controllers suggest an important role
for the MZ in controlling HIV-1 infection. Overall, our results provide more information about
the B-cell compartment in the context of HIV-1 infection and can contribute to the elaboration
of preventive and therapeutic strategies for HIV-1.
Key words: B lymphocytes, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), chemotaxis, chemokine,
migration, clinical progression, marginal zone, B cell populations, longitudinal analysis.