◦
vit+∆t
2=vit−∆t
2+ ∆t
Fi(t)
m+O((∆t)3),
∆t
Fi
i r(t+∆t)+r(t−∆t)
r(t+ ∆t) + r(t−∆t)
 T0
vi(t)χ(t)T0
T+=Tt+∆t
2=1
3Nk X
i
mv2
it+∆t
2.
χ(t)
ζ(t)
dri
dt =vi
dvi
dt =
Fi
m−ζ(t)vi,
rivii
ζ(t) = Pivi(t).
Fi(t)
Pimv2
i
.
χ(t) = 1 −ζ(t)∆t+O((∆t)2).
N
s Q ps
Q
L=s2
N
X
i=1
mi
2(˙
ri)2−U({ri}i∈{1,...,N}) + Q
2˙s2−LkBTln s,
riU L
pipsrisH
L = 3N+ 1
s N
pi0=pi/s
t0=t/s dt
t0t
¨
ri=Fi
m−ξ(t)˙
ri
˙
ξ(t) = 1
Q N
X
i=1
m˙
r2
i−LkBT0!
ξ(t) = ˙s
st0
 ξ(t)
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