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Abstract
A growing number of people living with intellectual disabilities or cognitive difficulties (ID/CD)
decide to become parents. However, exercising this right may collide against various obstacles such
as inadequate support structures and negative opinions, beliefs and attitudes towards people with
ID/CD and more specifically, towards their capacity to raise a child successfully. To understand this
situation, the qualitative research project conducted as part of this PhD in social work has focused on
the social representations (SR) of the parenthood of people with ID/CD among practitioners and
parents with this condition. The objectives of the study were to: (1) identify the cognitive (knowledge)
and sociocognitive (opinions, attitudes, beliefs) components of the SR; (2) elicit the convergences
and divergences within and between groups; (3) list the personal and contextual factors that may
influence the SR. Twenty-seven professionals and nine parents participated in semi-structured
interviews. The data collected revealed several findings. First, many factors involving the experience
and context of practice are related to the practitioners’ SR. Among other things, their attitude
regarding parenthood is less positive if they believe that these parents do not have access to services
that actually support them. They feel they do not have the adequate knowledge to put forward
appropriate interventions. Moreover, the effectiveness of collaborative practice with the partners
involved is altered by the difficulties encountered in teamwork due to the absence of practice
guidelines and to role ambiguity. Furthermore, parents’ SR are different according to their situation.
In other words, for the participants who have the custody of their child or children, parenthood
symbolizes the access to a highly desired role that will prompt pride and determination. However,
their wish to be treated as adults, free to make their own decisions, doesn’t contradict their willingness
to receive services that can help them improve their parental abilities and to better support the
academic and social success of their child. Regarding the participants whose parenthood is
experienced through the placement of their child or children by legal authorities, their representations
are altered by suffering and feelings of injustice, and disqualification. This arises from their
interactions with child welfare professionals and individuals close to them. However, within this
group, parents who received psychosocial support were able to develop a positive parental identity.
Finally, relevant recommendations that may contribute to the improvement of practice conditions and
services offered to such parents in Quebec are being addressed. Various options for future research
are proposed in the conclusion of the thesis.
Key words : parenthood, intellectual disabilities, social representations, attitudes, family support,
professionals, collaborative practice.