Abstract
From 2002 to 2010, ISO sought to achieve consensus at an international scale on a
standard for the social responsibility of organizations (SRO): ISO 26000. To do so, ISO
set up an organization within which a multitude of powerful, diverse, and often
antagonistic actors had to arrive at a consensus on subjects as controversial as child
labour, pollution, and corruption. Naturally, the ability of such an organization to
function did not fail to leave the researchers who took an interest in it skeptical.
Nevertheless, against all expectations, ISO reached a global consensus on SRO,
concretized in the publication of ISO 26000 on November 1st, 2010. How can we explain
the success of ISO in this initiative? In this thesis, we are interested in the organizational
factors that enabled such a consensus to be reached. The organization set up by ISO
indeed constitutes a striking example of a “pluralistic organization,” that is to say, of an
organization in which actors with different values coexist, power is diffuse, and
objectives are divergent.
Our first article is a literature review of pluralistic organizations in management. Many
concepts describing structures that promote collaboration in pluralistic environments
have been developed in management over the past 30 years. Yet the study of pluralistic
organizations has remained fragmented, even though, according to several authors, this
phenomenon is spreading. In this sense, this article’s contribution is unique: it specifies
the contours of this concept, connects and synthesizes thirty years of “silo” research on
pluralistic organizations, and describes challenges and new avenues of research in the
hopes of stimulating scientific dialogue on this subject of study.
In particular, this first article reveals a marked consensus on the idea that actors’
participation in pluralistic organizations constitutes at once a management problem and a
theoretical enigma. Faced with this observation, the second article, published in the
Journal for Business, Economics and Ethics, hybridizes new institutionalism and political
theories to understand and analyze on the basis of qualitative data the manner in which
ISO secured the participation of key actors in the field of international governance of