Nongeye kugusuhuza nshuti mukunzi wa Radio Salus

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Amadini yavutse ku isi ni menshi. Ugasanga kandi hafi ya yose yemeza ko hari
imana asenga, imana igira neza, itanga amahoro. Nyamara iyo turebye mu
mateka, dusanga hari ahagiye hagaragara intambara zitandukanye, zishingiye ku
kwemera kw’impande zitandukanye. Ni muri urwo rwego rero hanabaye
intambara mu myaka yashize ya kera, zahuzaga abakristu n’abayisiramu. Ziswe
Croisades.
Bivugwa ko rero izi croisades zatangiye ahagana mu myaka ya 1095 kugeza mu
1291, kuva kuri Concile ya Clermont, Concile ni ya nama nkuru y’abagatolika
itumizwa na Papa kugira no higwe ku kibazo runaka cyangwa hagirwe
igihindurwa mu mahame ya Kiliziya, iyo rero ikaba yari yabereye i Clermont,
kugeza aho ubutaka butagatifu ndavuga nyine Yeruzalemu ifatiwe
n’abayisiramu. Muri make, ngo intambara zose zagiye ziba zitumijwe na Papa
mu rwego rwo kurwanya abantu bose bigomekaga kuri Kiliziya ndetse
bagashaka kuzana ibitekerezo bitandukanye n’umurogno Kiliziya
yagenderagamo. Nguko uko rero hagiye habaho za croisades nyinshi, ukumva
ngo croisade ya mbere, iya kabiri, iya gatatu gutyo gutyo.
Ijambo Croisade rero ngo ryadutse nyuma cyane y’aho izi ntamabra zitangiriye.
Ubundi ngo ziriya ntambara bazitaga « iter hierosolumitanum » bivuga ingendo
i Yeruzalemu, cyangwa na none Peregrinato » bivuga nyine pelerinage cyangwa
urugendo rutagatifu, ubundi ukumva ngo ni « Auxilium terre sancte » bivuga
inkunga ku butaka butagatifu, n’andi menshi. Birumvikana rero ko icyitwa
croisade ya mbere atari ko cyitwaga kuko icyo gihe ijambo croisade ryari
ritarakoreshwa. Ubwa mbere ryakoreshejwe akaba ari mu kinyejana cya 12 ni
ukuvuga hashize iknyejana cyose ziriya ntambara ziba.
Ngo impamvu nyamukuru rero yatumye ziriya ntambara za Croisades zibaho, ni
ukubohoza ubutaka butagatifu bw’i Yeruzalemu, ahavugwaga nyine ko hari
imva ya Yezu. Hakaba rero hari harafashwe n’abayisiramu. Nyamara abaristu
bakaba barakundaga kuhakorera urugendo rutagatifu, bakigerera ku mva ya
Yesu, maze bakigerera no ku musaraba nyawo yabambweho. Kuhamburwa rero
ntibabikozwaga.
Mu mwaka wa 638 nibwo hafashwe n’abayisiramu. Icyo gihe bahafata, ngo
ntacyo byatwaye ku ngendo ntagatifu zahaberaga kuko batigeze bazibuza na
busa. Icyo gihe ni nabwo hadutse ko izo ngendo ntagatifu zihanagura n’ibyaha

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umuntu yakoze. Ubwo ngo hari mu kinyejana cya cumi. Ahagana mu mwaka
w’1009, nibwo KALIFE AL-HAKIM asenyesheje ahari imva ya Yezu, icyo
gihe nyine hari harubatswe ngo abantu bahasure. Icyakora ntibyateza
akaduruvayo cyane, kuko nyuma ye, Kalife wakurikiyeho yahise yemera ko
abakristu bongera bakahubaka. Mu mwaka wa 1033, ubwo hari hashize
ikinyagihumbi Yesu apfuye, ngo abakora ziriya ngendo ntagatifu noneho
bariyongereye bikabije. Icyo gihe i Yeruzalemu hubakwa za kiliziya nyinshi
cyane. Nibwo noneho abayisiramu b’abanyaturc batangiye kuzajya batega ibico
abaje muri izo ngendo, bakabambura ndetse bakanabica.
Tuagarutse inyuma gato na none, ngo kuva mu kinyejana cya IV Kiliziya
Gatolika yatangiye kwigisha intambara nyakuri cyangwa ibereye. Mu gifaransa
ni Guerre juste. Noneho bigeze mu kinyejana cya IX, abapapa batangira
gushyiraho ingabo ziswe iza Kristu. Zikaba zari zishinzwe kurinda Roma kuko
icyo gihe yari yugarijwe n’abashakaga kuyigarurira badafite ukwemera kwa
kigatolika, barimo nk’abitwaga abasarrasins. Ngo ndetse byageze n’aho
abarwanye bagapfira ku rugamba bahabwaga absolubtion bakababarirwa ibyaha
byabo, iyo babaga bapfuye barwanya Abasarrasins barwanira abakristu. Icyo
gihe rwose byarigishijwe cyane ko abakristu bagomba kurwanirira ukwemera
kwabo bakarwanya abaSarrasins kugera ku mipaka ya Espagne aho bano
baSarrasins babaga bakomoka. NK’uko twabisomye kuri site ya internet ya
wikipedia, ngo mu mwaka wa 1063, nibwo Papa yigishaga ko abadashaka
abakristu bose bagomba kurwanywa aho bava bakagera,ko rwose kumena
amaraso y’abapagani nta cyaha kirimo. Icyo gihe kurwana iriya ntambara ngo
bikagereranywa nko gukora rwa rugendo rutagatifu i Yeruzalemu ukababarirwa
ibyaha.
Icyo gihe abatuye i BUrayi bw’i Burengerazuba bafataga ab’iBurasirazuba
barimo nka empire Byzantin nk’abantu b’abanebwe b’ibigwari b’abakire kandi
b’inyaryenge. Bagafata na none abayisiramu nk’abantu b‘abapagani basenga
imana zitari zo. Ab’i Byzance nabo bagafata bariya b’iBUrengerazuba
nk’abantu b’indwanyi za cyane. Nibwo nyuma y’aho umwami wa Byzance
aterewe n’abaTurcs bitwaga aba seldjoukides, asabiye ab’iburengerazuba
kumutabara. Icyari kigamijwe cyane hano kwari ukumutabara nk’umwami kuko
igihugu cye cyari gitewe. Icyo gihe Papa we yahise yerekana ko bariya bantu

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bateye kandi bateye ubutaka bw’abakristu. Hagombaga rero intambara umuntu
yakita ntagatifu. Ibyo byose byabereye muri concile ya Plaisance. Concile ni ya
nama nkuru ya Kiliziya Gatolika itumizwa na Papa hari mu mwaka wa 1095 mu
kwezi kwa Kamena.
Ngo itera ry’abaturcs rero muri empire Byzantin ngo ryateje ibyago byinshi mu
bakristu kuko bibwe, bakicwa, mbese bagahangayika. Icyo gihe na siriya nayo
yari yaratewe, ariko ho kubera ko bari bamaze iminsi harafashwe n’abandi
bayisiramu, ngo ab’abaturcs bo baje boroheje kurusha abari bahari mbere. Bityo
rero, abakristu bo muri Siriya ntibigera basaba inkunga yo kubarwanirira.
Hashize amezi atandatu nyuma ya ya Konsile y’ i Plaisance, papa Urbain wa II
atumiza indi Concile mu mwaka w’1095 i Clermont. Iyo Concile yari
yateraniyemo abasenyeri bose b’abafaransa. Icyo gihe muri iyo Concile
hasohokamo itegeko ritegeka abagiye kurwana Penetensiya kugira ngo bakizwe
ibyaha aho kuba nk’uko byari bisanzwe bivugwa ko ugiye ku rugamba wese
ahita akurirwaho ibyaha byose yari afite. Mu gusoza iyo Concile, Papa Urbain
wa II ahamagarira abakristu bose aho bari gufata intwaro bakajya ku rugamba.
Ab’i Burengerazuba bw’u Burayi nabo, abasaba kureka ibyo guhangana barimo
maze bakishyira hamwe bakajya kurwanya abapagani bakabohora abakristu b’i
Burasirazuba i Byzance. Papa aba atangaje intambara, ahagurutsa abaturage
atanyuze ku mwami n’umwe. Abaturage bose nabo ngo icyo gihe barasubizaga
bati « Imana irabishaka ». Icyo gihe abagiye ku rugamba, bagafata umusaraba
nk’ikimenyetso , ni ukuvuga bikaba nk’indahiro yo kujya i Yerusalemu. Uwo
musaraba rero wabaga ukoze mu gitambaro cy’itissi y’umutuku, kikaba
ikimenyetso cyo guhara ibyo umuntu yari akunze, noneho akiyemeza kujya mu
muryango w’abakora urugendo rutagatifu rujya i Yeruzalemu bafite intwaro.
Ababaga bambaye uriya musaraba rero ngo babitaga mu kilatini cruci signati.
Abaturage bari bishimiye cyane rero kujya mu ntambara, ku buryo ngo hafi ya
bose bashakaga kujyayo. Nibwo Papa Urbain wa II ashatse kugabanya
amashagaga yabo. Avuga ko abazajya ku ntambara ari abihayimana ndavuga
nyine ari abapadiri, bazabanza gutegereza uruhushya rw’ababakuriye mbere yo
kugenda. Naho abagabo bashatse, nabo bakajya ku rugamba ari uko abagore
babo babyemeye, abarayiki bo ngo bagomba gutegereza uruhushya
rw’umupadiri. Mbese buri wese yahawe uwo agomba kubanza kwaka uruhushya

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kugira ngo abone kujya ku rugamba. Nyamara na none, ngo uwabaga yamaze
kurahirira kugenda, ntiyabaga agishoboye kubireka, kuko iyo yarengagaho
akabireka, yahitaga yirukanwa muri Kiliziya akamburwa n’amasakaramentu ibi
nyine byitwa excomunication. Icyo gihe Urbain wa II yamaze hafi umwaka
wose mu Bufaransa agenda yigisha hose ko bakwiye kujya kurwana intambara
nakwita ntagatifu. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1096, ngo abasirikali bari bamaze
gukusanywa barengaga kure abari bitezwe. Itariki yo gutangira urugendo
rwerekeza urugamba ishyirwa ku ya 15 Kanama 1096. Bagenda ubwo, bizeye
ko nibapfa bari bube bakoreye Imana, ariko ko na none nibaramuka batsinze
intambara, Empire Byzantin izabagororera. Bari bizeye byinshi.
Abakristu icyo gihe bajya gutera rero ngo bari bafite amahirwe menshi yo
gutsinda. Kiriya gihe abayisiramu ngo bari bagabanijemo ibice byinshi.
Nk’abategekaga Misiri bitwaga abafatimides, ni nabo bayoboraga igice kinini
cya Palestine. Hakaba n’abandi bitwaga aba Seldjoukides , aba bo bari abaturcs
b’abasunnites binjiye muri Islam mu kinyejana cya IX. Aba ni nabo baje
gukuraho abaAbbassides i Bagdad. Aba nabo baje kwigabanyamo ibice byinshi
kandi nabyo byahoraga bihanganye. Igice cyaganzaga ibindi byose rero kikaba
ari icyitwaga Roum. Icyo gihe Siriya nayo ikaba yari igabanijemo ibice
birimo nka Alep, Damas, Tripoli, Apamée na Shaizar.
Benshi btangiye gukeka ko ari imperuka. Bajya kurwana bakagenda bazi ko
batazagaruka. Abakorerabushake benshi nabo batangira kugenda babwiriza
bigisha abaturage kwitabira iriya ntambara. Muri bo hakaba harimo uwitwaga
Pierre l'Ermite. Uyu yazengurutse uduce twinshi nka za Berry, Orléan,
Champagne, Lorraine na Rhénanie, kugeza ubwo abasha kuzana abantu bagera
ku bihumbi cumi na bitanu, kugeza ku itariki ya 12 Mata 1096, ubwo ingabo za
mbere zinjiraga i Constantinople zigatangira kurwana ziyobowe n’uitwaga
Gautier Sans Avoir.
Abari bagiye i Rhenanie, ubu hasigaye ari mu budage, bibasira cyane cyane
abayahudi abanze guhindura ukwemera kwabo barabica. Ngo kwanga kubatizwa
kuri bariya baturage barwanaga intambara byabaga arink’igitutsi ku Mana,
icyaha bafataga ko gishobora no gukururira imbaga y’abantu ibyago bikomeye
biturutse ku mujinya w’Imana. N’ubwo bari basanzwe bahatuye igihe kinini,

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abayahudi bahise bahindurwa abagome, abishe Yesu, bagomba guhanwa mbere
yo kubohoza ubutaka butagatifu. Barishwe rero, abandi barahohterwa,
baranyagwa. Ngo haba harapfiriye abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi 15. Ngo
byabaga ngombwa ko nk’abasenyeri bakora iyo bwabaga kugira ngo babashe
kurengera abayahudi batuye mu gace bashinzwe. Ibyo ariko abaturage
ntibabikowaga barakomezaga bakica abayahudi. Ngo byageze n’aho Papa ubwe
yamagana ibyo bikorwa bibi, nyamara ababikoraga bo babaga bizera ko ibyo
bakora atari icyaha, bigeza n’aho umwe mu basenyeri yifatira abarwanaga maze
ubwe akamwiyicira. Bumvaga bakorera ijuru, nyamara bica imbaga irengana.
Yari croisade populaire cyangwa se coisade irwanywe n’abaturage.
Dore rero muri make uko urugendo berekeza i Yeruzalemu rwagenze.
Hagombaga kugenda ingabo zirimo ibice bine zose kandi zikagendera ku itariki
imw, izwi. Igice cya mbere cyagombaga guhagurukira mu majyaruguru
y’Ubufaransa no muri Basse-Lorraine ziyobowe n’uwitwaga Godefroi de
Bouillon bagaca ku muhanda werekeza ku ruzi rwa Danube. Igice cya kabiri
cyagombaga guturuka u Bufaransa bwo hagati kiyobowe na Raymond de Saint
Gille ndetse na Adhemar de Monteil, cyagombaga guca kuri Lombardie na
Dalmatie n’amajyaruguru y’Ubugereki. Icya gatatu kigaca mu Butariyani
bw’amajyepfo kiyobowe n’uwitwaga Bohemond cyo cyagombaga guca mu
nyanja kikagera ahitwaga Durazzo. Naho icya kane cyo cyagombaga kuva mu
Bufaransa rwagati kiyobowe na Etienne de Blois na Robert kigaca I Roma.
Igice cya mbere rero cyageze i Constantinople ubwo ba baturage biyemeje
kurwana intambara ntagatifu badogeje ibintu ku buryo bari batangiye no kwica
n’abakristu. Ngo uko inagabo zagendaga zihagera rero, niko n’amarorerwa
yarushagaho kuba menshi. Bica, basahura.
Umwami Alexis wa I Commene wayoboraga BYzance ashaka ko ziriya ngabo
zibanza kurahirira imbere zikemera ko ari we wenyine zizakorera kandi
zikamwumvira. Ngo yashakaga ko Empire Byzantin isubirana ubutaka bwose
yari ifite mbere y’uko iterwa n’abaturcs. Benshi bahise babyemera. Bafata NIcée
isubizwa Abanyabyzance. Bafata uturere twinshi twarimo nka Anatolie, Taurie,
Cilicie, kugera ndetse n’aho bagereye ku miryango ya Antiyokiya hari ku itariki