Plaquette amphibiens 1208.85 ko | PDF

S5*-G,8>?.;=.-.<*6912+2.7<.=-.<;.9=25.<
<>;5.<<2=.<->
87<.;?*=82;.-W.<9*,.<7*=>;.5<-.#2,*;-2.

5.<=*,=>.55.6.7=;.,.7<G>7.:>27C*27.-W.<9H,.<-W*6912+2.7<.=
6827<-W>7.-2C*27.-.;.9=25.<.7#2,*;-2.&8>?.7=?>57G;*+5.<.=
=8><9;8=G0G<9*;5*825.<*6912+2.7<.=5.<;.9=25.<,87<=2=>.7=
>738B*>->9*=;26827.7*=>;.5-.78=;.;G0287:>W25,87?2.7=-.
9;G<.;?.;#*;5.>;<.A20.7,.<+285802:>.<5.<*6912+2.7<.=5.<
;.9=25.< <87= -. +87< 27-2,*=.>;< -. U5WG=*= -. <*7=GV -.< 6252.>A
7*=>;.5<(7=2.;<-.<*6912+2.7<<.;*2.7=6.7*,G<-.-2<9*;2=287-*7<5.687-.9*;
5* -2<9*;2=287 -. 5.>;< 1*+2=*=< 5* 9855>=287 5.< ,1*70.6.7=< ,526*=2:>.< .= 5.<
6*5*-2.<7#2,*;-2.5.<6.7*,.<:>29H<.7=<>;5.<;.9=25.<.=5.<*6912+2.7<<87=
6>5=295.<*<<H,1.6.7=-.<C87.<1>62-.<9855>=287-.<6252.>A*:>*=2:>.<*+*7-87
->9*<=8;*52<6.,869G=2=287*?.,-.<.<9H,.<.A8=2:>.<27=;8->2=.<
. 786+;.>A <2=.< 0G;G< 9*; 5. 87<.;?*=82;. -W.<9*,.< 7*=>;.5< -. #2,*;-2.
1G+.;0.7=-.<*6912+2.7<8>-.<;.9=25.<.;=*27<-.,.<<2=.<<87=8>?.;=<*>
9>+52,.=*6G7*0G<*?.,>7<.7=2.;8>-.<9*77.*>A-W27/8;6*=287$>.5:>.<82=5.
<2=. ,87,.;7G 7W8>+52.C 9*< -. ;.<9.,=.; 5.< <.7=2.;< .= 5.<
,87<207.<:>2?8><<87=-877G.<"+<.;?.C5*/*>7.*-62;.C
5*/58;.6*2<7.5.<9.;=>;+.C9*< #;8/2=.C-.5*
7*=>;. .= <2 ?8>< ?8>5.C .7 <*?82; 95><
*-1G;.C *> 87<.;?*=82;. .=
9*;=2,29.CD78<*,=287<
87-,*;=80;*912:>.*;=1*0.P%'"PQ!#*;2<
(7287.>;89G.77.&".&8;27.*7-8?.;

.< *6912+2.7< <. ;G9*;=2<<.7= .7 -.>A 0;8>9.< /*,25.< D
-2<=270>.; .< 78>;.< <87= 5.< 0;.78>255.< ,;*9*>-<
,*;*,=G;2<G< 9*; 5*+<.7,. -. :>.>. D 5G=*= *->5=. = 5.<
(;8-H5.<=;2=87< <*5*6*7-;.<:>2 ,87<.;?.7=>7. :>.>.
/87,=2877.55.*9;H<5.9*<<*0.D5WG=*=*->5=.5<87=+.<827-W.*>
98>; <. ;.9;8->2;.1*:>. *77G. .7=;. /G?;2.; .= *?;25 5.<
*6912+2.7<:>2==.7=5.<+82<8>5.<9;*2;2.<8M25<87=9*<<G5W12?.;
98>;;.0*07.;5.<C87.<1>62-.<.=*<<>;.;5*;.9;8->,=287
.==.620;*=2879.>=<.;G?.5.;.A=;I6.6.7=9G;255.><.58;<:>.5.<
*726*>A =;*?.;<.7= -.< C87.< >;+*72<G.< .= -.< *A.< -.
,2;,>5*=287 . 786+;.><.< *,=287< -. <*>?.0*;-. <87=
.7=;.9;2<.<98>;5262=.;5.<9.;=.<<>;5.<;8>=.<+*=;*,18->,<-2<98<2=2/<-.;.=.7>.
W.<=58;<-.,.==.620;*=2879>2<->;*7=5*9G;28-.-.
;.9;8->,=287:>.5.<*6912+2.7<<87=/*,25.<D8+<.;?.;
.;=*27.<.<9H,.<9*<<.7=5W.<<.7=2.5-.5W*77G..76252.>
*:>*=2:>.0;.78>255.<?.;=.<&877.>;.=-W*>=;.<<87=
95>=L==.;;.<=;.<.7-.18;<-.5*9G;28-.-.;.9;8->,=287
&*5*6*7-;.;.78>255.;8><<.
.< ;.9=25.< -. #2,*;-2. ,869=.7=  0;8>9.<  5.<
&.;9.7=.< 5.< <.;9.7=<
,*;*,=G;2<G< 9*; 5.>; ,8;9< 5870 .= <*7< 6.6+;. 5.<
&*>;2.7< 5.< 5GC*;-<
,*;*,=G;2<G<9*;5.>;<9*==.<.=5.>;5870>.:>.>..A,.9=G98>;5W";?.=.=5.<
1.5872.7< 5.< =8;=>.< ,*;*,=G;2<G.< 9*; 5.>; ,*;*9*,.  >7. <.>5. .<9H,. 
27=;8->2=.G=*7=;G9.;=8;2G..7#2,*;-2..;=*27<;.9=25.<8;87.55.52<<.GC*;-
?.;=?2?.7=-*7<-.<6252.>A<.,<.=.7<85.255G<W*>=;.<8>5.>?;.D,8552.;
GC*;-?2?29*;.?2?.7=.76252.>1>62-.8>*:>*=2:>.
Accouplement
et ponte
de centaines d’œufs
Les tétards se développent
dans les œufs puis en sortent
pour vivre dans l’eau
Les tétards sont noirs. Ils ont une grosse
tête et une grande queue pour se
déplacer dans l’eau
Peu à peu, le têtard change de couleur
et des pattes postérieures apparaissent
La queue disparaît
et c’est le début de
la respiration par les poumons
La grenouille têtard devient
une grenouille adulte
Exemple : le cycle de vie
de la grenouille
1*:>.*77G.*>9;27=.69<5W89G;*=287U;G:>.7,.0;.78>255.V6.7G.
9*;5*G-G;*=287-.<87<.;?*=82;.<-W.<9*,.<7*=>;.5<.=%G<.;?.<
!*=>;.55.<-.;*7,.9;898<.*>9>+52,-.786+;.><.<*726*=287<.=
<8;=2.<-W8+<.;?*=287@@@.7/,87<.;?*=82;.<8;0

.<*6912+2.7<
W5B=.*,,8>,1.>; 5B=.<8+<=;.=;2,*7<
D,6 252.>A.7<85.255G<.=98>;?><-W*+;2<G+8>52<,*;;2H;.<?2.>A6>;<95*0.<-.
0;*?2.;<8>-.<*+5.9.58><.<9;*2;2.<.=95*7<-W.*>9.>9;8/87-<W5B=.G6.=>7<87/5N=GD27=.;?*55.;G0>52.;/*,25.6.7=
;.,877*2<<*+5.U=28>V;2<E=;.D+;>7E=;.2598<<H-.-.<9>9255.<?.;=2,*5.<6*2<9*<-.05*7-.<9*;8=8K-.<>;*7=5*987=.5.6E5.
6*<<.5W*+-86.7-.<*,869*07.-W8M<877869>2<=;*7<98;=.-.<,1*9.5.=<-WT>/<3*>7.<<>;<87-8<->;*7=5WG=G
.;*9*>-,*5*62=. >/8,*5*62=*
D,6,1.C5.6E5.RD,6,1.C5*/.6.55. 252.>A8>?.;=<.7<85.255G<D?G0G=*=287
+*<<.R->7.<,*;;2H;.<=.;;25<9.58><.<.=95*7<-W.*>=.698;*2;.<+2.7.7<85.255G<RC87.<2787-*+5.<8;72H;.</5*:>.<6*;.<
9*77.<->7*2;.<;2<E=;.+;>7E=;.8>?.;-E=;.5.;*9*>-,*5*62=.<.-2<=270>.9*;>7.5207.3*>7.<>;5.-8<.==..<9H,..<=
:>*<26.7*,G..7#2,*;-2.
.;*9*>-,866>7 >/8+>/8
D,6,1.C5.6E5.RD,6,1.C5*/.6.55. 252.>A/;*2<.=+82<G<.==8><=B9.<-.6252.>AD.*>A
<=*07*7=.<5*,<G=*70<6*;.<=8>;+2H;.<.;*9*>-,866>79;G<.7=.-.<9>9255.<18;2C87=*5.<.=-.5*;0.<05*7-.<9*;8=8K-.<
&*9.*>=;H<0;*7>5.><..<=-.,8>5.>;0;2<E=;.+;>7E=;.8>?.;-E=;.
*;.78>255.*025. %*7*-*56*=27*
D,682<.6.7=<.=/8>;;G<1>62-.<-.95*27..=9;G<.7=-*7<-2?.;<.<92H,.<-.*>
98>;?>:>.55.<<82.7=-G98>;?>.<-.982<<87<858;*=287->-.<<><+;>7;8><<E=;.8>0;2<E=;..-.<<8><.<=*<<.C,5*2;-.+5*7,
7*,;GD;8<G ><.*>-.9;8/255870.=9;8G627.7==B69*7-2<=27,=.=0;*7-9.*>52<<.
*;.78>255.;8><<. %*7*=.698;*;2*
/.6.55.95><0;*7-.:>.5.<6E5.<D,66*A26>6&8>?.7==.;;.<=;..7-.18;<-.5*9G;28-.
-.;.9;8->,=287.=.*>A<=*07*7=.<8>5G0H;.6.7=,8>;*7=.<5G0H;.6.7=<*527.<D/;*7,1.6.7=*,2-.<*;.78>255.;8><<.9;G<.7=.
>7.=E,1.=.698;*5.=;2*70>5*2;.+;>7/87,G.7/8;6.-.6*<:>.;.,8>?;*7=5.=B69*7&*9.*>.<=+;>7.8>;8><<.6*2<3*6*2<?.;=.
.<;.952<*5=G;8-8;<*>A<87=+2.7?2<2+5.<7879*;*55H5.<.=<.;*99;8,1.7=*>6252.>->-8<5.6><.*>.<=,8>;=.=*;;87-2*>9;8/25
+><:>G-2//G;.7,.<*?.,;.78>255.*025.
;.78>255.<?.;=.<95><2.>;<.<9H,.<9;8,1.<;.78>255.?.;=. #.5891B5*A45.<,>5.7=* ;.78>255.-..<<87* #.5891B5*A5.<<87*.
;.78>255.;2.><. #.5891B5*A;2-2+>7-><
/.6.55.<95><0;*7-.<:>.5.<6E5.<D,6,698>;5*;.78>255.-..<<87*.
<87=-.<.<9H,.<9*;=2,>52H;.6.7=*6912+2.<*;0.9*5.==.-.6252.>A*:>*=2:>.<;2?2H;.<95*7<-.*>6*;.<0G7G;*5.6.7=.7<85.255G<
.>;,858;*=287?*;2.-./*F872698;=*7=..=25.A2<=.95><2.>;<1B+;2-.<795><-.5.>;,8>5.>;5.<0;.78>255.<?.;=.<<.-2<=270>.7=
-.<0;.78>255.<;8><<.<78=*66.7=9*;5*+<.7,.-.=E,1.=.698;*5..=5*9;G<.7,.-.<*,<?8,*>A.A=.;7.<
.#G58-B=.987,=>G #.58-B=.<9>7,=*=><
D,6 252.>A8>?.;=<D?G0G=*=287,5*2;<.6G.R9;*2;2.<1>62-.<52<2H;.<.=9;G/G;.7,.
98>;5.<92H,.<-W.*>=.698;*2;.<+2.7.7<85.255G.<R9;*2;2.<1>62-.<8;72H;.</8<<G<9*77.<->7*2;.<&*9.*>0;2<E=;.+;>7E=;.
8>?.;-E=;..<=987,=>G.-.U?.;;>.<V?.;-E=;.<.=<87,1*7=0;27F*7=;*99.55.5./;8==.6.7=-.-.>A+8>5.<-.9G=*7:>.<W.<=>7.
.<9H,.?>57G;*+5..7#2,*;-2.
*%*27.==.?.;=. B5**;+8;.*
D,6 252.>A1.;+*,G<8>*;+8;G<R/8>;;G<1*2.<5*7-.<9*77.<->7*2;.<.=.*>A<=*07*7=.<
.7<85.255G.<;2,1.<.7?G0G=*=287<*:>*=2:>.<RG=*70<6*;.<9*77.<->7*2;.<;8<.52H;.</8<<G<&*,8>5.>;?.;=9866.9.;6.=-.
5*;.,877*J=;./*,25.6.7=*%*27.==.?.;=..<=>7..<9H,.?>57G;*+5..7#2,*;-2.
*&*5*6*7-;.=*,1.=G. &*5*6*7-;*<*5*6*7-;*
D,6#;27,29*5.6.7=-*7<5.+8,*0..=-*7<5.<+82<.6.7=<-./.>255><8>62A=.<
*>?*2<.7*0.><.,.==..<9H,..<<.7=2.55.6.7==.;;.<=;.7.<.;.7,87=;..76252.>*:>*=2:>.:>.98>;52+G;.;5.<5*;?.<55.G?2=.5.<
<.,=.>;<2787-*+5.<55..<=/*,25.6.7=2-.7=2/2*+5.9*;<*,858;*=287782;.=*,1.=G.8>5207G.-.3*>7.5.95><<8>?.7=;*;.6.7=-.
;8>0.E=;.-8;*70.8>-.;8<.<*>687G&87*<9.,=.<=9;8,1.-W>75GC*;-<*9.*>.<=52<<..=.55.98<<H-.>7.:>.>.,B527-;2:>.
.&877.>;D?.7=;.3*>7. 86+27*?*;2.0*=*
-.,698>;5.6E5.D,6,1.C5*/.6.55. 8<*K:>.-.6252.>A8>?.;=<.=-.
+82<.6.7=<*?.,98,1.<-.*>-.=;H</*2+5.<>;/*,.=.5<8;72H;.</8;.<=2H;.<9.=2=</8<<G<<8>;,.<82<.6.7=<-.95*=.*>A6*;7.>A
1>62-.<-*7<5.<>--.52<7.858;*=287=.;;.><.95>=L=>72/8;6.<>;5.-.<<><*,.27/G;2.>;.+20*;;G.-.3*>7.8;*70G<>;/87-
782;,.7-;G8>+5.>7>2=W*<9.,=.<=9;8,1.->,;*9*>-,866>7?>->-.<<><.-.<<8><,858;G.<=,*;*,=G;2<=2:>..=7.9.>=I=;.
,87/87->*?.,*>,>7*>=;.*6912+2.7 .7*,.2698;=*7=.98>;5.<9H,..7#2,*;-2.,*;.55..<=>72:>.6.7=58,*52<G.-*7<5.<>--.
52<7.*?.,-.<989>5*=287<-./*2+5.<.//.,=2/<.=6.7*,G.9*;5.A9582=*=28727=.7<2?.-.</8;I=<
.';2=87*59.<=;. ,1=1B8<*>;**59.<=;2<
D,6/.6.55.<95><0;*7-.<:>.5.<6E5.<>;*7=5*;.9;8->,=28795*7<-.*>9*>?;.<
.7982<<87<.7?2;877G<-.?G0G=*=287*;+8;G..=/*,25.<-*,,H<.6E5..<=+5.>=G<>;5.-8<*?.,->+5*7,987,=>G-.782;<>;5.<
/5*7,<.-8<-.5*/.6.55..<=6*;+;G-.0;2<?.;=<>;/87-+;>7E=;.*,.27/G;2.>;.8;*70.?2/<8>?.7=<*7<=E,1.79G;28-.7>9=2*5.
5.6E5.9;G<.7=.>7.9.=2=.,;I=.-8;<*5.D+8;--;82=+5*7,1..=+*;;G.-.782;&.<8;=.25<<87=-G98>;?><-.9*56>;.<
.';2=87,;I=G ';2=>;><,;2<=*=><
D,6/.6.55.<95><0;*7-.<:>.5.<6E5.<>;*7=5*;.9;8->,=2879827=<-.*><=*07*7=.
<*7<982<<87<<8>?.7=*<<.CG=.7-><!G,.<<2=G-.C87.<-.+82<.6.7=<-.1*2.<8>-./8>;;G<D9;8A262=G266G-2*=.W.<=>7.
.<9H,.=B92:>.->+8,*0..=-.<9*77.<->7*2;.<.-8<.<=+;>7782;<8>?.7=987,=>G-.<86+;.*?.,-.<0;*7>5*=287<+5*7,1E=;.<
<>;5.</5*7,<*/*,.27/G;2.>;.3*>7..<=/8;=.6.7=987,=>G.-.782;79G;28-.7>9=2*5.2598<<H-.>7.,;I=.-8;<*5.1*>=.D+8;-
-.7=.5G&.<8;=.25<<87=-G98>;?><-.9*56>;.<
.';2=879*56G 2<<8=;2=871.5?.=2,><
D,6/.6.55.<95><0;*7-.<:>.5.<6E5.<>;*7=5*;.9;8->,=2875*;0.0*66.-.6252.>A
*:>*=2:>.<<=*07*7=<8>D,8>;*7=5.7=!G,.<<2=G->7,8>?.;=+82<GD9;8A262=G5*99;G,2.9.>5*9;G<.7,.-.982<<87<.-8<
3*>7E=;.?.;-E=;.+;>7E=;.8>782;E=;..<=<8>?.7==*,1.=G-.<86+;.,1.C5.6E5..=95>=L=>72/8;6.,1.C5*/.6.55..?.7=;..<=-.
=.27=.3*>7E=;..6E5.<.-2<=270>.-.<*>=;.<=;2=87<9*;<*,;I=.-8;<*5.+*<<..=-.<9*56>;.<,8695H=.<.=782;E=;.<*>A8;=.25<
G0*5.6.7=9*;>75870/25*6.7=,*>-*5782;E=;.*08;0.-.,8>5.>;,1*2;.<=0G7G;*5.6.7=7879206.7=G.,1.C5.6E5..=5*/.6.55.
.';2=87987,=>G 2<<8=;2=87?>50*;2<
D,6>;*7=5*;.9;8->,=2870;*7-.-2?.;<2=G-.95*7<-.*>C87.<-.6*;*2<.=<.,=.>;<
;2,1.<.76*;.<.=G=*70<6*2<-.6.>;.<8>?.7=52G*>A6252.>A52==8;*>A.=*55>?2*>A.-8<0;2<E=;.+;>7E=;.8>3*>7E=;..<=987,=>G
-.782;,1.C5.6E5..=*<<.C>72/8;6.,1.C5*/.6.55..?.7=;..<=-.=.27=.8;*70G..==*,1G-.;87-<782;<,1.C5.6E5..=/27.6.7=
987,=>G-.<86+;.,1.C5*/.6.55..6E5.<.-2<=270>.9*;<*,;I=.-8;<*5.G5.?G.D+8;-/.<=877G.<8;=.25<98<<H-.7=-.<9*56>;.<
.7/8;6.-.58+.<1.C5.6E5..=5*/.6.55.5*08;0..<=-.,8>5.>;,1*2;.=9206.7=G.-.=E,1.<<86+;.<
.<;.9=25.<
*8;87.55.52<<. 8;87.55**><=;2*,*
D,6 252.>A7*=>;.5<,1*>-<.=<.,<5*7-.<9.58><.<<H,1.<52<2H;.<.=G+8>52<.
,8>5.>;6*;;87*?.,-.<68=2/</87,G<<>;5.-8<5*8;87.55.52<<.<.-2<=270>.-.<?29H;.<9*;<*9>9255.;87-.W.<9H,..<=?>57G;*+5.
.7#2,*;-2.
*8>5.>?;.D,8552.; !*=;2A7*=;2A
D,6#;G/G;.7,.98>;5.<52.>A1>62-.<6*;.<G=*70<5*,<;2?2H;.<5.7=.<8M.55.7*0.
?8587=2.;<.=95><;*;.6.7=.7=.;;*2795><<.,52<2H;.<5*7-.<6>;<-.92.;;.*8>5.>?;.D,8552.;<.-2<=270>.9*;-.<=E,1.<
,5*2;.</8;6*7=>7,8552.;D5W*;;2H;.-.<*=I=.&87,8;9<.<=?.;=0;2<8>6*;;87
*)29H;.9G52*-. )29.;*+.;><
D,6 252.>A8>?.;=<.7<85.255G<.=,1*>-<9.58><.<,*5,2,85.<5*7-.<<H,1.<.=5*7-.<
1>62-.<98>;?>.<:>.55.<<82.7=.7,87-2=287=1.;689125.55.9;G<.7=.>7C20*C0782;8>+;>7/87,G<>;/87-+;>7,5*2;0;2<<>;5.
-.<<><.=>7.=I=.=;2*70>5*2;.&87T25.<=D9>9255.?.;=2,*5.55..<=6.7*,G.9*;5*;*;G/*,=287-.<871*+2=*=.=.<=<8>?.7=?2,=26.
-.-.<=;>,=287-2;.,=.9*;6G,877*2<<*7,.
.GC*;-?.;= *,.;=*+2527.*=*
5GC*;--.0;*7-.=*255.3><:>.,6,1.C5.6E5. 252.>A8>?.;=<.7<85.255G<.=,1*>-<9.58><.<
,*5,2,85.<5*7-.<<H,1.<92.;;2.;<0;H<<252,.>A52<2H;.<-.+82<.=+>2<<87<.7,87-2=287=1.;689125.*08;0..<=+5.>.,1.C5.6E5.
.=5.;.<=.-.5*52?;G..<=-W>7?.;=>72/8;6.*/.6.55..<=-.,8>5.>;?*;2*+5.*?.,->?.;=-8627*7=.=->6*;;87
.GC*;--.<6>;*255.< #8-*;,2<6>;*52<
D,6#;H<-.<?82.</.;;G.<-.<?2.>A6>;<-.<6*2<87<-1*+2=*=2876*2<*//.,=2877.
5.<52.>A.7<85.255G<&87*<9.,=.<==;H<?*;2*+5.52?;G.0G7G;*5.-.6*;;87D6*;;87?.;=*?.,-.<9827=<.=-.<=E,1.</87,G.<5
<W*02=-W>79.=2=5GC*;--87=5*:>.>..<=95><5870>.:>.5.,8;9<5.<=*<<.C<.6+5*+5.*>GC*;-?2?29*;.
.GC*;-*025.GC*;--.<<8>,1.< *,.;=**0252<
,6D95><-.,698>;-.0;8<27-2?2->< 252.>A8>?.;=<.7<85.255G<.=
,1*>-<9.58><.<,*5,2,85.<.=5*7-.<<H,1.<52<2H;.<-.+82<.7,87-2=287=1.;689125..6E5..<=1*+2=>.55.6.7=?.;=,5*2;<>;5.<
/5*7,<*?.,>75*;0.=;*2=6*;;87.71*>=->-8<.</.6.55.<<87=-.,8>5.>;6*;;87*?.,5.</5*7,<95></87,G<.?.7=;..<=
+5*7,1E=;.?.;-E=;.8>3*>7.5<W*02=->-.>A2H6.95><0;*7-5GC*;--.78=;.;G0287*9;H<5.GC*;-?.;=
.GC*;-?2?29*;. *,.;=*?2?29*;*
D,6)G0G=*=287<1>62-.<=8>;+2H;.<6*;*2<*5,*527<+8;--G=*70<+82<.6.7=<1>62-.<
5*99;G,2.5.+82<68;=&87*<9.,=.<==;H<?*;2*+5.52?;G.0G7G;*5.-.6*;;87D6*;;87782;*?.,-.<9827=<.=-.<=E,1.</87,G.<
.-.<<8><->6E5..<=;8>0.8>8;*70.?2/W.<=>79.=2=5GC*;--87=5*:>.>..<=95><5870>.:>.5.,8;9<.=5.<9*==.<,8>;=.<5.<=
*<<.C<.6+5*+5.*>GC*;--.<6>;*255.<
W";?.= 70>2</;*0252<
,6*+2=*==;H<?*;2G+82<.6.7=<.=52<2H;.<1*2.<6252.>A;8,*255.>A5*7-.<.=6*;*2<5G0H;.6.7=
1>62-.D?G0G=*=287+*<<..=+;8><<*255.><.5.<=-.,8>5.>;+;>7.*?.,>7.+*7-.58702=>-27*5.782;.W.<=5.<.>55GC*;-<*7<9*==.<
->;89.257./*>=-W*255.>;<9*<5.,87/87-;.*?.,>7<.;9.7=R&*9.*>.<=52<<..=+;255*7=.
*'8;=>.-.58;2-. ';*,1.6B<<,;29=*.5.0*7<
D,68>;<-W.*>5.7=<6*;*2<.=G=*70<,*7*>A55..<=/*,25.6.7=2-.7=2/2*+5.
9*;<*,*;*9*,.?.;-E=;.5*9;G<.7,.-W>795*<=;873*>7..=-.5*;0.<=E,1.<;8>0.?2/.7*;;2H;.-.5WT255<W*02=-W>7..<9H,.27=;8->2=.
.=:>2.7;*7,..<=/8;=.6.7=.7,87,>;;.7,.*?.,5*2<=>-.-W>;89.5*2<=>-.7W.<=9*<9;G<.7=..7#2,*;-2.5.<=269G;*=2/-.
7.9*<;.5E,1.;-.=8;=>.<-.58;2-.-*7<5.6252.>7*=>;.5
#.=2=58<<*2;.
O5*7-.<9*;8=8K-.<05*7-.<D<G,;.=287.A=.;7.<2=>G.<<>;5.,8>5.<G9*>5.<8>5.-8<-.,.;=*27<*6912+2.7<55.<52+H;.7=
>7.<>+<=*7,.7.>;8=8A2:>.,.7<G.-2<<>*-.;5.<9;G-*=.>;<
O 252.>A8>?.;=<9*;8998<2=287*>A6252.>A/.;6G<25<W*02=-.?G0G=*=287<1.;+*,G.<;*<.<8>9.>.6+;8><<*255G.<.=/*?8;*+5.<
*>A.<9H,.<:>2;.,1.;,1.7=5*5>62H;..=5*,1*5.>;
O'.698;*5. <2=>G.*>72?.*>-.5*=.69.
O*=G;8-8;<*>A <2=>G<<>;5.,L=G->-8<
O&*,<?8,*>A.A=.7<287-.5*9.*>9.;6.==*7=>7.*6952/2,*=287->,1*7=-.<6E5.<-.,.;=*27<*6912+2.7<.<87G62<*98>;
+>=-W*==2;.;>7.9*;=.7*2;.98>;5*;.9;8->,=287.>;9;G<.7,.9.;6.=-87,-.-G=.;627.;/*,25.6.7=5.<.A.
O'1.;689125. :>2*99;G,2.5*,1*5.>;.=5W.7<85.255.6.7=

.<*6912+2.7<
W5B=.*,,8>,1.>; 5B=.<8+<=;.=;2,*7<
D,6 252.>A.7<85.255G<.=98>;?><-W*+;2<G+8>52<,*;;2H;.<?2.>A6>;<95*0.<-.
0;*?2.;<8>-.<*+5.9.58><.<9;*2;2.<.=95*7<-W.*>9.>9;8/87-<W5B=.G6.=>7<87/5N=GD27=.;?*55.;G0>52.;/*,25.6.7=
;.,877*2<<*+5.U=28>V;2<E=;.D+;>7E=;.2598<<H-.-.<9>9255.<?.;=2,*5.<6*2<9*<-.05*7-.<9*;8=8K-.<>;*7=5*987=.5.6E5.
6*<<.5W*+-86.7-.<*,869*07.-W8M<877869>2<=;*7<98;=.-.<,1*9.5.=<-WT>/<3*>7.<<>;<87-8<->;*7=5WG=G
.;*9*>-,*5*62=. >/8,*5*62=*
D,6,1.C5.6E5.RD,6,1.C5*/.6.55. 252.>A8>?.;=<.7<85.255G<D?G0G=*=287
+*<<.R->7.<,*;;2H;.<=.;;25<9.58><.<.=95*7<-W.*>=.698;*2;.<+2.7.7<85.255G<RC87.<2787-*+5.<8;72H;.</5*:>.<6*;.<
9*77.<->7*2;.<;2<E=;.+;>7E=;.8>?.;-E=;.5.;*9*>-,*5*62=.<.-2<=270>.9*;>7.5207.3*>7.<>;5.-8<.==..<9H,..<=
:>*<26.7*,G..7#2,*;-2.
.;*9*>-,866>7 >/8+>/8
D,6,1.C5.6E5.RD,6,1.C5*/.6.55. 252.>A/;*2<.=+82<G<.==8><=B9.<-.6252.>AD.*>A
<=*07*7=.<5*,<G=*70<6*;.<=8>;+2H;.<.;*9*>-,866>79;G<.7=.-.<9>9255.<18;2C87=*5.<.=-.5*;0.<05*7-.<9*;8=8K-.<
&*9.*>=;H<0;*7>5.><..<=-.,8>5.>;0;2<E=;.+;>7E=;.8>?.;-E=;.
*;.78>255.*025. %*7*-*56*=27*
D,682<.6.7=<.=/8>;;G<1>62-.<-.95*27..=9;G<.7=-*7<-2?.;<.<92H,.<-.*>
98>;?>:>.55.<<82.7=-G98>;?>.<-.982<<87<858;*=287->-.<<><+;>7;8><<E=;.8>0;2<E=;..-.<<8><.<=*<<.C,5*2;-.+5*7,
7*,;GD;8<G ><.*>-.9;8/255870.=9;8G627.7==B69*7-2<=27,=.=0;*7-9.*>52<<.
*;.78>255.;8><<. %*7*=.698;*;2*
/.6.55.95><0;*7-.:>.5.<6E5.<D,66*A26>6&8>?.7==.;;.<=;..7-.18;<-.5*9G;28-.
-.;.9;8->,=287.=.*>A<=*07*7=.<8>5G0H;.6.7=,8>;*7=.<5G0H;.6.7=<*527.<D/;*7,1.6.7=*,2-.<*;.78>255.;8><<.9;G<.7=.
>7.=E,1.=.698;*5.=;2*70>5*2;.+;>7/87,G.7/8;6.-.6*<:>.;.,8>?;*7=5.=B69*7&*9.*>.<=+;>7.8>;8><<.6*2<3*6*2<?.;=.
.<;.952<*5=G;8-8;<*>A<87=+2.7?2<2+5.<7879*;*55H5.<.=<.;*99;8,1.7=*>6252.>->-8<5.6><.*>.<=,8>;=.=*;;87-2*>9;8/25
+><:>G-2//G;.7,.<*?.,;.78>255.*025.
;.78>255.<?.;=.<95><2.>;<.<9H,.<9;8,1.<;.78>255.?.;=. #.5891B5*A45.<,>5.7=* ;.78>255.-..<<87* #.5891B5*A5.<<87*.
;.78>255.;2.><. #.5891B5*A;2-2+>7-><
/.6.55.<95><0;*7-.<:>.5.<6E5.<D,6,698>;5*;.78>255.-..<<87*.
<87=-.<.<9H,.<9*;=2,>52H;.6.7=*6912+2.<*;0.9*5.==.-.6252.>A*:>*=2:>.<;2?2H;.<95*7<-.*>6*;.<0G7G;*5.6.7=.7<85.255G<
.>;,858;*=287?*;2.-./*F872698;=*7=..=25.A2<=.95><2.>;<1B+;2-.<795><-.5.>;,8>5.>;5.<0;.78>255.<?.;=.<<.-2<=270>.7=
-.<0;.78>255.<;8><<.<78=*66.7=9*;5*+<.7,.-.=E,1.=.698;*5..=5*9;G<.7,.-.<*,<?8,*>A.A=.;7.<
.#G58-B=.987,=>G #.58-B=.<9>7,=*=><
D,6 252.>A8>?.;=<D?G0G=*=287,5*2;<.6G.R9;*2;2.<1>62-.<52<2H;.<.=9;G/G;.7,.
98>;5.<92H,.<-W.*>=.698;*2;.<+2.7.7<85.255G.<R9;*2;2.<1>62-.<8;72H;.</8<<G<9*77.<->7*2;.<&*9.*>0;2<E=;.+;>7E=;.
8>?.;-E=;..<=987,=>G.-.U?.;;>.<V?.;-E=;.<.=<87,1*7=0;27F*7=;*99.55.5./;8==.6.7=-.-.>A+8>5.<-.9G=*7:>.<W.<=>7.
.<9H,.?>57G;*+5..7#2,*;-2.
*%*27.==.?.;=. B5**;+8;.*
D,6 252.>A1.;+*,G<8>*;+8;G<R/8>;;G<1*2.<5*7-.<9*77.<->7*2;.<.=.*>A<=*07*7=.<
.7<85.255G.<;2,1.<.7?G0G=*=287<*:>*=2:>.<RG=*70<6*;.<9*77.<->7*2;.<;8<.52H;.</8<<G<&*,8>5.>;?.;=9866.9.;6.=-.
5*;.,877*J=;./*,25.6.7=*%*27.==.?.;=..<=>7..<9H,.?>57G;*+5..7#2,*;-2.
*&*5*6*7-;.=*,1.=G. &*5*6*7-;*<*5*6*7-;*
D,6#;27,29*5.6.7=-*7<5.+8,*0..=-*7<5.<+82<.6.7=<-./.>255><8>62A=.<
*>?*2<.7*0.><.,.==..<9H,..<<.7=2.55.6.7==.;;.<=;.7.<.;.7,87=;..76252.>*:>*=2:>.:>.98>;52+G;.;5.<5*;?.<55.G?2=.5.<
<.,=.>;<2787-*+5.<55..<=/*,25.6.7=2-.7=2/2*+5.9*;<*,858;*=287782;.=*,1.=G.8>5207G.-.3*>7.5.95><<8>?.7=;*;.6.7=-.
;8>0.E=;.-8;*70.8>-.;8<.<*>687G&87*<9.,=.<=9;8,1.-W>75GC*;-<*9.*>.<=52<<..=.55.98<<H-.>7.:>.>.,B527-;2:>.
.&877.>;D?.7=;.3*>7. 86+27*?*;2.0*=*
-.,698>;5.6E5.D,6,1.C5*/.6.55. 8<*K:>.-.6252.>A8>?.;=<.=-.
+82<.6.7=<*?.,98,1.<-.*>-.=;H</*2+5.<>;/*,.=.5<8;72H;.</8;.<=2H;.<9.=2=</8<<G<<8>;,.<82<.6.7=<-.95*=.*>A6*;7.>A
1>62-.<-*7<5.<>--.52<7.858;*=287=.;;.><.95>=L=>72/8;6.<>;5.-.<<><*,.27/G;2.>;.+20*;;G.-.3*>7.8;*70G<>;/87-
782;,.7-;G8>+5.>7>2=W*<9.,=.<=9;8,1.->,;*9*>-,866>7?>->-.<<><.-.<<8><,858;G.<=,*;*,=G;2<=2:>..=7.9.>=I=;.
,87/87->*?.,*>,>7*>=;.*6912+2.7 .7*,.2698;=*7=.98>;5.<9H,..7#2,*;-2.,*;.55..<=>72:>.6.7=58,*52<G.-*7<5.<>--.
52<7.*?.,-.<989>5*=287<-./*2+5.<.//.,=2/<.=6.7*,G.9*;5.A9582=*=28727=.7<2?.-.</8;I=<
.';2=87*59.<=;. ,1=1B8<*>;**59.<=;2<
D,6/.6.55.<95><0;*7-.<:>.5.<6E5.<>;*7=5*;.9;8->,=28795*7<-.*>9*>?;.<
.7982<<87<.7?2;877G<-.?G0G=*=287*;+8;G..=/*,25.<-*,,H<.6E5..<=+5.>=G<>;5.-8<*?.,->+5*7,987,=>G-.782;<>;5.<
/5*7,<.-8<-.5*/.6.55..<=6*;+;G-.0;2<?.;=<>;/87-+;>7E=;.*,.27/G;2.>;.8;*70.?2/<8>?.7=<*7<=E,1.79G;28-.7>9=2*5.
5.6E5.9;G<.7=.>7.9.=2=.,;I=.-8;<*5.D+8;--;82=+5*7,1..=+*;;G.-.782;&.<8;=.25<<87=-G98>;?><-.9*56>;.<
.';2=87,;I=G ';2=>;><,;2<=*=><
D,6/.6.55.<95><0;*7-.<:>.5.<6E5.<>;*7=5*;.9;8->,=2879827=<-.*><=*07*7=.
<*7<982<<87<<8>?.7=*<<.CG=.7-><!G,.<<2=G-.C87.<-.+82<.6.7=<-.1*2.<8>-./8>;;G<D9;8A262=G266G-2*=.W.<=>7.
.<9H,.=B92:>.->+8,*0..=-.<9*77.<->7*2;.<.-8<.<=+;>7782;<8>?.7=987,=>G-.<86+;.*?.,-.<0;*7>5*=287<+5*7,1E=;.<
<>;5.</5*7,<*/*,.27/G;2.>;.3*>7..<=/8;=.6.7=987,=>G.-.782;79G;28-.7>9=2*5.2598<<H-.>7.,;I=.-8;<*5.1*>=.D+8;-
-.7=.5G&.<8;=.25<<87=-G98>;?><-.9*56>;.<
.';2=879*56G 2<<8=;2=871.5?.=2,><
D,6/.6.55.<95><0;*7-.<:>.5.<6E5.<>;*7=5*;.9;8->,=2875*;0.0*66.-.6252.>A
*:>*=2:>.<<=*07*7=<8>D,8>;*7=5.7=!G,.<<2=G->7,8>?.;=+82<GD9;8A262=G5*99;G,2.9.>5*9;G<.7,.-.982<<87<.-8<
3*>7E=;.?.;-E=;.+;>7E=;.8>782;E=;..<=<8>?.7==*,1.=G-.<86+;.,1.C5.6E5..=95>=L=>72/8;6.,1.C5*/.6.55..?.7=;..<=-.
=.27=.3*>7E=;..6E5.<.-2<=270>.-.<*>=;.<=;2=87<9*;<*,;I=.-8;<*5.+*<<..=-.<9*56>;.<,8695H=.<.=782;E=;.<*>A8;=.25<
G0*5.6.7=9*;>75870/25*6.7=,*>-*5782;E=;.*08;0.-.,8>5.>;,1*2;.<=0G7G;*5.6.7=7879206.7=G.,1.C5.6E5..=5*/.6.55.
.';2=87987,=>G 2<<8=;2=87?>50*;2<
D,6>;*7=5*;.9;8->,=2870;*7-.-2?.;<2=G-.95*7<-.*>C87.<-.6*;*2<.=<.,=.>;<
;2,1.<.76*;.<.=G=*70<6*2<-.6.>;.<8>?.7=52G*>A6252.>A52==8;*>A.=*55>?2*>A.-8<0;2<E=;.+;>7E=;.8>3*>7E=;..<=987,=>G
-.782;,1.C5.6E5..=*<<.C>72/8;6.,1.C5*/.6.55..?.7=;..<=-.=.27=.8;*70G..==*,1G-.;87-<782;<,1.C5.6E5..=/27.6.7=
987,=>G-.<86+;.,1.C5*/.6.55..6E5.<.-2<=270>.9*;<*,;I=.-8;<*5.G5.?G.D+8;-/.<=877G.<8;=.25<98<<H-.7=-.<9*56>;.<
.7/8;6.-.58+.<1.C5.6E5..=5*/.6.55.5*08;0..<=-.,8>5.>;,1*2;.=9206.7=G.-.=E,1.<<86+;.<
.<;.9=25.<
*8;87.55.52<<. 8;87.55**><=;2*,*
D,6 252.>A7*=>;.5<,1*>-<.=<.,<5*7-.<9.58><.<<H,1.<52<2H;.<.=G+8>52<.
,8>5.>;6*;;87*?.,-.<68=2/</87,G<<>;5.-8<5*8;87.55.52<<.<.-2<=270>.-.<?29H;.<9*;<*9>9255.;87-.W.<9H,..<=?>57G;*+5.
.7#2,*;-2.
*8>5.>?;.D,8552.; !*=;2A7*=;2A
D,6#;G/G;.7,.98>;5.<52.>A1>62-.<6*;.<G=*70<5*,<;2?2H;.<5.7=.<8M.55.7*0.
?8587=2.;<.=95><;*;.6.7=.7=.;;*2795><<.,52<2H;.<5*7-.<6>;<-.92.;;.*8>5.>?;.D,8552.;<.-2<=270>.9*;-.<=E,1.<
,5*2;.</8;6*7=>7,8552.;D5W*;;2H;.-.<*=I=.&87,8;9<.<=?.;=0;2<8>6*;;87
*)29H;.9G52*-. )29.;*+.;><
D,6 252.>A8>?.;=<.7<85.255G<.=,1*>-<9.58><.<,*5,2,85.<5*7-.<<H,1.<.=5*7-.<
1>62-.<98>;?>.<:>.55.<<82.7=.7,87-2=287=1.;689125.55.9;G<.7=.>7C20*C0782;8>+;>7/87,G<>;/87-+;>7,5*2;0;2<<>;5.
-.<<><.=>7.=I=.=;2*70>5*2;.&87T25.<=D9>9255.?.;=2,*5.55..<=6.7*,G.9*;5*;*;G/*,=287-.<871*+2=*=.=.<=<8>?.7=?2,=26.
-.-.<=;>,=287-2;.,=.9*;6G,877*2<<*7,.
.GC*;-?.;= *,.;=*+2527.*=*
5GC*;--.0;*7-.=*255.3><:>.,6,1.C5.6E5. 252.>A8>?.;=<.7<85.255G<.=,1*>-<9.58><.<
,*5,2,85.<5*7-.<<H,1.<92.;;2.;<0;H<<252,.>A52<2H;.<-.+82<.=+>2<<87<.7,87-2=287=1.;689125.*08;0..<=+5.>.,1.C5.6E5.
.=5.;.<=.-.5*52?;G..<=-W>7?.;=>72/8;6.*/.6.55..<=-.,8>5.>;?*;2*+5.*?.,->?.;=-8627*7=.=->6*;;87
.GC*;--.<6>;*255.< #8-*;,2<6>;*52<
D,6#;H<-.<?82.</.;;G.<-.<?2.>A6>;<-.<6*2<87<-1*+2=*=2876*2<*//.,=2877.
5.<52.>A.7<85.255G<&87*<9.,=.<==;H<?*;2*+5.52?;G.0G7G;*5.-.6*;;87D6*;;87?.;=*?.,-.<9827=<.=-.<=E,1.</87,G.<5
<W*02=-W>79.=2=5GC*;--87=5*:>.>..<=95><5870>.:>.5.,8;9<5.<=*<<.C<.6+5*+5.*>GC*;-?2?29*;.
.GC*;-*025.GC*;--.<<8>,1.< *,.;=**0252<
,6D95><-.,698>;-.0;8<27-2?2->< 252.>A8>?.;=<.7<85.255G<.=
,1*>-<9.58><.<,*5,2,85.<.=5*7-.<<H,1.<52<2H;.<-.+82<.7,87-2=287=1.;689125..6E5..<=1*+2=>.55.6.7=?.;=,5*2;<>;5.<
/5*7,<*?.,>75*;0.=;*2=6*;;87.71*>=->-8<.</.6.55.<<87=-.,8>5.>;6*;;87*?.,5.</5*7,<95></87,G<.?.7=;..<=
+5*7,1E=;.?.;-E=;.8>3*>7.5<W*02=->-.>A2H6.95><0;*7-5GC*;--.78=;.;G0287*9;H<5.GC*;-?.;=
.GC*;-?2?29*;. *,.;=*?2?29*;*
D,6)G0G=*=287<1>62-.<=8>;+2H;.<6*;*2<*5,*527<+8;--G=*70<+82<.6.7=<1>62-.<
5*99;G,2.5.+82<68;=&87*<9.,=.<==;H<?*;2*+5.52?;G.0G7G;*5.-.6*;;87D6*;;87782;*?.,-.<9827=<.=-.<=E,1.</87,G.<
.-.<<8><->6E5..<=;8>0.8>8;*70.?2/W.<=>79.=2=5GC*;--87=5*:>.>..<=95><5870>.:>.5.,8;9<.=5.<9*==.<,8>;=.<5.<=
*<<.C<.6+5*+5.*>GC*;--.<6>;*255.<
W";?.= 70>2</;*0252<
,6*+2=*==;H<?*;2G+82<.6.7=<.=52<2H;.<1*2.<6252.>A;8,*255.>A5*7-.<.=6*;*2<5G0H;.6.7=
1>62-.D?G0G=*=287+*<<..=+;8><<*255.><.5.<=-.,8>5.>;+;>7.*?.,>7.+*7-.58702=>-27*5.782;.W.<=5.<.>55GC*;-<*7<9*==.<
->;89.257./*>=-W*255.>;<9*<5.,87/87-;.*?.,>7<.;9.7=R&*9.*>.<=52<<..=+;255*7=.
*'8;=>.-.58;2-. ';*,1.6B<<,;29=*.5.0*7<
D,68>;<-W.*>5.7=<6*;*2<.=G=*70<,*7*>A55..<=/*,25.6.7=2-.7=2/2*+5.
9*;<*,*;*9*,.?.;-E=;.5*9;G<.7,.-W>795*<=;873*>7..=-.5*;0.<=E,1.<;8>0.?2/.7*;;2H;.-.5WT255<W*02=-W>7..<9H,.27=;8->2=.
.=:>2.7;*7,..<=/8;=.6.7=.7,87,>;;.7,.*?.,5*2<=>-.-W>;89.5*2<=>-.7W.<=9*<9;G<.7=..7#2,*;-2.5.<=269G;*=2/-.
7.9*<;.5E,1.;-.=8;=>.<-.58;2-.-*7<5.6252.>7*=>;.5
#.=2=58<<*2;.
O5*7-.<9*;8=8K-.<05*7-.<D<G,;.=287.A=.;7.<2=>G.<<>;5.,8>5.<G9*>5.<8>5.-8<-.,.;=*27<*6912+2.7<55.<52+H;.7=
>7.<>+<=*7,.7.>;8=8A2:>.,.7<G.-2<<>*-.;5.<9;G-*=.>;<
O 252.>A8>?.;=<9*;8998<2=287*>A6252.>A/.;6G<25<W*02=-.?G0G=*=287<1.;+*,G.<;*<.<8>9.>.6+;8><<*255G.<.=/*?8;*+5.<
*>A.<9H,.<:>2;.,1.;,1.7=5*5>62H;..=5*,1*5.>;
O'.698;*5. <2=>G.*>72?.*>-.5*=.69.
O*=G;8-8;<*>A <2=>G<<>;5.,L=G->-8<
O&*,<?8,*>A.A=.7<287-.5*9.*>9.;6.==*7=>7.*6952/2,*=287->,1*7=-.<6E5.<-.,.;=*27<*6912+2.7<.<87G62<*98>;
+>=-W*==2;.;>7.9*;=.7*2;.98>;5*;.9;8->,=287.>;9;G<.7,.9.;6.=-87,-.-G=.;627.;/*,25.6.7=5.<.A.
O'1.;689125. :>2*99;G,2.5*,1*5.>;.=5W.7<85.255.6.7=