secret-power compress (1)

To Julia, Rose and Tom, with love.

SECRET POWER
NICKY HAGER

Published by Craig Potton Publishing
Box 555, Nelson, New Zealand.
First published 1996
Reprinted 1996, 2007
©Copyright 1996 Nicky Hager
ISBN 978 0 908802 35 7
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6
FOREWORD BY DAVID LANGE 8
FOREWORD BY JEFFREY RICHELSON 9
INTRODUCTION 12
CHAPTER 1 1984 19
CHAPTER 2 Hooked Up to the Spy Network: The UKUSA System 26
CHAPTER 3 The Power of the Dictionary: Inside ECHELON 42
CHAPTER 4 Fighting the Cold War: The Role of UKUSA 57
CHAPTER 5 The GCSB, ANZUS and a Nuclear-Free New Zealand 76
CHAPTER 6 Behind Closed Doors: What Happens Inside the GCSB 92
CHAPTER 7 The Organisation: Secret Structures of the GCSB 119
CHAPTER 8 Secret Squirrels: Who Runs the GCSB? 138
CHAPTER 9 Station NZC-332: Electronic Eavesdropping 147
from Tangimoana
CHAPTER 10 Under the Radome: What Happens at Waihopai 165
CHAPTER 11 The Facts in the Filofax: Military Signals 186
Intelligence Missions
CHAPTER 12 What Are the Secrets? The Intelligence Product 200
CHAPTER 13 Who Watches the Watchers? Overseeing the 215
Intelligence Agencies
CHAPTER 14 Leaving the Intelligence Alliance 237
APPENDICES
A Who’s Who in New Zealand Foreign Intelligence Organisations 251
B A Guided Tour of Secret Intelligence Facilities 258
– Waihopai
– Tangimoana
– Overseas Stations
C Where the Intelligence Ends Up 268
– External Assessments Bureau
– Directorate of Defence Intelligence
– Courier Links to the Overseas Agencies
D Second World War Signals Intelligence History 275
ENDNOTES 280
INDEX AND GLOSSARY 295